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"U+A+X=Y." by B. D. L., Member no. 12981. Drama, 71:35-37, Winter 1963. U1
Deals with the controversy aroused by the resolution at the Drama Conference of the Edinburgh Festival urging the public to bring pressure upon the government by all possible means to establish a theater equivalent of the Cinema X Certificate. The British Board of Film Censors and its three certificates (A-Adult, U-Universal, X-no person under 16) are discussed, including the dangers to the theater of an X certificate. The tolerance of Lord Chamberlains in recent years in licensing plays, even though stage censorship is not satisfactory or desirable, is to be preferred to the difficulties facing playwrights, producers, and managers concerned with whether their work is to be certified U, A or X. The only test should be the public reaction to good cinema or good theater.
Udall, John. "Trial for Publishing a Seditious Book." In Howell, State Trials, vol. 1, pp. 127 ff. U2 §
Udall, a Puritan minister, was convicted in 1589 for writing an anti-episcopal tract, Diotrephes, seized by authority of the Star Chamber from the print shop of Robert Waldegrave. Udall was found guilty and sentenced to death. Popular sentiment led to the granting of a pardon, but Udall died shortly thereafter from the effect of harsh prison treatment.
Ulman, Ruth, ed. University Debaters' Annual, 1949-1950. New York, Wilson, 1950. 355p. U3
Chapter 10 consists of a "public discussion" on film censorship, conducted in the form of a congressional hearing by a class at Albion College.
Ulveling, Ralph A. "Book Selection Policies." Library Journal, 76:1170-71, August 1951. (Reprinted in Daniels, The Censorship of Books, pp. 173-74) U4 §
The director of the Detroit Public Library referred to his library's policy on limited circulation of controversial material that aroused librarians and resulted in numerous comments in the library press. "Communist expressions of opinion or misleading propaganda," Ulveling stated, "would be found in only the Reference service [not in the Home Reading service] where duplication of titles is limited." Thurston Taylor and Paul Bixler answer Ulveling in the 15 July issue of Library Journal.
"Uncle Sam as Censor." Fortune, 19(6):109-10, June 1939. (Fortune Survey XXII) U5
The survey asked: Do you think our government should or should not establish a bureau to supervise what should be produced in moving pictures? Radio? Newspapers and Magazines? The answer is an emphatic "no." A generalization from the answer: the lower the income, the higher the sentiment for federal control.
Underhill, Edward B., ed. Tracts on Liberty of Conscience and Persecution, 1614-1661. London, Printed for the Hanserd Knollys Society by T. Haddon, 1846. 401p. U6
According to the prospectus of the Hanserd Knollys Society, "to the Baptists belongs the honour of first asserting in this land, and of establishing on the immutable basis of just argument and scripture rule, the right of every man to worship God as conscience dictates, in submission only to divine command." The editor has brought together the text of the earliest Baptist writings in the English language dealing with freedom of religious expression, supplying an introduction to each tract. The book contains Leonard Busher's Religious Peace: or A Plea for Liberty of Conscience, 1614; [Thomas Helwys'] Persecution for Religion Judg'd and Condemn'd, 1615; Samuel Richardson's The Necessity of Toleration in Matters of Religion, 1647; and John Sturgion's A Plea for Toleration of Opinions and Persuasion in Matters of Religion, 1661.
Underhill, Frank A. "Peyton Place: Evidence of Frank A. Underhill before the Tariff Board, 29 January 1958." Canadian Library Association Bulletin, 15:13-16, July 1958. U7
A defense of Peyton Place as a serious modern novel dealing with a theme of sex, violence, and a decaying society. Tbe book is not immoral by standards laid down by Judge Woolsey.
United Nations. Conference on Freedom of Information, Geneva, 1948. Draft Rules of Procedure. Lake Success, N.Y., The UN, 1948. 8p. mimeo. U8
In May 1946, at the request of the American Delegation to the UN, the Commission on Human Rights created a Sub-Commission on Freedom of lnformation. The General Assembly subsequently called for an international Conference on Freedom of Information to be held in 1947-48. It adopted 3 conventions and 43 resolutions. The work of the Conference and the related documents are described in The Library of Congress, Freedom of Information; A Selective Report on Recent Writings, 1949, pp. 23-40.
-------. Memorandum Concerning Codes of Honor for Journalists and Encouraging Standards of Professional Conduct. Lake Success, N.Y., 1949. 33p. (UN Document E/Conf. 6/10) U9
Texts of the codes of International Federation of Journalists, International Union of Press Associations, First National and Pan-American Press Congress, Mexico, 1942, American Society of Newspaper Editors, National Union of Journalists (Great Britain), National Association of Broadcasters, Association of Radio News Analysts, and Inter-American Association of Broadcasters.
