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Sigma Delta Chi. Committee on Advancement of Freedom of Information. Annual Reports. Chicago, The Society, 1948-date. S405 §
The first (1948) report stated: "The whole structure of human rights in a world of free men with governments of their own choosing rests upon one basic right--the right to know. We believe that this basic right includes freedom to speak freely upon all matters without fear; freedom to gather and disseminate information and opinion without censorship or suppression, and freedom of choice of sources of information without dictation, either by government or by private monopoly." Annual reports have included such topics as the federal government, government in the states, reporter confidence law, freedom of information in Latin America, freedom of information in radio and television, and the press and the bar.
Sikes, Herschel M. "William Hone: Regency Patriot, Parodist, and Pamphleteer." Newberry Library Bulletin, 5:281-94, July 1961. S406 §
An account of the political pamphleteering of William Hone, "a noisy advocate of political change whose bold style and concrete, vivid language were used in numerous and well-illustrated (George Cruikshank) pamphlets ranging from exposés of the horrifying conditions in insane asylums and jails to ringing defenses of freedom of the press and religious tolerance." The article is based on the large collection of Hone's writings in the Newberry Library
Silber, Jules C. The Invisible Weapons, With a Foreword by Major-General Edward Gleichen. London, Hutchinson, 1932. 288p. S407
Propaganda and censorship in World War I.
Silverstein, Hyman C. "Freedom of the Press." Boston University Law Review, 16:919-22, November 1936. S408
An account of the case (Grosjean V. American Press Co., 56 Sup. Ct. 444) which declared unconstitutional the Louisiana law licensing newspapers and magazines.
Simkins, T. M., Jr. "Remarks on Censorship by Sheriffs." North Carolina Libraries, 16:44-47, February 1958. S409
Simmons, E. B. "Obscene Publication." Solicitors' Journal, 107:165-67, 1 March 1963. S410
Suggested changes to plug the loopholes in the Obscene Publications Act, 1959, based on case experience and the French Penal Code.
Simon, Paul. "Elijah Lovejoy: Minister, Editor, Martyr." Presbyterian Life, 18(21):13-15, 36-37, 1 November 1965. S411
"The first United States martyr for freedom of the press was a Presbyterian minister and editor, Elijah Lovejoy, who was buried on his thirty-fifth birthday, November 9, 1837."
-------. Lovejoy: Martyr to Freedom. St. Louis, Concordia, 1964. 150p. S412
A dramatic account of the martyrdom of the antislavery editor of Alton, Ill., who in 1837 gave his life in defending his press from a proslavery mob. The story unfolds the chain of events that led to Lovejoy's antislavery sentiments and, more significantly, to his championship of freedom of the press. Lovejoy became the first martyr to freedom of the press in America.
Simpkins, John D. A Comparative Study of Four State Laws Affecting Access to News. Athens, Ohio, Ohio University, 1965. 154p. (Unpublished Master's thesis) S413
A study of the four laws of the state of Ohio which are concerned with access to public information: open records law, open meetings law, reporter confidence law, and right to advertise law. Includes a brief statement on access laws of other states and the text of the Sigma Delta Chi model laws.
Simpson, Jerome D. "Censorship: The Profession's Response." ALA Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom, 13:41-42, July 1964. S414 §
A statistical examination of the literature on censorship in the library profession to determine how much literature is being published and whether there has been an increase or decrease. The author finds a rather steady growth in "censorship" citations culminating in 568 entries in the past 3 years.
Sinclair, Robert. The British Press; the Journalist and His Conscience. London, Home & Van Thal, 1949. 271p. S415
A veteran journalist discusses freedom of the press and the ethics of British journalism, giving examples in the handling of specific news stories. He recommends a "court of honor," more informal than that proposed by the Royal Commission, to enforce press standards.
Sinclair, Upton. Brass Check; a Study of American Journalism. Pasadena, Calif., The Author, 1920. 445p. S416
A novelist and Socialist writer attacks the American press. His bitter and violent criticism is based largely on his own unhappy experience and represents his attitudes toward efforts made by the owners, advertisers, and press associations to control public opinion.
