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Steigleman, Walter A. "Newspaper Confidence Laws--Their Extent and Provisions." Journalism Quarterly, 20:230-36, September 1943. S607
-------. The Newspaperman and the Law. Dubuque, Iowa, W. C. Brown, 1950. 427p. S608
Stein, Fritz. The Censoring of Books in the United States. Cleveland, Western Reserve University, 1955. 98p. (Unpublished Master's thesis) S609
Steinberg, Morton. "Only a Free Press Can Enable Democracy to Function." Journalism Quarterly, 23:11-19, March 1946. S610
Steiner, Bernard C. "Andrew Hamilton and John Peter Zenger." Pennsylvania Magazine, 20:405-8, 1896. S611
Newly uncovered biographical data on John Peter Zenger and his lawyer, Andrew Hamilton, in the famous New York libel trial.
Steiner, Franklin. "Exclusion of the Truth Seeker." Truth Seeker, 45:634-35, 5 October 1918. S612
Several issues of the Truth Seeker were excluded from the mails for criticizing the YMCA on the grounds that this organization is part of the military establishment of the United States and to criticize it during wartime is an act of sedition.
-------. "Genesis of Joseph." Truth Seeker, 44:695, 3 November 1917. S613
Deals with the prosecution of the editor of the Twin City Reporter, Minneapolis, for publishing a "blasphemous" poem entitled "The Ballad of Joseph."
-------. "Old Bailey Prisoners; an Account of Some Who Went There a Generation Ago as 'Blasphemers.'" Truth Seeker, 44:769-70, 8 December 1917. S614 §
Deals mainly with the case of G. W. Foote and reproduces his portrait.
-------. "Purity Law vs. Free Press." Truth Seeker, 43:150, 4 March 1916; 43:166, 11 March 1916; 43:182, 18 March 1916; 43:198, 25 March 1916; 43:214, 1 April 1916. S615 §
The issue of 4 March deals with a general discussion of obscenity, "an undefined crime, but generally involving unorthodox opinion"; the 11 March issue discusses the work of Anthony Comstock, including the Bennett and Heywood cases; the issues for 18 and 25 March consider the censorship practices of the Catholic Church, including the attacks on J. J. Crowley and The Menace; the 1 April issue considers the Catholic boycott (pressure on advertisers) against Thomas E. Watson's Jeffersonian and Watson's Jeffersonian Magazine. The article about Watson was reprinted in Watson's Jeffersonian Magazine, July 1916.
Steiner, George. "Night Words." EnCounter, 25:14-19, October 1965. S616 §
The present danger to freedom of literature "is not censorship or verbal reticence. The danger lies in the facile contempt which the erotic novelist exhibits for his readers, for his personages, and for the language . . . It is not a new freedom that they bring, but a new servitude."
Stella, Stefanie R. Subversive Literature and Unofficial Censorship . . . A Study of Organized Patriotic Groups' Tactics and Philosophy, 1960-62. Chapel Hill, N.C., University of North Carolina, 1965. 67p. (Unpublished Master's thesis) S617
Stephen, Sir James F. "Blasphemy and Blasphemous Libel." Fortnightly Review, 35 (n.s.):289-318, March 1884. S618
Justice Stephen discusses the origin and interpretations of the present (1844) law of blasphemy and blasphemous libel and calls for its repeal.
-------. History of Criminal Law in England. London, 1883. 3 vols. S619
Commentary on English criminal law by one of Britiain's leading jurists. In chapters 24 and 25 (vol. 3) he summarizes the development of law on seditious libel and blasphemy. He cites noteworthy statutes and court decisions from the sixteenth century to date of publication. Included are brief comparisons of English libel law with French and German law.
-------. Liberty, Equality, Fraternity. London, Smith, Elder, 1873. 350p. S620
In chapter 2 the author answers John Stuart Mill's Essay on Liberty. He declares that Mill is naïve to urge toleration of a variety of opinion and free discussion, for such toleration will give rise to fanatics who, when they get to power, will not tolerate the tolerant.
Stephen, Sir Leslie. "The Suppression of Poisonous Opinions." Nineteenth Century, 13:493-508, March 1883; 13:653-66, April 1883. S621
It may be right, say some utilitarians, to suppress a poisonous opinion when the evil of opinion is measured by the corruption of a whole social order. Sir Leslie suggests that "criminal laws should not be brought into play to punish people for outrages upon good taste, but only for directly inciting to violence. The fact that an opinion is offensive to a majority is so far a reason for leaving it to public opinion, which in most cases is perfectly capable of taking care of itself; and we are certainly not impartial or really tolerant till we are equally anxious to punish one of the majority for insulting the minority."