-------. Report of the United States Delegation with Related Documents. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print Off., 1948. 45p. (U.S. State Department Publication 3150; International Organization and Conference Series, III 5) U10
The appendix includes the Draft Convention on the Gathering and International Transmission of News (the U.S. Convention), Draft Convention Concerning the Institution of an International Right of Correction (the French Convention), Draft Convention on Freedom of Information (the British Convention), Resolutions (nos. 12 and 13 on "censorship," no. 26 on "libel," and no. 28 on "freedom to listen"). William Benton was chairman of the delegation which included Sevellon Brown, Erwin D. Canham, Zechariah Chafee, Jr., and Harry Martin.
-------. Request for Information. Lake Success, N.Y., The UN, 1947. 8p. mimeo. (UN Document E/Conf. 6/2) U11
Invitation to member nations to supply answers to a series of questions relating to freedom of information in their respective countries. The replies were published in two volumes by the UN Secretariat.
-------. Summary Record of the 1st-13th Meeting, Mar. 23-Apr. 21, 1948. [Geneva?], The UN, 1948. 15 nos. in 1 vol. (UN Document E/Conf. 6/SR/I-E/Conf. 6/SR/13) U12
United Nations. Economic and Social Council. Freedom of Information: Agenda Item 15. Lake Success, N.Y., The UN, 1955. 107p. U13
Survey prepared by the Secretary General on the legal aspects of the rights and responsibilities of the communications media.
-------. Report on Developments in the Field of Freedom of Information since 1954. [Lake Success, N.Y.], The UN, 1961. 155p., 11p., 4p. mimeo. (UN Document E/3443) U14
Chapter 1, Freedom of Information and the United Nations. Chapter 2, The Concept of Freedom of Information--the Legal Approach. Chapter 3, The Pragmatic Approach. Chapter 4, Facilities for the Free Flow of Information. Chapter 5, Obstacles to the Free Flow of Information (newsprint production, tariff, copyright, legislation, telecommunication press rates, access to news sources, censorship of dispatches). Chapter 6, Content and Quality of Information. Chapter 7, The Extent to Which the People Receive News of the United Nations and Its Specialized Agencies and their Work for Peace. Chapter 8, Brief Note on the Inter-Relationship of Problems. Annex, Chronology of UN Activities in the Field of Information since 1954. The report was prepared by Dr. Hilding Eek, professor of international law, University of Stockholm.
-------. Suggestions to Member States on Measures to Promote the Free Flow of Information and Ideas. Lake Success, N.Y., The UN, 1965. 14p. (UN Document CL/1772, Annex) U15
-------. Tentative International Bibliography of Works Dealing with Press Problems, 1902-1952. Paris, The UN, 1954. 46p. (Reports and Papers on Mass Communications) U16
-------. Traffic in Obscene Publications. Summary of Annual Reports for 1946-47. Lake Success, N.Y., The UN, [1948?] 7p. U17
A similar summary was published for 1947-48.
United Nations. Economic and Social Council. Sub-Commission on Freedom of Information and of the Press. Discussion of the Concept of Freedom of Information in Organs of the United Nations. [Lake Success, N.Y.], 1948. 49p. (UN Document E/CN. 4/sub. 1/38) U18
-------. Final Act. Lake Success, N.Y., The UN [1948]. 41p. (UN Document E/Conf. 6/79) U19
Includes texts of resolutions, draft conventions, articles for draft declaration, and draft covenant on human rights. The drafted clauses concerned (1) gathering and transmission of news, (2) institution of an international right of correction, and (3) freedom of information. The Draft Convention in the gathering and transmission of international news was incorporated in the Declaration of Human Rights. It was revised by an ad hoc committee of the General Assembly.
-------. Report [1st]-5th sess; May 19-June 4, 1947--Mar. 3-21, 1952. [Lake Success, N.Y.]. Issued 1950-52 as Supplements to the Official Records of the Economic and Social Council. 5 vols. Various paging. (UN Document E/441) U20
Includes agenda, memoranda, drafts, texts of statements of delegates, resolutions, draft rules, discussions, and suggested programs covering the five sessions.