-------. "Censorship and Secret Treaties." Appeal to Reason, 1219:2, 12 April 1919. S417
How military intelligence arranged to have the British censor exclude Upton Sinclair's works from England during World War I.
-------. "How Censorship Actually Works." Everybody's Magazine, 26:135-36, January 1912. S418 §
An account of J. Wesley Glasgow's publication of a work on sexual purity, his arrest and trial on obscenity charges, and the confiscation of all copies of the book. Any person who wishes to investigate the matter, writes Sinclair, "is not only powerless to get any information but is liable himself to arrest for trying to find out about it." Sinclair had interviewed Glasgow in the Newcastle County Workhouse.
-------. "The Library Censorship." Athenaeum, 4428:247, 7 September 1912. S419
Sinclair protests the suppression of his novel, Love's Pilgrimage, in England by the Circulating Libraries Association.
-------. Oil! A Novel. New York, Albert & Charles Boni, 1926. 527p. ("Fig Leaf" edition) S420
In May of 1927 a bookstore clerk in Boston was arrested for selling a copy of Oil! The book was offensive to authorities on several counts: it attacked organized religion, it openly attacked the graft in the Harding Administration, and it referred to birth control and free love. A municipal court judge found the book "manifestly tending to corrupt the morals of youth." Sinclair persuaded the judge to drop action against the clerk and, instead, to take action against the book and author. To insure his own arrest, Sinclair sold a copy of Oil! on the streets of Boston to a member of the police vice squad. It was this special "fig leaf" edition, and Sinclair appropriately wore a fig leaf sandwich board. Certain objectionable pages in the edition were either greyed or blacked out by large fig leaves printed over the original text. The following note (in red) appears on the title page of the edition: "This novel has won the praise of some of the world's greatest writers and critics, but a censorship of the city of Boston has banned it, and we have therefore prepared this special edition for sale throughout Massachusetts. We point out to the reader that there are still a great many pages not blacked out; and these are the really important pages, full of the political and social information which is the real cause of the attack upon the book. It is interesting to note that the greater part of the material on pages 328-329 consists of passages from the Song of Solomon, which you may read in any copy of the Old Testament." Sinclair's scheme failed, however, when a different judge appeared in court, refused to accept the case against Sinclair, but found the bookstore clerk guilty and fined him $100.
-------. "Poor Me and Pure Boston." Nation, 124:713-14, 29 June 1927. S421
Sinclair, who called himself the "prize prude of the radical movement," considers the irony of his book, Oil! being banned in Boston as obscene. He speculates on the reasons and describes his fun in selling a copy of the Bible to a Boston policeman, under the jacket of a copy of Oil!
Singer, George A., pseud. Judicial Scandals and Errors. London, The University Press, 1899. 58p. (Also bound with Democritus' Darwin on Trial at the Old Bailey, pp. 45-86) S422
An account of theBed borough trial in London for the sale of Havelock Ellis' Studies in the Psychology of Sex. Ellis, in a foreword to the 1936 edition of his Studies, declares Singer to be the fictitious creation of Dr. Roland de Villiers, actually the pseudonym of George F. S. von Weissenfeld. Villiers, as von Weissenfeld was best known, published Ellis' Studies. He later was found to be a notorious forger and confidence man and committed suicide when apprehended.
Singh, Ram N. P. The All India Radio. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1961. 6p. (Publication no. 52) S423 §
A discussion of the state-owned and state-operated All India Radio (A.I.R.).
-------. The Story of India's Free Press. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1961. 6p. (Publication no. 55) S424 §
Singleton, M. K. "The Hatrack Controversy." In his H. L. Mencken and the American Mercury Adventure. Durham, N.C., Duke University Press, 1962, pp. 167-81. S425
Sington, Derrick. Freedom of Communication. London, Ampersand, 1963. 126p. S426
A German journalist presents a concise survey of the current status of freedom in the various media--the press, films, and radio-television--giving a brief historical background in the area of sedition, obscenity, and libel. He examines in some detail the charges against the profit motive as a threat to a free press. While his remarks deal largely with the British scene, he also comments on mass communications in America, the British Commonwealth, and the totalitarian countries, by way of comparison or contrast.