Stephens, Alexander. Memoirs of John Horne Tooke. London, J. Johnson, 1813. 2 vols. S622
Biography of the English theologian, political agitator, and philologist. Tooke was involved in several incidents relating to freedom of the press, including the defense of John Wilkes and opposition to the stamp tax. In 1794 he was tried for treason for publishing tracts advocating parliamentary reform; he was acquitted with the forensic aid of Thomas Erskine.
Stephens, Harmon B. "The Relation of the Motion Picture to Changing Moral Standards." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 128:151-57, November 1928. S623 §
The recreation of the young can never be safely left to commercial exploitation. Regulation cannot be left to the industry for its self-cleansing has not been entirely effective.
Stephenson, William. F.O.I. As People See It. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1965. 4p. (Publication no. 144) S624 §
A summary of the author's study of what the public thinks of press freedom, freedom of information, and the "people's right to know." The information was gathered by a combination of "free-talk" and questionnaire (Q-sort).
Stern, J. David. "The Free Press: An Obit." Fact, 1(3):53-59, May-June 1964. S625 §
A publisher looks back at how newspaper monopolists--himself among them--turned the voice of the press into a chorus of castrati. "Whatever the causes, this change from a competitive to a monopoly press is unhealthy, sinister. It is making a travesty of our vaunted freedom of the press."
Stern, Philip V. "More on Censorities." Saturday Review of Literature, 27(31):13-14, 29 July 1944. S626
The general manager of Editions for the Armed Services, Inc., charges that certain newspapers and magazines containing political material can be distributed to the troops while political material in book form is forbidden.
Stern, Robert H. The Federal Communications Commission and Television: the Regulatory Process in an Environment of Rapid Technical Innovation. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University, 1951. 368p. (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation) S627
Sterry, Ernest V. "Blasphemous Libel." Canadian Bar Review, 5:362-65, May 1927. S628
Charge to the jury by Judge Coatsworth in the case of King v. Ernest V. Sterry, 1927. Sterry was convicted and given a prison sentence for publishing and distributing a paper libeling God and the Bible.
[Stevens, Abel.]. "The Devil in Literature." National Magazine, 2:124-28, 1853. S629
The author is a Methodist clergyman.
[-------]. "Licentiousness in the Fine Arts." National Magazine, 6:422-24, 1855. S630
[-------]. "Satanic Literature." National Magazine, 2:25-28, 1853. S631
Stevens, Leonard A. "The Top-Secret Mania." Nation, 197:218-21, 12 October 1963. S632
The misuse of Executive Order 10501 in the unnecessary restriction of scientific data and the cover-up of errors, waste, and inefficiency.
Stevenson, Adlai E. "Suppression of News." In his New America, edited by Seymour E. Harris, et al. New York, Harper, 1957, pp. 203-6. S633
In a presidential campaign speech in Philadelphia, 18 April 1956, Stevenson spoke of the suppression of public information by the Eisenhower Administration. "I think it is pretty plain that there is today greater suppression of public information by the national government than there has ever been in the history of this country, except in time of war." He offers two solutions: more and better leg work by the working press instead of dependence upon government news handouts, and support of his candidacy for President.
-------, and Barry Bingham. "Two Tributes to Elijah Lovejoy." Quill, 41(1):10-11, 16 January 1953. (Reprinted in Stevenson, What I Think. New York, Harper, 1956, pp. 153-56) S634
The governor of Illinois and the editor of the Louisville Courier-Journal spoke at Alton, Ill., at the dedication of a Sigma Delta Chi memorial tablet to the memory of the abolitionist editor.
[Stevenson, Duncan]. Report of Trial of the Issues, in the Action of Damages for Libel in the Beacon, James Gibson of Ingliston, Esq. Clerk to the Signet-Pursuer against Duncan Stevenson, Printer in Edinburgh--Defender. Edinburgh, Archibald Constable, 1822. 139p. S635
The proprietor of the Beacon was found guilty of publishing a libelous letter suggesting improprieties in handling of a forgery case.
Stevenson, E. R. "What Is Freedom of the Press?" Special Libraries, 32:205-8. July-August 1941. S636
A newspaper editor discusses freedom in wartime. Freedom of the press belongs to the people as a basic right in a democracy. "Fight for it against the government if need be; fight for it against any newspaper, if need be."
