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United States. Mayors' Conference. Municipal Control of Objectionable Comic Books. Washington, D.C., The Conference, 1948. 12p. (Report no. 298) U203
United States. National Archives. Records of the Office of Censorship. Compiled by Henry T. Ulasek. Washington, D.C., The National Archives, 1953. 16p. (Preliminary Inventories, no. 54) U204
Inventory of official records of the government agency charged with censorship in the United States during World War II. A seven-page introduction surveys the organization and operation of the office.
United States. National Commission for UNESCO. Our Interest in Freedom of Information and Communications. Washington, D.C., The Commission, 1953. 4p. U205
Prepared by Kenneth N. Stewart in cooperation with the Association for Education in Journalism for the 4th national conference, U.S. Commission for UNESCO.
United States. Navy Department. Office of Naval Intelligence. Cable Censorship Digest. Compiled by F. D. Pryor. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1933. 269p. U206
United States. Post Office Department. Report on Exclusion of Newspapers from the Mails. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1863. 2p. (Senate Document 19, 37th Cong., 3d sess.) U207
Instructions to deputy postmasters with regard to excluding certain newspapers from the mails, and for restoring mailing privilege.
United States. President. Repression of the Circulation of Obscene Publications. Message from the President of the United States Transmitting an Arrangement Relative to the Repression of the Circulation of Obscene Publications, Signed at Paris on May 4, 1910. [Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1910]. 4p. (61st Cong., 3d sess.; confidential) U208
United States. President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy. Report. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1964. 888p. U209
The report includes a recommendation that "representatives of the bar, law enforcement associations, and the news media work together to establish ethical standards concerning the collection and presentation of information to the public so that there will be no interference with pending criminal investigations, court proceedings, or the right of individuals to a fair trial."
United States. Public Information Committee. Complete Report of the Chairman of the Committee on Public Information, 1917: 1918: 1919. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1920. 290p. U210
This World War I committee was created by Executive Order, 13 April 1917, and terminated 21 August 1919. Its chairman was George Creel. Among its duties was the control of information about American participation in the war.
-------. Official Bulletin. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., Vol. 1-Vol. 3, no. 575, 10 May 1917-31 March 1919. 8p. or 16p. each. U211
The 31 December issue contains the Request for Censorship by Press of Certain War News, as Revised and Urged upon All American Publishers.
-------. Preliminary Statement to the Press of the United States. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1917, 20p. U212
An outline of the program for supervising voluntary censorship of the press in World War I.
United States. State Department. "Arrangement between United States and Other Powers relative to Repression of Circulation of Obscene Publications; Signed Paris, May 4, 1910, proclaimed April 18, 1911." In State Department Foreign Relations, 1911 (1918), pp. 94-97; in U.S. Statutes at Large, vol. 37, pt. 2, pp. 1511-15; in U.S. Treaty Series, no. 559; and issued as a separate 9-page pamphlet by the State Department in 1911. The British publication of the agreement appears in the Treaty Series, 1911, no. 11, issued by H.M. Stat. Off. U213
A treaty whereby contracting countries centralize through the French government information facilitating the tracing and seizing of obscene drawings, writings, pictures, and objects.
-------. Concerning Freedom of Information. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1947. 13p. (Publication 2977) U214
Contains: Address of Warren R. Austin, U.S. Representative to the United Nations, "U.S. Rejects Resolutions Limiting Free Flow of Information"; statement of Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, U.S. Representative to the General Assembly, opposing Yugoslav resolution to restrict offensive propaganda.
United States. State Department. Office of Public Affairs. Division of Historical Policy Research. Freedom of Information in American Policy and Practice. By William Gerber and Letitia A. Lewis. Washington, D.C., The Department, 1948. 65p. U215
A review of the history of American policy and practice as regards freedom of information, including public rights, rights of reporters and other writers, and rights of media of mass communications from 1776 to the present. These rights are subject to government limitations only in the interest of such goals as national security, public morals, and prevention of personal libel. The report was prepared in anticipation of the Geneva Conference on Freedom of Information.
United States. Temporary National Economic Committee. The Motion Picture Industry: A Pattern of Control. By Daniel Bertrand, W. Duane Evans, and E. L. Blanchard. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1941. 92p. (TNEC Monograph 43, Senate Committee Print, 76th Cong., 3d sess.) U216
A study of the concentration of economic power in the movie industry as it existed at the time of the investigation. Five major companies and 3 satellites produce and distribute 70 per cent of American movies. The industry utilizes such restrictive practices as block booking, blind selling, and forcing of shorts, which, unlike some monopolies, does not result in a savings for the consumer. The appendix includes a description of the self-censorship activities of the Hays Office.