"The Sinister Assault on the Freedom of the Press." Arena, 41:358-65, March 1909. S427
A collection of excerpts from American newspapers referring to the growing efforts of government and business interests to shackle the American press. Reference to President Theodore Roosevelt's fight with Pulitzer and the NewYork World and to Lincoln's refusal to suppress the Chicago Times during the Civil War.
Sirluck, Ernest. "Areopagitica and a Forgotten Licensing Controversy." Review of English Studies, 11 (n.s.):260-74, August 1960. S428
The author maintains that the controversy that was waged in 1697, whether or not to reinact the licensing act that had been allowed to lapse 2 years earlier, was a direct reflection of the influence of Milton's Areopagitica, written in 1644 against the licensing of printing. The 32-page document which inspired the parliamentary opposition to licensing in 1698 was entitled A Letter to a Member of Parliament, Shewing, that a Restraint On the Press Is inconsistent with the Protestant Religion, and dangerous to the Liberties of the Nation. The pamphlet is believed to be the work of Matthew Tindal, but is taken almost entirely from Areopagitica, without giving credit to Milton. The author shows by parallel readings the similarities of the two texts. Tindal is believed to have read Areopagitica for the first time from one of the collectededitions of 1697 and 1698. He may also have made use of Charles Blount's adaptation of Milton's work, A Just Vindication of Learning,1679.
Sisk, John P. "The Human Management of News." Ramparts, 4:59-63, October 1965. S429
"We are by nature, then, news managers, news manipulators, which is only to say that we are embattled by time. The need to manage or manipulate the news is in proportion not only to the amount of it but to the strain it imposes on the structures we have already made out of the messages that have come to us. If time is to move at a manageable pace the messages must be managed . . . But however we manage or manipulate the news there are too many messages for most of us, and time like water through a leaking dike breaks through on us everywhere."
Sitney, P. Adams. "[Film Censorship]: United States." Censorship, 2(2):48-50, Spring 1965. S430 §
Censorship troubles of the avant-garde cinema in the United States, including the case of Jack Smith's Flaming Creatures, Jean Genet's Un Chant d'Amour, and Kenneth Anger's Scorpio Rising.
Sitwell, Sir Osbert. "On the Burning of Books as Private Pastime and Public Recreation." In his Penny Foolish. London, Macmillan, 1935, pp. 328-33. (Reprinted in Downs, The First Freedom, pp. 270-71) S431 §
"To those who know and hate literature, there is no satisfaction comparable to that of poking some special volume's glowing ashes." In this humorous bit of satire, the British author describes the sport of book burning as practiced in Germany and England.
Six Hours to Deadline: A Free and Responsible Press. 20 min., b/w movie. New York, Prepared by a Committee of the National Council of Teachers of English to Cooperate with Teaching Film Custodians, 1964. (Accompanied by study guide) S432
A fictionalized dramatization of a small-town editor faced with the decision whether or not to publish a news story that would bring grief to a respected member of the community. Presents an analysis of social and ethical problems of journalism.
Skeffington, Owen S. "McGahern Affair." Censorship, 1(2):27-30, Spring 1966. S433 §
"The most striking thing about the victimisation of John McGahern for the crime of writing a book [The Dark] that was banned by the Irish Censorship Board, is the closed-circuit clerical machine which wielded its absolute power to cut off his right to earn his living in Ireland as a primary school teacher."
Skiba, Francis. "Access to Legislative Department Records." Marquette Law Review, 44:230-34, Fall 1960. S434
Notes on Trimble v. Johnston, 173 F. Supp. 651 (D.D.C. 1959), relating to inspection of a government payroll record by a reporter. "The Trimble case, in conjunction with the concept of executive privilege, leads to the conclusion that the release of government records must be determined by the branch of government which controls them."