Stewart, Alva W. "North Carolina's Gag Law." Christian Century, 81:1336-38, 28 October 1964. S637
Stewart, George. "The Catholic Question in Canada. II. The Index Expurgatorius in Quebec." Arena, 17:747-51, April 1897. S638
"The Index is apowerful weapon with which to scourge the recalcitrant." It is more frequently used and more potent in Quebec than in Europe. It may mean social and economic ruin to those who defy it.
Stewart, Gilbert W., Jr. "World Threat to A Free Press." Quill, 39(7):5-7, 20-21, July 1951. S639
A discussion of the efforts within the United Nations for American standards of a free press and the rebuffs these efforts have met.
Stewart, Herbert L. "Freedom of Speech in Wartime." Dalhousie Review, 20:114-20, April 1940. S640
A defense of wartime restrictions on freedom of speech and the press in Canada. While freedom of discussion is essential during an election, once a decision is reached democratically the course of truth is not served by unlimited debate.
Stewart, Irvin. "The Public Control of Radio." Air Law Review, 8:131-52, April 1937. S641
Stewart, James. "Censorship in Canada." Food for Thought, 10:4-8, March 1950. S642
Official censorship in Canada now operates in two well-defined fields. The first is the federal organization under the Department of National Revenue which censors publications entering Canada. The second is that exercised under the Criminal Code, which is administered by the Attorneys-General of the individual provinces.
Stewart, Kenneth. "Freedom to Read: Newspapers." Survey Graphic, 35:452-55, 513-14, December 1946. S643
A newspaper editor warns that this is no time in world history to take freedom of the American press for granted. He considers that the threat to a free press is from monopoly of newspaper ownership, concentration in national and international news gathering, and profit making. "If Americans want to speak to the rest of the world, we must make sure that our newspapers--and the agencies which represent us to the world--speak forall of our own people."
Stewart, Lucy. "What Do the Censors Want?" Adult, 2:232-34, September 1898. S644 §
Criticizes suppression of The Adult,a journal devoted to combating sex ignorance, while cheap and lascivious works are allowed to be freely distributed.
Stewart, Nathaniel. "Georgia Challenge." Wilson Library Bulletin, 16:166-67, October 1941. S645
A letter protesting against the statement by Governor Talmadge of Georgia who had urged the burning of books dealing with the betterment of race relations.
Stewart, William. John Lennox and the "Greenock Newsclout." A Fight against the Taxes on Knowledge. Glasgow, James Maclehose, 1918. 44p. S646
"Against these taxes [on knowledge], John Lennox, first at Dumbarton and then at Greenock, for a period covering roughly a score of years, waged deliberate and uncompromising war. It was not only the Government that he had to convince of the vexatious character and anti-social effect of these taxes, but many even of the newspaper owners." Some of the proprietors actually drafted a memorial to Parliament opposing the remission of the tax as lowering the character of the press.
"Stifling War Correspondents." Literary Digest, 49:585-87, 589, 16 September 1914. S647
Stigler, George J. "United States v. Lowe's Inc., A Note on Block-Booking." In The Supreme Court Review. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1963, pp. 152-57. S648
The author examines the economic practices of block-booking of movies in light of the recent case, United States v. Lowe's Inc., 371 U.S. 38, 52 (1962), in which the Court again struck down the practice as the compounding of a statutorily conferred monopoly.
"Still More Censorship--Case of H. L. Mencken." Virginia Law Review, 12:35-39, May 1926. S649
A discussion of the "Hatrack" case involving censorship of Mencken's American Mercury in Boston.
Stillman, James W. Rhode Island Justice. Boston, The Author, 1912. 27p. S650
The article relates to the case of Joseph C. Moore v. James W. Stillman,asking for damages for an alleged libel published in the Westerly Times, 26 August 1905.
Stilwell, Clara, pseud. "America's Schoolbook Scandal." Christian Herald, 73:17-18+, September 1950. (Reprinted in Daniel, Censorship of Books, pp. 135-38) S651 §
A textbook editor reveals the many pressures brought by interest groups on publishers to omit, include, or slant school textbooks, and the politics that sometimes enters into "state adoption."