United States. Treasury Department. Report on the Cost of Libel Prosecutions. Washington, D.C., The Department, 1807. 15p. (Executive Document, 9th Cong., 2d sess.) U217
Albert Gallatin, Secretary of the Treasury, reports on expense incurred in libel prosecutions against the following publishers in Connecticut in 1806: Thaddeus Osgood, Tapping Reeve, Barzillai Hudson, George Goodwin, and Azel Backus.
United States. War Department. Adjutant General. Censorshtp: Some Important Facts You Must Know [When you Write Home]. Washington, D.C., Adjutant General's Department, 1942. 4p. U218
United States. War Department. General Staff Corps. War College Division. The Proper Relationship between the Army and the Press in Time of War. Washington, D.C., Army War College, 1916. 13p. (Supplement to Statement of a Proper Military Policy for the United States; also published as War Department Document no. 528) U219
A statement of military law as it relates to war correspondents, release of military information, and censorship.
United States. War Information Office. OWI Regulation No. 4. Washington, D.C., OWI, 1942. 4p. (Reprinted in Summers, Federal Information Controls in Peacetime, pp. 141-46) U220
The wartime directive establishing security classification over government information "which might prove of aid or comfort to the enemy."
"U.S. Supreme Court Reexamines Precedents in Hearings on Three Book Censorship Cases." Publishers' Weekly, 188:61-66, 27 December 1965. U221
"On December 7 and 8, the U.S. Supreme Court heard testimony on three cases involving allegedly obscene books. At issue: Is 'expert' testimony admissible? Is the court itself the supreme censor?"
"U.S. Supreme Court Rules Pro-Censorship in Two of Three Cases Involving Books." Publishers' Weekly, 189(13):43-44, 28 March 1966. U222
"Affirming two publishers' convictions, the court expanded the scope of its anti-obscenity purview to include book advertising and promotion. Only Fanny Hill escaped the deluge, as the court held for G. P. Putnam's and overturned a Massachusetts ban."
University of Chicago Round Table. Book Burning and Censorship. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1953. 18p. (Radio Forum no. 795) U223
A radio discussion by Robert Faulhaber and others; includes The Menace of Free Journalism in America by Mary McCarthy.
-------. Censorship. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1942. 29p. (Radio Forum no. 201) U224
Participants: Byron Price, William Benton, and Harold D. Lasswell. American philosophy of censorship in wartime should incorporate the negative aspect of guarding military secrets from the enemy and the positive aspect of keeping the American public well-informed. There is also a need to guard against unnecessary local censorship.
-------. A Free and Responsible Press. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1947. 29p. (Radio Forum no. 472) U225
Wilbur Forrest, Robert Hutchins, and George N. Shuster, the latter two members of the Commission on Freedom of the Press, discuss the Commission's recommendations. Mr. Forrest believes that the report, prepared by academicians rather than practicing journalists, is too critical of the American press. Mr. Hutchins and Mr. Shuster defend the report, believing that vigorous criticism of the press is healthy to a democratic institution.
-------. Free Flow of News and World Peace. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1946. 21p. (Radio Forum no. 453) U226
Participants: Seymour Berkson, Palmer Hoyt, and Quincy Wright. There was agreement among the three journalists that more communications facilities, lower costs, less censorship, and higher standards were needed to provide free international flow of information.
-------. Freedom of Information. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1949. 33p. (Radio Forum no. 612) U227 §
Participants: Benjamin Cohen, Gerrit Jan Van Heuven Goedhart, Carlos Romulo, and David Sarnoff. A discussion of the free flow of information among the peoples of the world as one of the fundamental human rights. Includes an address by David Sarnoff, Freedom to Listen and Freedom to Look, presented at a Chicago meeting in honor of the U.S. National Commission for UNESCO, 12 September 1947, and an address, The Word Is Freedom, by William Benton, before the UN Conference on Freedom of Information and of the Press, Geneva, 24 March 1948.