-------. Report of the Subcommission . . . Transmitted by UNESCO. [Lake Success, N.Y.], The UN, 1947, 18p. (UN Document E/507) U21
United Nations. General Assembly. Committee on the Draft Convention. Reports. . . . Legal Problems Raised by Certain Amendments to the Draft Convention. Memorandum by the Secretary-General. [Lake Success, N.Y.], The UN, 1951. 21p. plus 41p. (UN Document E/2046 and E/2046/Add 1) U22
The Draft Convention on Freedom of Information originated in a proposal made by the delegation of the United Kingdom to the UN Conference on Freedom of Information. The text of the Draft Convention as approved by the Conference is contained in the Final Act of the Conference, 1948. In 1950 the Third Committee of the UN General Assembly appointed an ad hoc Committee for revision of the text of the Draft Convention. The Committee held its first meeting at Lake Success in January 1951. Numerous mimeographed reports were issued by the Committee during the course of deliberation; a new draft was submitted in February 1959. The Third Committee of the General Assembly subsequently adopted the four articles of the Draft Convention. A complete account of the Draft Convention is given in Michael Wei, UN FOI Draft Convention. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1962. 32p. (Publication no. 85)
United Nations. Secretariat. Agreement for the Suppression of Obscene Publications. Signed at Paris on 4 May 1910, amended by the Protocol signed at Lake Success, New York, 4 May 1949. Lake Success, N.Y., The UN, 1950. 5p. U23 §
-------. The Freedom of the Press. Some Historical Notes. Lake Success, N.Y., The UN, 1948. 29p. mimeo. (UN Document E/Conf. 6/4) U24
A summary of previous conferences on freedom of the press: Chapter 1, Early Non-Government Conferences. Chapter 2, Proposals at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919-1920. Chapter 3, The League of Nations and the Press. Chapter 4, Other Conferences and Organizations. Chapter 5, Freedom of the Press in The Americas--A Regional Study (including statement on Free Access to Information in the Chapultepec Declaration).
-------. International Convention for the Suppression of the Circulation of and Traffic in Obscene Publications, Opened for Signature at Geneva from 12 September 1923 to 31 March 1924, Amended by the Protocol Signed at Lake Success, New York, 12 November 1947. Lake Success, N.Y., The UN, 1948. 13p. U25
-------. Protocol Amending the Convention of 12th September 1923, for the Suppression of the Circulation and Traffic in Obscene Publications. Lake Success, 12th November, 1947. London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1952. 25p. (Cmd. paper 8438) U26
United Nations. Secretariat. Department of Social Affairs. Freedom of Information. A Compilation. Lake Success, N.Y., The UN, 1950. 2 vols. U27
Vol. 1 consists of replies from 33 governments in response to a request from the Secretary-General to supply information on the status of freedom of information in their respective countries. Chapter 9 includes reports submitted on "measures to combat the diffusion of false or distorted reports likely to injure friendly relations between States." Vol. 2 includes relevant articles of constitutions, legislative enactments and regulations, judicial decisions, codes of honor, and other related materials submitted with the replies published in volume one.
United Nations. Seminar on Freedom of Information, New Delhi, 1962. Seminar on Freedom of Information, New Delhi, India, 20 Feb.-5 Mar., 1962. Organized by the United Nations in Co-operation with the Government of India. New York, The UN, 1963. 149p. (UN Document ST/TAO/HR/13) U28
United Nations. Seminar on Freedom of Information, Rome, 1964. Seminar on Freedom of Information Organized by the United Nations in Co-operation with the Government of Italy. New York, The UN, 1964. 44p. (UN Document ST/TAO/HR/20) U29
United Nations. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Freedom of Information; Development of Information Media in Under-Developed Countries. Report by the Director-General. [Paris?], UNESCO, 1961. 196p. plus tables. (UNESCO Document E/CN.4/814) U30
Contents: Review of past efforts and problems; conclusions and recommendations in various media. I Southeast Asia, II Latin America, III Development of press, film, radio, and television throughout the world.
-------. Freedom of Information; Development of Information Media in Under-Developed Countries. Report by the Director General of UNESCO. Meeting on Development of Information Media in Latin America. Paris, UNESCO, 1961. 50p. mimeo. (UN Document E/3437/Add.I;E/CN.4/814/Add.I) U31
United Nations. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Department of Mass Communications. Division of Free Flow of Information. Trade Barriers to Knowledge; a Manual of Regulations Affecting Educational, Scientific and Cultural Materials. Paris, UNESCO, 1951. 167p. New and revised edition. New York, Columbia University Press, 1955. 364p. (UNESCO Publication 847) U32
This manual, intended to enlist public support for the UNESCO convention designed to remove duties, quotas, licenses, and other obstacles to the exchange of cultural materials, lists by country import restrictions for newspapers and periodicals, works of art, films, scientific apparatus, and materials for the blind.
-------. World Communications, Press, Radio, Film; Report. New and rev. ed. [Paris], UNESCO, 1951. 223p. (UNESCO Publication 942) U33
United States. Attorney General. Annual Report, 1918. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1918. 782p. (House Document 1437, 65th Cong., 3d sess.) U34
A summary is given (pp. 20-24, 47-54) of 37 selected cases prosecuted under the wartime Espionage Act, including those involving free speech and freedom of the press or political or religious liberty. Includes the case against the Masses Publishing Co., The Jeffersonian Publishing Co., and the Milwaukee Social Democrat Publishing Co.