Stockbridge, Frank P. "Censorship War Raging in Washington." American Press, 50(1):1, 40, October 1931. S652
Newspaper correspondents are asking for investigation of charges that officials in Washington are trying to muzzle the press. The writer believes the conservative views of the Hoover administration and the liberal views of some of the young correspondents, both sides honest, have come into conflict. But from their clashes "is bound to come the truth of the matter as the truth eventually comes out."
[Stockdale, John]. Four Letters on the Subject of Mr. Stockdale's Trial for a Supposed Libel on the House of Commons. By "A Briton." London, 1790. 52p. S653
[-------]. Nightingale versus Stockdale. Report of the Trial in an Action for a Libel, Contained in a Review of the "Portraiture of Methodism:" Tried at Guildhall, before the Right Hon. Lord Ellenborough, and a Special Jury, Saturday, March 11, 1809 . . . London, Johnson, 1809. 99p. S654
A review in the Annual Register for 1807 stated: "The Methodists may be fools but their present historian is obviously a knave." Mr. Stockdale, publisher of the Annual Register, was fined $200.
[-------]. Vindication of the Privilege of the People, Respect to the Constitutional Right of Free Discussion. London, Stockdale, 1796. 80p. S655
-------. The Whole Proceedings on the Trial of an Information Exhibited Ex Officio, by the King's Attorney General, against John Stockdale; for a Libel on the House of Commons, Tried in the Court of King's-Bench, Westminster, on Wednesday, the Ninth of December, 1789, before the Right Hon. Lloyd Lord Kenyon, Chief Justice of England. Taken in Short-Hand by Joseph Gurney. To Which Is Subjoined, an Argument in Support of the Rights of Juries. London, Printed for John Stockdale, 1790. 228p. (Various editions of the trial were published in England and Ireland. The trial is also reported in Thomas Erskine, Speeches, vol. 2, pp. 205-88) S656
Stockdale, a London bookseller, was brought to trial on the complaint of Mr. Fox for publishing the Rev. Mr. Logan's pamphlet, A Review of the Principal Charges against Warren Hastings, Esquire, Late Governor General of Bengal.The pamphlet was in defense of Mr. Hastings and implied criticism of Parliament in handling the impeachment. Thomas Erskine's plea for the defense embodied many of the liberal principles of free speech and rights of juries in libel trials, for which he became famous. His ideas on the latter were embodied in the Fox Libel Act, passed two years later. Judge Kenyon instructed the jury to "look at the whole book" in passing judgment. Stockdale was acquitted. Attached to this edition is Erskine's argument, in the trial of the Dean of St. Asaph, regarding libels.
Stockdale, Percival. A Letter to a Gentleman of the Philanthropick Society; on the Liberty of the Press. London, Jordan, 1794. 28p. S657
The letter from this English author and poet was occasioned by refusal of the Society to publish his work containing sentiments "obnoxious to an English printing-office." The work, a satire on the Bishop of Durham, exposed spiritual wickedness in high places. Stockdale attacks the existing censorship as an offense against the "indisputable liberties of Englishmen." It is not clear whether the Society was actually a threat to the freedom of the press or merely exercised its prerogative of rejecting an unsuitable manuscript.
Stocker, Bram. "Censorship of Fiction." Nineteenth Century, 64:479-87, September 1908. S658
The author of Dracula, while deploring censorship, believes that the lack of restraint in modern fiction may require it. If no other method can be found to eradicate the "plague-spot" in fiction, even police censorship, as obnoxious as it is, may be inevitable.
-------. "Censorship of Stage Plays." Nineteenth Century, 66:974-89, December 1909. S659
Stocker, Joseph. "Freedom's Frightened People." Library Journal, 81:318-25, 1 February 1956. S660
Freedom's frightened people are those who look with suspicion at everything that is evidence of the human intellect. The writer comments on the Bartlesville, Okla., Public Library censorship case (his home town) and reviews the ground lost in the battle for free expression. Librarians must stand fast against censorship, loyalty oaths, and other encroachments on freedom.
Stockton, Adrian. "Books That Shocked--21: The Black Book." Books and Bookmen, 6(9):23-24, June 1961. S661
Account of attacks on Lawrence Durrell's The Black Book. (Earlier articles in the series were written by Desmond Elliott and Godfrey Harrison.)