Skousen, W. Cleon. "Obscene Literature: What Can the Police Do About It?" Law and Order, 9(8):10-14, August 1961. S435
An outline of the program of the national Citizens for Decent Literature. The author recommends that police departments take the initiative in setting up local citizens' committees to police magazines and books on newsstands. He answers a group of questions that are commonly asked: Isn't obscenity censorship unconstitutional? (He cites the Roth case in answering in the negative.) Isn't reading of pornography an adult pastime? (He shows that 75 per cent of the readers are minors.)
Skow, John. "Is Love, Sweet Love, A Crime?" Saturday Evening Post, 239:82, 87, 12 February 1966. S436
The story of Ralph Ginzburg and the legal action against his publication, Eros.
Slack, Henry J. State of Prosecutions of the Press at the Instigation of a Foreign Government; a Defense of the Free Press in England, a Lecture Delivered at St. Martin's Hall, 28 April, 1858. London, Published for the Press Defence Committee by J. Pattie, 1858. 32p. S437
Slafter, Edmund F. John Checkley; or, The Evolution of Religious Tolerance in Massachusetts Bay. Including Mr. Checkley's Controversial Writings; His Letters and Other Papers . . . With Historical Illustrations and a Memoir by the Rev. Edmund F. Slafter . . . Boston, The Prince Society, 1897. 2 vol. (Publications of the Prince Society, vols. 22-23) S438 §
Volume 2 contains the libel proceedings against Mr. Checkley for publishing Leslie's Short and Easy Method with the Deists (1724), including Mr. Checkley's speech at the trial. There is a bibliography of the controversy in America relating to episcopacy, in which the above book also played a part.
Sledd, Andrew. "Dismissal of Professor Banks." Independent, 70:1113-14, 25 May 1911. S439
Professor Enoch M. Banks was dismissed from the University of Florida in 1911 because of an article he wrote for the Independent,which stated that if the intellectuals of the South had taken the slavery question in hand the Civil War would have been unnecessary. An article by Professor James W. Garner of the University of Illinois criticizing the action appeared in the 27 April issue.
Slivka, William J. "Obscenity Through the Mails." Western Reserve Law Review, 11:480-92, June 1960. S440
"This note will concern itself with the authority of the United States Post Office Department, emanating from the Constitution, legislation, and postal regulations, to investigate and terminate the sending of obscene material through the mails."
Sloan, Frank K. "The Case for the Right of Privacy." University of South Carolina Selden Society Yearbook, 9:45-62, Fall 1948. S441
Following a definition of the "right of privacy" the author discusses the legal problems involved, recommending wider recognition of the right in common law. Among the objections to acceptance are: injury to feelings are too nebulous; the right opens up a vast field of litigation; equity is not a proper method of dealing with rights that do not involve tangible property and any recognition of this right of privacy infringes upon freedom of speech and of the press.
Sloan, George W. "Censorship in Historical Perspective." Top of the News, 22:269-72, April 1966. S442 §
History has demonstrated that the only "acceptable censor" is one's conscience. "The conscience which is in every one of us is the only thing to which any child, adult, or librarian should submit."
Sloss, Robert. An American's View of the British Mail Censorship. London, W. Speaight, 1916. 31p. S443
The author was a correspondent of the Chicago Daily News.
Slough, M. C., and P. D. McAnany "Obscenity and Constitutional Freedom." St. Louis University Law Journal, 8:279-357, Spring 1964; 8:449-532, Summer 1964. S444
Part one deals with the historic developments of efforts to establish definitions and standards in the area of obscenity in Great Britain and the United States and with the constitutional issues of obscenity versus freedom of the press. Part two deals with the structure and dimensions of obscenity as perceived by the courts, the public issue of obscenity in theory, and the controversy over effect and where to draw the line. It also discusses the position of the Catholic Church in matters of obscenity. The authors summarize private and public action against obscenity and suggest a middle ground of self regulation. They conclude with an outline of procedural requirements--pretrial and trial procedures, and independent judicial review.
Small, Collie. "Too Many Self-Appointed Censorship Groups." Reader's Digest, 59:109-12, September 1951. (Condensed from Redbook, July 1951) S445
An increase in censorship is attributed to the large number of minority groups organized and active in recent years and to the growing fear on the part of publishers, and radio and motion pictures officials of offending them. The author mentions specifically a Texas threat against theNegro-problem film, Pinky; Catholic pressures against the movie, The Miracle; Jewish opposition to the movie, Oliver Twist; and the Bartlesville, Okla., "vigilante committee" action against The Nation and New Republic.