-------. The Freedom of the Press from Unlawful Restraints and Monopoly. In the Matter of the Complaint of the Sun Printing and Publishing Company against the Associated Press. New York, 1914. 84p. U35
United States. Censorship Office. Code of Wartime Practices for American Broadcasters. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1942. 8p. U36
Handbook outlining rules for voluntary radio censorship in America during World War II. The first edition appeared 15 June 1942. Revised editions were issued 1 February 1943 and 1 December 1943. (Reprinted in Summers, Wartime Censorship, pp. 266-75)
-------. Code of Wartime Practices for the American Press. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off, 1942. 6p. U37
Handbook outlining the rules for voluntary censorship of the American press during World War II. The first edition appeared 15 June 1942. Revised editions were issued 1 February 1943, 1 December 1943, and 15 May 1945. (Reprinted in Summers, Wartime Censorship, pp. 259-66, and as Publication no. 72 of the Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri)
-------. Code of Wartime Practices for the American Press and Radio. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1945. 4p. U38
"This Code covers everything published--newspapers, press services, periodicals, magazines, books, newsletters, reports, directories, almanacs, trade and financial papers and all else--and everything broadcast by standard, point-to-point nonmilitary, frequency modulation, facsimile and television stations and all else in the United States. This is the guide by which you are expected to censor your own operations." This edition reflects changes resulting from victory in Europe and combines the previous separate editions for press and radio.
-------. A Report on the Office of Censorship. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1945. 54p. (Historical Reports on War Administration, Office of Censorship, series I) U39
Official history of U.S. government censorship in World War II. Introduction by Byron Price, director of the Office of Censorship.
-------. Rules for Operating Companies. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1942. 11p. U40
Instructions for operating overseas cable and radio circuits and affiliated landwire companies concerned with international traffic under wartime censorship.
-------. U.S. Cable and Radio Censorship Regulations. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1942. 7p. U41
Includes a list of subjects forbidden for transmission during wartime.
-------. U.S. Postal Censorship Regulations. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1942. 5p. U42
Wartime restrictions on mail and films to foreign countries.
-------. U.S. Radiotelephone Censorship Regulations. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1942. 3p. U43
Wartime code of restrictions on international radiotelephone calls.
United States. Commerce Department. Self Regulation in Advertising. A Report on the Operations of Private Enterprise in an Important Area of Public Responsibility. Submitted by the Advertising Advisory Committee to the Secretary of Commerce. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Commerce. [1964?]. 105p. U44
"The immediate purpose of this document is to provide, for the first time, a clear, accurate report of the many types of activities, instituted and carried out by private businessmen, which operate in our society to regulate American advertising. . . . What you find here is a factual record of the efforts of literally thousands of responsible men--advertisers, agencies, farm publications, magazines, newspapers, TV and radio stations and networks, trade associations, and industry groups--to set up standards, maintain controls, and operate advertising in the public interest."
United States. Congress. House of Representatives. Proceedings of the House of Representatives of the United States, with Respect to the Petitions Praying for a Repeal of the Alien and Sedition Laws; including the Report of a Select Committee, and the Speeches of Messrs. Gallatin and Nicholas, Thereon. Philadelphia, Printed by J. Gales, 1799. 34p. (Also in Annals of Congress, 5th Cong., 3d sess. and, with commentary, in Leonard W. Levy, Freedom of the Press from Zenger to Jefferson, pp. 171-86) U45
A debate over the Sedition Act of 1798, with the Federalists represented in the majority report by Chauncey Goodrich of Connecticut and the Republicans in the minority report by John Nicholas of Virginia. Levy writes of the debate (p. 171): "In their opposition the Republicans were driven to originate so broad a theory of freedom of expression that the concept of seditious libel was at last repudiated, common-law concepts were abandoned, and the overt-acts test was advocated in order to protect all political opinion."
-------. Report on Freedom of the Mails by Representative William Kellogg. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1863. 15p. (House Report 51, 37th Cong., 3d sess.) U46
Relates to the Postmaster General's authority over mailable matter.
-------. Resolution on Freedom of the Mails by Representative J. A. Bingham. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1863. 15p. (House Document 16, 37th Cong., 3d sess.) U47
Relates to the Postmaster General's authority over mailable matter.