Stokes, Anson P. Church and State in the United States . . . Introduction by Ralph Henry Gabriel. New York, Harper, 1950. 3 vols. rev. ed. by Stokes and Leo Pfeffer. New York, Harper, 1964. 3 vols. in one (660p.) S662
In this comprehensive and critical study of religious freedom, the author makes frequent reference to freedom of religious expression in the press, beginning with the foundation laid by John Milton and the Levellers in Cromwellian England. The author refers to the Lovejoy martyrdom, the work of the Federal Council of Churches, the censorship position of the Catholic Church, the action of vice societies, and the case of Jehovah's Witnesses. There are also references to blasphemy cases (including the Kneeland trial), and suppression of birth control information.
Stone, Abraham, and Harriet F. Pilpel. "Social and Legal Status of Contraception." North Carolina Law Review, 22:212-25, April 1944. S663
In the second part of the article Mrs. Pilpel reviews the prohibitions against information on birth control, from the Comstock laws of the 1870's to the present, with special attention to the restrictive laws of Connecticut and Massachusetts.
Stone, Donald L. "Press and Mail Censorship in Wartime." Editor and Publisher, 59:5-6+, 14 August 1926; 59:7-8, 21 August 1926. S664
Description of American censorship in World War I, with explanation of the rules that governed the press. A firsthand account by the chief American press censor in Paris.
Stone, E. T. "Is a Free Press Out of Date?" Bulletin, American Society of Newspaper Editors, 413:1, 8, October 1958. S665
A Seattle editor points out that the battle for freedom of the press is not for the rights of the press but the rights of the people.
Stone, Eugenia. Free Men Shall Stand. New York, Nelson, 1944. 264p. S666
Fictionized biography of John Peter Zenger.
Stone, Judy. "The Legion of Decency: What's Nude?" Ramparts, 4:43-55, September 1965. S667
A detailed and candid report on the history and operation of the Legion of Decency, film censorship agency of the Catholic Church. The author is drama critic of the San Francisco Chronicle.
Stone, Leo. "On the Principal Obscene Word of the English Language (An Inquiry, with Hypothesis, Regarding Its Origin and Persistence)." International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 35:30-56, 1954. S668
Stone, Thomas T. The Martyr of Freedom. A Discourse Delivered at East Machias, November 30, and at Machias, December 7, 1837. . . . Boston, I. Knapp, 1838. 31p. S669
A eulogy on Elijah P. Lovejoy, delivered the year following his murder in Alton, Ill., in defense of his printing press.
Stone, Wilbur M. "Emasculated Juveniles." American Book Collector, 5:77-80, March 1934. S670
Examples of nineteenth-century guardians of children's reading such as Maria and Richard Lovell Edgeworth's Practical Education, and Sarah Trimmer's magazine, The Guardian of Education, that, through their critical reviews, held a tight rein on the moral tone of children's literature.
Stone, William T. Atomic Information. Washington, D.C., Editorial Research Reports, 1953. (Editorial Research Reports, 2[15]:709-25, 1953) S671
Discusses the rising pressure against the wall of secrecy surrounding atomic data, military secrecy v. public understanding, the secrecy provisions of the Atomic Energy Act and the publicity limitations of the 1951 amendment, control of technical information, and international exchange of atomic information.
-------. Secrecy in Government. Washington, D.C., Editorial Research Reports, 1955. (Editorial Research Reports, 2:895-912, 1955) S672
Discusses complaints and investigations on suppression of news by executive agencies, information practices of federal agencies, proposals to counteract secrecy trend (i.e. press conferences and revisions of laws on access to news).
Stopes, Marie C. A Banned Play and a Preface on the Censorship. London, John Bale, 1926. 144p. S673
Relates to the banning of Mrs. Stopes's play, Vectia, in England by the Lord Chamberlain. The play deals with an undersexed male, a theme which, according to the author offended the male censor. Mrs. Stopes discusses British stage censorship in general and proposes that censorship could be made more effective against pornography and at the same time protect the serious writer if "a married woman of the world" were added to the official advisors to the Lord Chamberlain.
-------. Contraception (Birth Control) Its Theory, History and Practice; a Manual for the Medical and Legal Professions. . . . London, J. Bale & Danielsson, 1923. 418p. S674
Includes an account of the trial of Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, together with earlier and later birth control propaganda and its reception.
-------. The Evidence of Dr. Marie C. Stopes to the Royal Commission on the Press. London, The Author, 1953. 33p. S675
In her testimony before the Commission, not published in the official report, Dr. Stopes, the author of Married Loveand a leader in the birth control movement, accuses the Times and a number of other British papers of refusal to accept advertisements of her books on sex education. She proposes an act of Parliament to make consistent refusal of a legitimate advertisement of any reputable individual, society, company, or cause, as an act of libel. The report includes documents relating to the refusal to accept advertising.