Smead, Elmer E. Freedom of Speech by Radio and Television. Washington, D.C., Public Affairs, 1959. 182p. S446
A general summary of legislation, court rulings, and FCC regulations relating to broadcasting. Such issues as public interest, equal time, and censorship are included.
Smelser, Marshall. "George Washington and the Alien and Sedition Acts." American Historical Review, 59:322-34, January 1954. S447
A review of events leading to passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts, from the point of view of George Washington as president. The author points out Washington's exasperation at the many and bitter attacks on him and his administration by newspaper editors and his mistrust of the politics of immigrants, particularly of a French conspiracy. After the laws were passed Washington approved and defended them.
-------. "The Jacobin Phrenzy: Federalism and the Menace of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity." Review of Politics, 13:457-82, October 1951. S448
A study of the first years of the American Federal republic when American relations with France became strained and many thought our country endangered by mismanagement of foreign relations. In the resulting bitter debate the aristocratic Federalists, because of "distaste for having their acts and motives minutely reviewed by the vulgar mass," began to show symptoms of "social paranoia." Repressive legislation seemed the defense against this. Out of this climate came the Sedition Act.
Smith, Alice K. "Secrecy and the Army." Midway, 23:2-26, Summer 1965. S449
A discussion of the controversy between scientists and the military over the control of information on atomic energy following World War II.
Smith, Bernard B. "The People's Stake in Radio." New Republic, 111:11-13, 3 July 1944. S450
An appeal to the radio broadcasting industry and the FCC to consider the public interest with which they are charged by law.
Smith, Beverly. "Keeping of Our Morals." American Magazine, 123:24-25+, January 1937. S451
Includes comments on the work of John S. Sumner of the New York vice society.
Smith, Bruce L. "Scientific and Semi-Scientific Literature on War Information and Censorship." Journalism Quarterly, 20:1-20, March 1943. S452
Includes a bibliography on censorship and propaganda.
-------, Harold D. Lasswell, and Ralph D. Casey. Propaganda, Communication, and Public Opinion; a Comprehensive Reference Guide. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, 1946. 435p. S453
Prefaced by four essays on mass communications, this is a comprehensive, annotated bibliography on propaganda, part 7 of which deals with control and censorship of communications. This is a continuation of the work begun in Propaganda and Promotional Activities: An Annotated Bibliography, compiled by Lasswell, Casey, and Smith.
Smith, C. R. F. "Freedom of the Press on the Campus." Quill, 24(4):10-11, April 1936. S454
A journalism professor suggests that the university act as publisher, with student staff as paid hirelings, which will give students a taste of the censorship of ownership that every newspaperman recognizes.
Smith, Calvin S. "How Much Freedom?" Utah Libraries, 6:19-20, Spring 1963. S455
Smith, Charles E. The Freedom of the Press. Governor Samuel W. Pennypacker's Message Approving the Bill in Restraint of Its Liberty, and Charles Emery Smith's Editorial in Protest. [Philadelphia, 1903]. 28p. S456
Smith was editor of the Philadelphia Press; he had been Postmaster General in the McKinley Administration. The bill criticized was aimed at political cartoons and grew out of Governor Pennypacker's outrage at attacks on him by cartoonists during his gubernatorial campaign. The brochure includes a cartoon by F. T. Richards from the Philadelphia Press of 13 May 1903 entitled The Gag and the Gauntlet.
-------. "Press: Its Liberty and License." Independent, 55:1371-75, 11 June 1903. S457
When Judge Samuel W. Pennypacker became governor of Pennsylvania in 1902 he signed into law a severe libel bill, passed without hearings. It was aimed to prevent criticism of state officials. "The viciousness of the new Pennsylvania law is that it is a backward step flying in the face of the whole course of libel legislation in other states; that it is a deliberate attempt to terrorize the press and to stifle public criticism; and that it is the joint product of public pique and private piracy."