-------. "Resolutions Declaring the Sedition Law of 1798 a Violation of the Constitution"]. In Gales & Seaton's Register of Debates in Congress, 1827-28, vol. 4, pt. I, col. 859, 24 December 1827. (20th Cong., 2d sess.) U48 §
The resolution, introduced by James Hamilton, Jr. of Charleston, S.C., also provided for a restoration of the fines paid by those convicted under the Act. A review in the May 1829 issue of Southern Review stated: "We have always considered that adequate atonement was not made for the violation of the Constitution of the United States, perpetuated by the passing of the . . . Sedition Law, in the mere fact of its being permitted to expire by its own limitation; and that effective securities ought to be obtained against any effort, in future, to make what are generally called political libels, punishable by the authority of the United States, and consequently, cognizable in the Federal Courts."
-------. "The Sedition Law." In Annals of the Congress of the United States. (2 December 1799 to 3 March 1801). Washington, D.C., Gales & Seaton, 1851. pp. 404-26; 916-40; 946-76. (6th Cong.) U49
Congressional debate on the controversial Sedition Act which was aimed at silencing criticism of the federal government.
United States. Congress. House of Representatives. Education Committee. Federal Motion Picture Commission; Briefs and Statements Filed with the Committee on Education, on H.R. 456 to Create a New Division of the Bureau of Education, to be Known as the Federal Motion Picture Commission and Defining Its Powers and Duties. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1916. 65p. (64th Cong., 1st sess.) U50
A second Congressional proposal to create federal controls over motion pictures.
-------. [Federal Motion Picture Commission] Hearings on H.R. 456. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1916. 303p. (64th Cong., 1st sess.) U51
-------. Minority Views to Accompany H.R. 15462, Submitted by Mr. F. W. Dallinger. [Re: Motion Picture Commission]. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1916. 5p. (House Report 697, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) U52
"In our opinion every reasonable protection to the public morals can be secured by the proper exercise of the local police power supplemented by the amendment to the Federal Penal Code. . . . The extraordinary power vested in the commission proposed to be created by this bill will not only prove ineffective to protect public morals . . . but it is utterly un-American in its character."
-------. Motion Picture Commission. Hearings on H. Res. 14805 and H. Res. 14895 to Establish a Federal Motion Picture Commission. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1914. 234p. (63d Cong., 3d sess.) U53
The first congressional consideration of a federal Commission to control motion pictures.
-------. Proposed Federal Motion Picture Commission. Hearings . . . on H.R. 4094 and H.R. 6233, . . . Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1926. 467p. (69th Cong., 1st sess.) U54
-------. Report [on Resolutions to Establish a Federal Motion Picture Commission]. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1914. 3p. (House Report 1411, 63d Cong., 3d sess.) U55
The Committee recommended unanimously the creation of a federal board for movie censorship.
-------. Report to Accompany H.R. 15462, Submitted by Mr. D. M. Hughes [Re: Motion Picture Commission]. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1916. 5p. (64th Cong., 1st sess.) U56
The majority of the Committee recommended the passage of the bill regulating motion pictures "for the protection of the public, and particularly the children, against vicious and immoral pictures." The measure, according to the report, "has the endorsement of leading producers of motion picture films and others engaged in the industry."
United States. Congress. House of Representatives. Education and Labor Committee. Subcommittee on Special Education. Commission on Noxious Printed and Pictured Material. Hearings . . . on H.R. 11454, A Bill to Establish a Commission on Noxious Printed and Pictured Material. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1960. 160p. (86th Cong., 2d sess.) U57
Statements by Francis R. Cawley, president of Magazine Publishers' Association; Monsignor Thomas J. Fitzgerald, NODL; Congressmen E. C. Gathings, James C. Oliver, Edward H. Rees; psychologists Eberhard and Phyllis Kronhausen; Senator Karl E. Mundt; James R. Norris, Jr., assistant attorney general of Maryland; Lawrence Speiser of the American Civil Liberties Union, and others.
United States. Congress. House of Representatives. Foreign Affairs Committee. Expressing the Sense of the Congress Desiring Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Press in Countries Receiving Mutual Security Aid. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1959. 4p. (House Report 542, 86th Cong., 1st sess.) U58
-------. World Freedom of News. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1945. 37p. (Committee Print, 79th Cong.) U59
A collection of articles, resolutions and other data gathered by the Committee.
United States. Congress. House of Representatives. Government Operations Committee. Availability of Information from Federal Departments and Agencies. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1956-59. 17 pts. (84th Cong., 1st sess. through 86th Cong., 1st sess.) U60
Hearings were held to investigate charges that executive agencies have denied or withheld public information from newspapers, radio, television, and other communication media, from qualified research workers, and from the Congress. Part 1 consists of a panel discussion with editors, including statements from Joseph Alsop, Jr., William L. Beale, Jr., Hugh Boyd, Harold L. Cross (counsel for the American Society of Newspaper Editors), Guy Easterly, Theodore F. Koop, Clark Mollenhoff, V. M. Newton, Jr., Wade H. Nichols, James S. Pope, James Reston, Richard W. Slocum, and J. R. Wiggins. Part 3 is a panel discussion with legal experts; parts 4 and 15 deal with scientific and technical information; part 12 is a panel discussion with government lawyers. Other parts deal with specific executive departments.