Storey, Moorfield. Libel Suits of Frank P. Bennett vs. John Donohoe and Hastings & Sons Publishing Co.; Closing Argument. [Boston, 1902?]. 37p. S676
Story, Joseph. Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States. 5th ed. Edited by Melville M. Bigelow. Boston, Little, Brown, 1905. 2 vols. S677
Paragraphs 1880-91 (vol. 2) deal with liberty of the press. Judge Story criticizes the loose thinking about freedom of the press "as if its inviolability were constitutionally such, that, like the King of England, it could do no wrong and was free from every inquiry and afforded a perfect sanctuary for every abuse; that, in short, it implied a despotic sovereignty to do every sort of wrong, without the slightest accountability to private or public justice." He asks whether liberty of the press is so much more valuable than other rights of society that public safety and the very existence of government should yield to it?
The Story That Couldn't Be Printed. 10 min., b/w movie. New York, Teaching Film Custodians. (Passing Parade Series) S678
The story of the trial of John Peter Zenger. Recommended for junior high school age level; restricted to classroom use.
Stowell, Ellery C. "Courtesy to our Neighbors vs. Freedom of the Press." American Journal of International Law, 36:99-103, January 1942. S679
Discussion of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's denunciation of Time for its criticism of the Chilean president, and the implications for freedom of the press.
[Strachey, John St. Loe]. "Mr. Strachey's Speech on Demoralizing Literature." Spectator, 108:147-48, 27 January 1912. S680
John St. Loe Strachey, editor of Spectator,introduced a deputation on decency in literature to the Home Secretary, which is printed here along with an introduction. In the introduction Strachey notes that he does not personally take so extreme a view as the deputation, but agrees on the need to do something to stop the flood of obscene books. The deputation asks that books that are rightfully obscene be suppressed by police action; books that are demoralizing but not legally obscene be left to public action, including boycott. Newspapers, not covered by the deputation, should be warned that they will be treated as a public nuisance if they offend the public standard of decency. The publisher and author as well as the less culpable distributor should be indicted for obscenity violations. The deputation calls for the creation of a Joint Select Committee of the Parliament to study obscenity and for legislation to require the Home Office and the police to be more vigilant.
Straham, J. Andrew. "Is the Press Free?" Law Magazine and Review, 23 (4th ser.):83-92, February 1898. S681
English law does not afford the same freedom of discussion of private affairs as it does of public affairs. The vagueness, rather than the severity of the law, leaves the way open to considerable damage and annoyance by frivolous actions.
Straus, Ralph. The Unspeakable Curll, Being Some Account of Edmund Curll, Bookseller; to Which Is Added a Full List of His Books. London, Chapman and Hall, 1927. 322p. (Edition limited to 535 copies) S682
Edmund Curll (1675-1747) was a London bookseller who published, in addition to many works of literary importance, a number of obscene items. In 1727 he was convicted and condemned to the pillory for publishing a pornographic work, Venus in the Cloister or the Nun in her Smock.Twenty years earlier in the Read case (1708) the judge had ruled obscenity to be a matter for the ecclesiastical courts and not subject to civil law. The conviction of Curll established the misdemeanor of "obscene libel" as an offense at common law. Curll also incurred the displeasure of the Parliament when he published works involving its members.
Strauss, Leo. "Prosecution and the Art of Writing." In Chapter 2 of his book by the same title. Glencoe, Ill., Free Press, 1952, pp. 22-37. S683
The author's thesis is that the threat of persecution of the writer has resulted historically in "a peculiar technique of writing, and therewith to a peculiar type of literature, in which the truth about all crucial things is presented exclusively between the lines. That literature is addressed, not to all readers, but to trustworthyand intelligent readers only."
Strauss, Walter A. "Sense and Nonsense in Censorship." Emory University Quarterly, 20:183-86, Fall 1964. S684
Law and literature speak a different language in considering obscenity. Law wants a quantitative yardstick; literature wants qualitative evaluation. Law is by nature protective and conservative; the arts are aggressive and rebellious. The author defines "obscene" as being that which goes counter to accepted standards of propriety at a given time and place; an erotic work is one which gives serious consideration to physical love; a pornographic work is the degradation and distortion of the erotic. In a healthy society, obscenity should be met with laughter, pornography with a yawn.