-------. The Press. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1942. 29p. (Radio Forum no. 240) U228
A radio discussion by M. C. Krueger and R. P. McKeon of the University of Chicago and Samuel E. Thomason, publisher of the Chicago Times. Professor Krueger submitted that the basic issue in the problem of a free press is that of reconciling its duties as a public service with its rights as a private business. Mr. Thomason stated that a good newspaper should neither lead nor follow the public, but should present the facts from which the public can form its own conclusions.
-------. Radio in Wartime. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1942. 29p. (Radio Forum no. 218) U229
Participants: William Benton, James L. Fly, Harold D. Lasswell. There should be as little control of radio as possible during wartime, yet enough to protect military secrecy. Free flow of information is essential for democracies waging war.
-------. Social Responsibilities of Radio. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1947. 28p. (Radio Forum no. 476) U230
Participants: Barbara Ward, member of the Board of Governors of the B.B.C.; Clarence Moore, station KOA, Denver; Ray C. Wakefield of the FCC; and Louis Wirth, University of Chicago. There was general agreement with the findings of the Commission on Freedom of the Press that radio has a responsibility to entertain, disseminate information, and foster discussion of public issues, but the participants differed on the extent to which these responsibilities had been met. Mr. Moore believed radio is giving the public what it wants; Miss Ward believed the American public was getting what the advertisers want; Mr. Wakefield believed the major responsibility for content control is with the individual stations and the networks, with the FCC enforcing only minimum standards.
-------. What Freedom of Information Means to You. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1950. 33p. (Radio Forum no. 620) U231 §
Participants: William Benton, Erwin D. Canham, and Harold D. Lasswell. Includes an address, Freedom of Information, by Senator Benton, given before the Connecticut Editorial Association, 4 February 1950.
-------. World-Wide Freedom of News? Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1944. 21p. (Radio Forum no. 347) U232
Claude Jagger, Robert D. Leigh, and Hans J. Morgenthau discuss concepts of international freedom of the press, a necessity for world organization.
"The 'Unstamped Press' in London." Tait's Edinburgh Magazine, 1 (n.s.):614-25, October 1834. U233
A survey and defense of the lawless penny publications, issued to the working class in defiance of the "odius taxes upon knowledge." The author notes the significant contribution of these unstamped publications, too often considered by the educated people "in the same degraded light as the Unwashed." Beginning with the papers of Cobbett and Wooler, the publications have served a useful purpose in English reform.
Unwin, Sir Stanley. The Truth About a Publisher; an Autobiographical Record. New York, Macmillan, 1960. 455p. U234
An autobiography of one of Britain's leading publishers refers to a number of incidents of censorship, from the time of World War I, when censorship was mismanaged, to World War II where a more enlightened policy prevailed. He also discusses his difficulties with the director of public prosecution over the publication of A Young Girl's Diary and his experience as head of the Council of the Publishers' Association in dealing with book seizures under British obscenity laws.
[Upham, Timothy, plaintff]. Libel Trial. Report of the Trial. Timothy Upham vs. Hill & Barton, for an Alleged Libel, at the Court of Common Pleas, Rockingham County, October term. 1830. Compiled from Notes Taken at the Trial, and the Original Papers in the Case. To which is Added an Appendix, Containing the Evidence Ruled out by the Court . . . Concord, N.H., Hill and Barton, 1831. 96p., 24p. U235 §
[-------]. Report of the Case of Timothy Upham against Hill & Barton, Publishers of the New-Hampshire Patriot, for Alleged Libels, at the Court of Common Pleas, Rockingham County . . . 1830. Dover, N.H., G. W. Ela, 1830. 159p. U236
Upham brought action against the publishers of the New Hampshire Patriot and State Gazette, who had charged him with misconduct as collector of the United States Customs.
"Upward Trend in Congressional Secrecy." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, 16:638-41, 16 April 1963. U237
Closed sessions by Congressional committees are on the increase.
Utah Council of Teachers of English. "The Censorship Roundup in Utah." Utah Council of Teachers of English Bulletin, 5(5):3-5, September 1966. U238
Results from a questionnaire on censorship in Utah schools, circulated by a committee of the Association. Thirty per cent of the schools reported censorship incidents; most of the pressures were from individual parents, not groups.
Utley, Freda. "The Book Burners Burned." American Mercury, 77:35-39, December 1953. U239
Attack on the United States Information Service overseas as being administered by "woolly liberals" and that its libraries contain books about communism, but none presenting the Republican or conservative point of view. Article is critical of the American Library Association and its "Freedom to Read" manifesto, claiming it discriminates against the books it considers "bad."
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