-------. Availability of Information from Federal Departments and Agencies (Air Force Refusal to the General Accounting Office). Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1959. 121p. (House Report 234, 86th Cong., 1st sess.) U61
-------. Availability of Information from Federal Departments and Agencies (Department of Defense). Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1958. 295p. (House Report 1884, 85th Cong., 2d sess.) U62 §
A report submitted by the special subcommittee on Government Information following 15 days of hearings and testimony from 72 witnesses, developing from charges in an earlier report (House Report 2947) that "information policies and practices of the Department are the most restrictive--and at the same time the most confused--of any major branch of the Federal Government." The report covers attitudes of officials, censorship practices of the several services, administrative secrecy, news leaks, security classification and declassification, and the providing of information to Congress. "Under the prevailing attitude in the Pentagon, [the report concludes] an employee must justify the release of even the most innocuous nonsecurity information. Unless this attitude is reversed . . . Congress will face the difficult task of framing suitable legislation to guarantee the public's right to know--a right so obviously fundamental to our form of government that it should require no legislative protection."
-------. Availability of Information from Federal Departments and Agencies. (The First Five Years and Progress of Study, August 1959-July 1960). Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1960. 222p. (House Report 2084, 86th Cong., 2d sess.) U63
"The 5-year summary of the subcommittee's work indicates that a significant trend has, indeed, developed--that a sweeping claim of 'executive privilege' is advanced as justification, in spite of laws to the contrary, to deny Congress and the public any information which executive branch officials prefer to hide."
-------. Availability of Information from Federal Departments and Agencies (Navy Refusal to the General Accounting Office). Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1960. 57p. (House Report 1224, 86th Cong., 2d sess.) U64
-------. Availability of Information from Federal Departments and Agencies (Progress of Study, February 1957-July 1958). Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1958. 243p. (House Report 2578, 85th Cong., 2d sess.) U65
This report covers three areas of special interest--a study of continued complaints that military officials are assuming police power at military accident sites in civilian areas outside their jurisdiction; a partial study of specific restrictions on information to Congress; and a study of the availability of information about federal loan programs.
-------. Availability of Information from Federal Departments and Agencies. (Progress of Study, July-December 1960). Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1961. 197p. (House Report 818, 87th Cong., 1st sess.) U66
Included in the report is an analysis of the Executive Order establishing the system of restriction on military information and a case study of a dramatic resolution of an attempt to use the claim of executive privilege to withhold information from Congress. Of the 28 cases discussed in the report, definite improvement is reported in 11 instances.
-------. Availability of Information from Federal Departments and Agencies. (Progress of Study, January-August 1961). Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1961. 191p. (House Report 1257, 87th Cong., 1st sess.) U67
This report covers the attempt to clear up past information problems as well as efforts to remove new information restrictions which arose during the first 8 months of the Kennedy Administration. Summaries of 34 information cases are presented.
-------. Availability of Information from Federal Departments and Agencies. (Progress of Study, Sept. 1961-Dec. 1962). Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1963. 223p. (House Report 918, 88th Cong., 1st sess.) U68
"The effect of the Cuban crisis on government information policies was probably the most important, and certainly the most controversial, development in this area for the past several years. . . . The specific items described in this report generally are of two types. Most of them involve subcommittee investigation into complaints about specific incidents of information withholding. With some exceptions, the other developments resulted from positive congressional action, either in the form of an expression of congressional will through legislation or by active subcommittee participation in the formulation of new information policies. Of the 40 cases included in this report, restrictions were removed or information policies were otherwise improved in . . . 34 instances."
-------. Availability of Information from Federal Departments and Agencies (Scientific Information and National Defense). Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1958. 94p. (House Report 1619, 85th Cong., 2d sess.) U69
The report supports "the conclusion that excessive secrecy regulations--issused in the name of national security--have stifled the Nation's scientific progress."
-------. Availability of Information from Federal Departments and Agencies (Telephone Monitoring). Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off, 1961. 39p. (House Report 1215, 87th Cong., 1st sess.) U70
-------. Clarifying and Protecting the Right of the Public to Information. Report to Accompany S. 1160. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 14p. (House Report 1497, 89th Cong., 1st sess.) U71
-------. Executive Branch Practices in Withholding Information from Congressional Committees. Hearing . . . Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1960. 48p. (86th Cong., 2d sess.) U72
An investigation into the delay by the State Department in supplying information requested by Congress, which "can be for all practical purposes tantamount to denial of information requested."