Street, A. L. H. "Right to Regulate Objectionable Performances in Theaters." American City, 30:677, 679, June 1924. S685
Brief review of pertinent laws and court decisions.
Street, G. S. "The Censorship of Plays." Fortnightly Review, 124:348-57, September 1925. S686
The British "reader of plays" since 1914 writes an inside account of his experience as censor. "The right course for censorship is to hold a really enlightened balance, extending freedom where, to the best of its intelligence, it judges freedom to be right, but guarding this freedom, by its own careful discrimination, from being drowned in a deluge of protest. My ideal of its function is to extend freedom, up to the limit where protest would be reasonable, to all genuinely artistic or even didactic efforts, and to curb sharply the efforts to attract by pruriency or mere salacity or intolerable vulgarity."
Stringer, William H. "Censorship Censured: News Blackouts Cast Shadow on West." Christian Science Monitor, 40:9, 26 August 1948. (Reprinted in Summers, Federal Information Controls in Peacetime, pp. 167-70) S687 §
"There is genuine danger today that the world's international sparring match is leading to increased censorship, less news, and more blocking of the usual avenues of journalistic information along the western diplomatic front . . . It can perilously restrict a nation's knowledge of what its own diplomats are up to."
Stritch, Samuel, Cardinal. "Freedom of Speech, Censorship and the Responsibility of a Free Press." Books on Trial, 12:323-24, 358-60, June 1954. S688
Freedom of the press carries the obligation to "keep within the limitations which the moral law imposes on its freedom." The Cardinal discusses the "imperatives" of a Catholic press, consistent with "right freedom." He approves of the holy crusade of the Catholic press against obscene books and films.
Stroud, George M. Sketch of the Laws Relating to Slavery in the Several States of the United States of America. Philadelphia, Kimber & Sharpless, 1827. 180p. S689
The final chapter deals with the encroachments of slavery on freedom ofspeech and press.
Strout, Donald E. "Are Librarians Censors?" Nation, 189:379-81, 21 November 1959. S690
-------. "Censorship." In the American Library and Book Trade Annual, 1960. New York, Bowker, 1959, pp. 129-32. S691
A summary of the year's events involving libraries and the work of the American Library Association's Committee on Intellectual Freedom.
-------. "Intellectual Freedom Landmarks: 1955-60." Library Journal, 86:2035-42, 1 June 1961; 86:2575-79, August 1961. S692 §
Summary of major court decisions, incidents, and policy statements pertaining to intellectual freedom as related to libraries during the five-year period, 1955-60. Part 1 deals with Causes for Comfort; part 2 with Causes for Concern.
Stryker, Lloyd P. For the Defense: Thomas Erskine, the Most Enlightened Liberal of His Times, 1750-1823. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, 1947. 624p. S693
A biography of the British jurist and champion of freedom of the press. Erskine defended Thomas Paine, John Stockdale, Thomas Hardy, John Horne Tooke and others on charges of sedition or criminal libel. His courageous and eloquent defense of the Dean of St. Asaph before a hostile judge not only convinced a jury but led in 1792 to the liberalization of the British law of libel. Includes full accounts of many of the censorship trials.
Stuart, Sir Campbell. Secrets of Crewe House, the Story of a Famous Campaign. London, Hadder & Stoughton, 1920. 240p. S694
References to British censorship and propaganda efforts in World War I.
Stuart, Lyle. "Crab Grass of Book Censorship Grows in Many Places." Independent, 122:3, May 1962. S695
A review of widespread censorship by pressure groups in the United States, particularly in the area of obscenity. Criticism of the lack of effort by the publishing industry to fight censorship.
"Student Freedom: Censorship of Articles in Scholastic." Commonweal, 78:269-70, 31 May 1963. (Reply by O. P. Kretzman, 78:379, 28 June 1963) S696
An editorial criticizing the suppression of a student magazine at Notre Dame. University administrators must realize that "one of the penalties for having good students and exposing them to a good education is that they are going to be critical of their elders." In reply, the Lutheran president of Valparaiso University defends the university administrators. "Here is the outcropping on a Catholic campus of the heresy of freedom without responsibility."