[Smith, Delavan, et al]. The Indianapolis News Panama Libel Case. Circumstances Preceding the Return of the Indictments and Proceedings for the Removal to the District of Columbia for Trial of Delavan Smith and Charles R. Williams, Publishers of the Indianapolis News. Order for Removal Denied October 13, 1909, by the United States District Court for the District of Indiana, Hon. Albert B. Anderson, Judge. Indianapolis, 1909. 352p. S458
In the only attempt of the federal government to sue a newspaper for libel since the Alien and Sedition Acts, President Theodore Roosevelt instructed Attorney General William N. Cromwell to enter a libel suit against Delavan Smith of the Indianapolis Newsand Joseph Pulitzer of the New York World. The papers had carried hints that an American syndicate, including Cromwell, had made illegal profits from the purchase of Panama Canal rights. The federal courts dismissed the suits, ruling that such action violated the First Amendment of the Constitution. The offending article from the Worldis reprinted in Don C. Seitz' biography of Joseph Pulitzer.
Smith, Desmond. "American Radio Today--The Listener Be Damned." Harper's Magazine, 229:57-63, September 1964. S459
The author suggests internal reform of broadcasting standards and practices to remind the advertisers and their Washington allies of the public interest.
Smith, Dorothea. Press Commission in Other Countries. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1960. 8p. (Publication no. 35) S460 §
A survey of press councils and commissions in Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland, Netherlands, Germany, Pakistan, India, South Africa, Australia, Italy, France, Chile, Indonesia, and Great Britain. The patterns of the British Royal Commission of the Press, 1947-49, were followed by South Africa, India, and Pakistan.
Smith, Edward. William Cobbett: a Biography. London, Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, 1872. 2 v. S461
G. D. H. Cole describes this biography of the mercurial champion of press freedom as "good, but somewhat uncritically laudatory."
Smith, Everett E. "Constitutional Aspects of Censorship." Dicta, 32:305-11, July-August 1955. S462
Brief report on constitutional problems relating to censorship of books on the grounds of obscenity.
[Smith, Francis]. An Impartial Account of the Tryal of Francis Smith upon an Information Brought against Him for Printing and Publishing a Late Book Commonly Known by the Name of Tom Ticklefoot, Etc. As Also of the Trial of Jane Curtis upon an Information Brought against Her for Publishing and Putting to Sale a Scandalous Libel, Called A Satyr upon Injustice; or Scroggs upon Scroggs. [London], 1680. 6p. (Also in Howell, State Trials, vol. 7, pp. 931 ff., and in Hart, Index Expurgatorius Anglicanus, p. 184) S463
One of the chief victims of Censor Roger L'Estrange, "old Frank Smith" spent many months in jail for printing matter offensive to the government. George Kitchen, in his biography of L'Estrange, calls this work "one of the most interesting documents on the tyrannous side of the press." Smith was entrapped by L'Estrange's messenger agent, Robert Stephens, and brought to trial before the severe Judge Scroggs. Tom Ticklefoot was a satire on the trial of Sir George Wakeman.
Smith, G. K. "Censorship of Instructional Material." In National Conference on Higher Education. Current Issues in Higher Education, 1952. Washington, D.C., Department of Higher Education, National Education Association, 1953, pp. 138-39. S464
Smith, George M. "Lawful Pleasures." Critic, 38:256-64, March 1901. S465
Autobiographical account of personal libel cases in which the author was involved as proprietor of the Pall Mall Gazette and The Cornhill Magazine.
[Smith, Harrison]. "Censorship Can Be Stopped." Saturday Review of Literature, 32(16):28-29, 16 April 1949. S466
A summary of Judge Curtis Bok's decision in the Philadelphia trial over works of Farrell, Faulkner, and Caldwell. Obscenity, he states, has no inherent meaning and "is not indictable unless actual or imminent criminal behavior can be traced to it."
Smith, Helena H. "Boston's Bogy-Man." Outlook, 149:214-16+, 6 June 1928. S467
This journalist spent two weeks in Boston in the heat of the police campaign against modern novels. The censor, she found, was the bookseller himself and all that it took to bar a book was a suggestion. While works of literature were being banned, she observed obscene magazines being sold to high school students with no attempt being made to stop this traffic.