-------. Executive Branch Practices in Withholding Information from Congressional Committees. Report. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1960. 16p. (House Report 2207, 86th Cong., 2d sess.) U73
-------. Federal Public Records Law. Hearings . . . Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1965. 528p. (2 pts.) (89th Cong., 1st sess.) U74
Includes testimony, statements, and letters from members of the press, bar and press associations, American Civil Liberties Union, representative government agencies. Concerns bills to amend the law with respect to authority of federal officers and agencies to withhold information and limit availability of records.
-------. Federal Statutes on the Availability of Information. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1960. 303p. (Committee Print, 86th Cong., 2d sess.) U75
A compilation of federal statutes that control the gathering, keeping, and disseminating information by the government. The list is arranged in three major groupings: statutes on information to Congress, statutes on information for other public officials, and statutes affecting the availability of information to the public.
-------. Freedom of Information Legislation during the 85th Congress. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1958. 24p. (Committee Print, 85th Cong., 2d sess.) U76
A summary of activities of the Moss Committee, appointed to investigate specific complaints of the withholding of timely and pertinent information by federal executive and independent agencies. This is a summary of the five reports adopted by the full committee.
-------. Government Information Plans and Policies. Hearings . . . Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1963. 5 pts. (88th Cong., 1st sess.) U77
Part 1, News media panel discussion (19 March 1963), Department of State and Department of Defense (25 March 1963). Part 2, Office of Emergency Planning (5 June 1963). Part 3, Information Procedures in the Department of Defense (27-28 May 1963). Part 4, Vietnam News Coverage (24 May 1963). Part 5, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (23 May and 6 June 1963).
-------. Government News from Anonymous Sources. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1964. 12p. (Committee Print, 88th Cong., 2d sess.) U78
"The study developed two basic conclusions: (1) that the anonymous news source can be useful in making more information available to the public, or (2) it can be a self-serving device to convey distorted information which the public seldom can evaluate."
-------. Investigation of Charges that Proposed Security Regulations under Executive Order 9835 Will Limit Free Speech and a Free Press. Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Expenditures in the Executive Departments. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1948. 68p. (80th Cong., 2d sess.) U79
-------. Overseas Military Information Programs. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1962. 144p. (House Report 1549, 87th Cong., 2d sess.) U80
The study found duplication of communications services in several areas and a lack of centralized administrative authority and responsibility which makes more difficult the task of eliminating possible information conflicts between the armed forces and official policies of the United States.
-------. The Right of Congress to Obtain Information from the Executive and from Other Agencies of the Federal Government. Study by the Staff of the Committee on Government Operations. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1956. 26p. (Committee Print, 84th Cong., 2d sess.) U81
Consideration of the right of Congress to obtain information from federal agencies, department heads, and their subordinates, and the judicial determination of this right. The report concludes that "if Congress can grant control over public records and documents by statute it follows that it can also regulate the release of such information and, in fact, require the release of such information by the heads of the agencies upon terms and conditions prescribed by the Congress."
-------. Safeguarding Official Information in the Interests of the Defense of the United States (The Status of Executive Order 10501). Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1962. 48p. (House Report 2456, 87th Cong., 2d sess.) U82
"This current study is concerned with the procedures under which the Federal Government imposes necessary restrictions on the availability of sensitive defense information in the face of the democratic ideal that the public has a right and a need to know the facts of government. These considerations are embodied in Executive Order 10501 (18 F. R. 7049) and its amendments. . . . After a careful study of the use of the new order, the House Government Operations Committee concluded that it embodied a 'negative' approach by giving blanket authority to hundreds of agencies . . . to classify information as important to the Nation's security and to withhold it from the public."
-------. United States Information Problems in Vietnam. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1963. 14p. (House Report 797, 88th Cong., 1st sess.) U83
"The restrictive U.S. press policy in Vietnam--drafted in the State Department's public relations office by an official with an admitted distrust of the people's right to know--unquestionably contributed to the lack of information about conditions in Vietnam which created an international crisis. Instead of hiding the facts from the American public, the State Department should have done everything possible to expose the true situation to full view."
United States. Congress. House of Representatives. Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee. Amending Section 315 of the Communications Act of 1934. Report of the Committee . . . Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1959. 34p. (House Report 802, 86th Cong.) U84
Section 315 provides for equal broadcast time for political candidates.
-------. Broadcast Advertisements; Hearings . . . on H.R. 8316, 8381, 8729, 8896, 8980, and 9042. November 6, 7, and 8, 1963. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1963. 381p. (88th Cong., 1st sess.) U85
Bills to amend the Communications Act of 1934 to prohibit the FCC from making certain rules relating to the length or frequency of broadcast advertising.