Sturgion, John. A Plea for Tolleration Of Opinions and Perswasions In Matters of Religion, Differing from the Church of England . . . Shewing the unreasonablenesse of Prescribing to other mens Faith, and the evil of persecuting differing Opinions. . . . London, Printed by S. Dover for Francis Smith, 1661. 20p. (Reprinted in Edward B. Underhill, Tracts of Liberty of Conscience and Persecution, pp. 311-41) S697
Styles, John. An Essay on the Characters and Influence of the Stage. 3d ed. London, R. Williams, 1815. 234p. S698
An attack on the immorality of the stage and its dangerous tendencies.
"Subversive Literature." New Zealand Libraries, 4:1, August 1940. S699
The Customs Department in New Zealand has asked librarians to restrict books and periodicals that might be of a subversive character.
[Sullivan, Alexander M., and Richard Pigott]. Report of the Trials of Alexander M. Sullivan and Richard Pigott, for Seditious Libels on the Government, at the County of Dublin Commission . . . Edited by T. Pakenham Law. Dublin, Printed by Alexander Thom, 1868. 286p. S700
Sullivan, the publisher of the Weekly News was brought to trial in 1868 for seditious libel contained in pictures and articles criticizing the administration of justice in a murder trial. He was convicted and sentenced to six months in prison. The case against Richard Pigott followed immediately. Pigott, publisher of the Irishman, was brought to trial for reporting in some detail the activities of the Fenian Conspiracy for an independent Ireland. He was convicted and given a year's sentence.
Sullivan, Harold W. Contempt by Publication: The Law of Trial by Newspaper. 3d ed. New Haven, Conn., Privately printed, 1941. 230p. S701
Cases in the United States and Great Britain in which editors, publishers, and writers have been cited for contempt by publishing. The author holds that "trial by newspaper is a shabby form of jury tampering" and that the United States courts should follow the British rule in citing newspapers for contempt. He denies that such action would be an infringement on the freedom of the press.
-------. Trial by Newspaper. Hyannis, Mass., Patriot Press, 1961. 250p. S702
"There is scarcely one inmate of our fifty state penitentiaries who has had a fair and impartial trial, doubly guaranteed by our federal and state constitutions, and this because of Trial by Newspaper." The author cites such notable examples as the Morro Castle case, the Hopson case, the Lindbergh kidnapping case, the Mooney case, and the Manton case. He believes the courts should use the contempt power against the press and against police, district attorneys, and anyone who furnishes information to the press that results in trial by newspapers.
[Sullivan, James]. A Dissertation upon the Constitutional Freedom of the Press in the United States of America. By an Impartial Citizen . . . Boston, Printed by David Carlisle for Joseph Nancrede, 1801. 54p. S703
Sullivan was a leader of the Democratic-Republican party in Massachusetts, serving as attorney general and later as governor. In 1791 he conducted the first prosecution for criminal libel under the new state constitution. His ideas on seditious libel, expressed in this pamphlet, are more akin to those of the Federalists than such Jeffersonian writers as George Hay and Tunis Wortman. He defends the constitutionality of the Sedition Act insofar as it is applied to malicious libel of the government, but not against the officer of the government. The latter, he believes, is a private matter. His pamphlet is a legalistic attempt to achieve a balance between the traditional Blackstonian views and those of the Jeffersonian libertarians. "A reasonable, constitutional restraint, judiciously exercised, is the only way in which the freedom of the press can be preserved, as an invaluable privilege to the nation."
Sullivan, John J. "Obscenity: Police Enforcement Problems." Catholic Lawyer, 10:301-8, Autumn 1964. S704
A New York City police officer discusses problems that law officials face in attempting to enforce state laws relating to obscene literature. Police find themselves, on the one hand, accused of being censors; on the other hand, of being lax in suppressing harmful material. Police action alone is insufficient to stem the flow of salacious literature; the entire community must accept responsibility
Sullivan, John P. "Editorials and Controversy: The Broadcaster's Dilemma." George Washington Law Review, 32:719-68, April 1964. S705
The author believes the FCC's fairness doctrine is unconstitutional and "neither ensures fairness nor respects the freedom necessary for a democratic society."
Sullivan, Kay. "Cincinnati vs. Pornography." Catholic Digest, 23(8):12-19, June 1959. S706 §
Story of the operation of the Citizens for Decent Literature in Cincinnati, under the leadershipof Charles H. Keating, Jr.
Sullivan, Mark. "Creel-Censor." Collier's, 60:13+, 10 November 1917. S707
"Creel ought never to have taken the (World War I) censorship job. And before that President Wilson ought to have known better than to have appointed him." Article showing how unsuited Creel was to the job because of his violent personality and his inability to see other than plain black or plain white.
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