Smith, Hugh. Theory and Regulation of Public Sentiment; an Address Delivered before the Alumni of Columbia College . . . New York, Lane, 1842. 48p. S468
Smith, James M. "Alexander Hamilton, the Alien Law, and Seditious Libels." Review of Politics, 16:305-33, July 1954. S469
-------. "The Aurora and the Sedition Laws." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 77:3-23, January 1953; 77:123-55, April 1953. S470
Part I deals with the editorship of Benjamin Franklin Bache; part II with the editorship of William Duane, both victims of the Sedition law during the administration of President Adams. An expanded account appears in the author's book, Freedom's Fetters.
-------. Freedom's Fetters; the Alien and Sedition Laws and American Civil Liberties. Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press, 1956. 464p. Published in Co-operation with the Institute of Early American History and Culture. (Cornell Studies in Civil Liberty) S471
The dramatic story of the struggle between the elements of freedom and order that took place in the United States with the passage of the Alien and Sedition Laws of 1798, legislation which Woodrow Wilson wrote "cut perilously near the root of freedom of speech and the press." This first volume of a projected two-volume study on the Alien and Sedition Laws deals with "the enactment and enforcement of the Federalist measures of 1798 and attempts to assess their influence in shaping the development of the political process of republicanism, with its dual goals of majority rule and individual rights." The second volume will deal with the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions. Together, the volumes "will form an integrated investigation of the relationship between liberty and authority in a popular form of government." This volume includes cases on Benjamin Franklin Bache (Philadelphia Aurora), John Daly (New York Time-Piece), Matthew Lyon (Vermont Gazette), Thomas Adams (Boston Independent Chronicle), William Duane (Philadelphia Aurora), Thomas Cooper and President Adams, James T. Callender (Richmond Examiner), Anthony Haswell (Vermont Gazette), Charles Holt (New London, Conn., Bee), William Durrell (Mt. Pleasant, N.Y., Register), and Jedidiah Peck, a New York legislator. The text of the Alien and Sedition Laws is given in the appendix.
-------. "President John Adams, Thomas Cooper, and Sedition: A Case Study in Suppression." Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 42:438-65, December 1955. S472
Thomas Cooper's prosecution under the Sedition Act, 1799-1800. A shorter version of a chapter in the author's book, Freedom's Fetters.
-------. "Sedition in the Old Dominion: James T. Callender and The Prospect Before Us." Journal of Southern History, 20:157-82, May 1954. S473
Notes on the trial and conviction of Callender under the Sedition Law of 1798, presided over by Justice Samuel Chase, 1800; with some account of Callender's works as a newspaperman in Virginia. The article is expanded in the author's book, Freedom's Fetters.
-------. "The Sedition Law, Free Speech and the American Political Process." William and Mary Quarterly, 9:497-511, October 1952. S474
"If people cannot communicate their thoughts to one another without running the risk of prosecution, no other liberty can be secure because freedom of speech and of the press are essential to any meaning of liberty. The years between 1798 and 1801 afford the first instance under the Constitution in which American political leaders faced the problem of defining the role of public criticism in a representative government. This paper deals with the solution which the Federalists proposed and acted upon and the response of the American people to it.
--------. "Sedition, Suppression, and Speech: a Comic Footnote on the Enforcement of the Sedition Law of 1798." Quarterly Journal of Speech, 40:284-87, October 1954. S475
An account of the prosecution of Luther Baldwin for expressing the wish, when a cannon was accidentally discharged close to the person of President John Adams, that the shot "had lodged in the President's posterior," and the "basic language" in which the issue was discussed in the Republican newspapers.
Smith, Jeremiah. "Are Charges against the Moral Character of a Candidate for an Elective Office Conditionally Privileged?" Michigan Law Review, 18:1-15, November 1919; 18:104-26, December 1919. S476
-------. "Disparagement of Property." Columbia Law Review, 13:13-36, January 1913; 13:121-42, February 1913. S477
A discussion of this legal issue, sometimes considered as slander of property, to include patent rights, copyright, and the right to use a trade name. The legal area is divided into two parts: disparagement of title or interest and disparagement of quality. The second article deals with actual damages resulting therefrom.