-------. Broadcast Editorializing; Hearings . . . on Broadcast Editorializing Practices, July 15-Sept. 20, 1963. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1964. 458p. (88th Cong., 1st sess.) U86
"The purpose of the hearing is to ascertain for the record the practices being pursued by radio and television broadcast stations with regard to editorializing, whether or not legislation is needed on the subject, and if so, the approach that should be followed. . . . The matter was brought into focus in the recent past in the actions of a Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission advocating editorializing by radio and television stations. Some station owners felt that this was a good policy and one that should be followed. Others, I am advised, felt that it was an infringement upon their freedom of action, that they and they alone should make the determination as to the editorial policies, and that their failure to editorialize should not be considered in the renewal of their license."-Chairman Walter Rogers. Testimony includes that of representatives of the radio and television networks and stations, the FCC, the Congress, and the American Civil Liberties Union. Includes text of FCC report on editorializing and the fairness doctrine adopted in 1949.
-------. Communications Act Amendments. Hearings . . . January 31-April 19, 1956. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1956. 360p. (84th Cong.) U87
Testimony and documents relating to Section 315 of the Communications Act of 1934, the National Association of Broadcasters' station survey dealing with libel and slander, and the text of libel and slander laws of the various states.
-------. Equal-Time Amendments to Communications Act of 1934. Report. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1959. 20p. (House Report 1069, 86th Cong.) U88
-------. Investigation of Radio and Television Programs. Hearings on H. Res. 278. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1952. 493p. (82nd Cong., 2d sess.) U89 §
-------. Investigation of Radio and Television Programs. Report pursuant to H. Res. 278. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1952. 15p. (House Report 2509, 82nd Cong., 2d sess.) U90
The report on the extent to which radio and television programs contain immoral or otherwise offensive matter, or place improper emphasis upon crime, violence, and corruption. The committee believes that self-regulation by the industry is preferable to government-imposed regulation and that there is no good reason why controls should be imposed at this time. The report recommends that industry be given more time to solve its own problems but that Congress make continued studies of the issues.
-------. Motion-Picture Films (Compulsory Block Booking and Blind Selling). Hearing . . . on S. 280 . . . Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1940. 1139p. (2 pts.) (76th Cong., 3d sess.) U91
-------. Motion-Picture Films. Hearing . . . on Bills to Prohibit and Prevent Trade Practices Known as Compulsory Block-booking and Blind Selling in Leasing of Motion Picture Films in Interstate and Foreign Commerce, March 9-26, 1936. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1936. 526p. (74th Cong., 2d sess.) U92
-------. Political Broadcasts--Equal Time. Hearings . . . June 29-July 1, 1959. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1959. 277p. (86th Cong., 1st sess.) U93
Hearings on an amendment to the Communications Act of 1934 to modify "equal time" provisions in political broadcasts.
-------. Political Broadcasts--Equal Time. Hearings . . . March 4-22, 1963. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1963. 188p. (88th Cong.) U94
-------. Prohibiting Certain Coercive Practices Affecting Radio Broadcasting. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off, 1946. l0p., 2p. (House Report 1508, 79th Cong., 2d sess.) U95
Relates to alleged coercive methods taken in the name of the American Federation of Musicians. The report recommends amending Title V of the Communications Act of 1934 to prohibit such practices. Congressman Vito Marcantonio, in a minority report, objects to the proposal as "anti-labor."
-------. Proposed Changes in the Communications Act of 1934. Hearings. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1942. 3 vols. (77th Cong., 2d sess.) U96
Includes testimony of broadcasting officials and a memorandum of C.B.S. wartime standards for sponsored news programs.
-------. Regulation of Community Antenna Television. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Communications and Power . . . on H.R. 7715. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1965. 534p. (89th Cong., 1st sess.) U97
-------. Suspension of Equal Time Provisions of Communications Act for 1964 Presidential Campaign. Report . . . to Accompany H.J. Res. 247. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1963. 7p. (House Report 359, 88th Cong.) U98
United States. Congress. House of Representatives. Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee. Subcommittee on Legislative Oversight. Regulation of Broadcasting; Half a Century of Government Regulation of Broadcasting and the Need for Further Legislative Action. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1958. 171p. (Subcommittee print, 85th Cong., 2d sess., prepared by Robert S. McMahon; excerpted in Journal of Broadcasting, Winter, 1958-59) U99
United States. Congress. House of Representatives. Judiciary Committee. Birth Control; Hearings . . . on H.R. 5978, Jan. 18, 19, 1934. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1934. 245p. (73d Cong., 2d sess.) U100
-------. Censorship between Territories and the United States. Report (to Accompany H.R. 7151). Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1952. 3p. (House Report 2397) U101
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