Smith, John. Trial of John Smith, Bookseller . . . December 6, 1796, for Selling a Work Entitled, "A Summary of the Duties of Citizenship." London, Mrs. Smith, [1797]. 35p. S478
Smith, John E. "A Statewide Experience with Pressure Groups." In Freedom of Communication; Proceedings of the First Conference on Intellectual Freedom . . . Chicago, American Library Association, 1954, pp. 89-96. S479 §
Deals with pressures exerted against schools and libraries in California.
-------, and Evelyn B. Detchon. "It Happened in Burbank." ALA Bulletin, 46:3, 85-87, March 1952. S480 §
A proposal by the Burbank Public Library Board that the League of California Cities approve labeling of subversive and immoral books in California public libraries stirred state-wide controversy. The California Library Association passed a resolution against labeling and sent it to the League, which did not adopt the controversial proposal.
Smith, Judith A. "The Reporter's Right to Shield His 'Reliable Source.'" PEAL, 1:31-48, June 1961. S481
Favors the legal protection of a reporter's news source, within reasonable limits.
Smith, Margaret Chase. "Fair Trial and Free Press: Pressures Exerted on Courts and Jurors." American Bar Association Journal, 42:341-43+, April 1956. S482
Pressures that "trial by newspaper" exert on courts and jurors; the need for maintaining a proper balance between free press and fair trial. Address by the U.S. senator before the American Bar Association, section on Judicial Administration.
Smith, Michael. Glenview and the Birch Society. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1966. 5p. (Publication no. 159) S483 §
A case study indicating the climate of opinion in one community (Glenview, Illinois) when faced with establishment of a John Birch Society bookstore and headquarters.
Smith, Mortimer J. Important and Interesting Trial of Mortimer J. Smith, on an Indictment for Libel on Miss Emma Williams in Having Connected Her Name with the Separation of David Groesbeck (the New York Wall Street broker), from his Wife, in the Albany Court of Sessions, December 16, 1847. . . . Albany, Castigator Press, 1847. 16p. S484
A later edition (1870) contained an added item: "the Bill of Complaint by Mary W. Groesbeck against David Groesbeck, for Repeated Acts of Adultery, and the Decree of the Court Adjudging a Separation and Divorce."
Smith, Paul. "Secrecy in Local Government." Censorship, 2(2):18-21, Spring 1966. S485 §
"One of the main causes of discontent with British local government today is its overindulgence in secrecy." The author offers seven recommendations to remedy the situation.
Smith, Payson, et al. Book Censorship in Massachusetts; a Responsible Statement. Boston, The Author, 1928. 8p. S486
A pamphlet in support of an obscenity bill before the Massachusetts legislature, sponsored by Ellery Sedgwick, editor of the Atlantic Monthly. The bill, which failed to pass, was intended to liberalize Massachusetts obscenity laws by requiring that a book be judged as a whole. Smith was Massachusetts Commissioner of Education.
Smith, Robert M. Modern Dramatic Censorship: George Bernard Shaw. Bloomington, Ind., Indiana University, 1953. 208p. (Ph.D. dissertation, University Microfilms, no. 6452) S487
Censorship of Shaw's plays in England and the United States as reflected in the playwright's own writings attacking stage censorship.
Smith, Roger H. "Cops, Counselors and Tropic of Cancer." Publishers' Weekly, 180:35, 23 October 1961. S488
"The rash of local censorship drives which have been launched against Tropic of Cancer without court authorization or adjudication of any kind are irresponsible and, quite likely, unconstitutional."
-------. "If Ever a Library Needed a Friend." Publishers' Weekly, 183:55, 4 February 1963. S489
Editorial concerning the efforts of a member of the board of library trustees of New City, Rockland County, N.Y., to censor public library books.
-------. "A Summer of Censorship." Publishers' Weekly, 184:38, 29 July 1963. S490
Smith, S. W. "Propaganda and the Library." Library Journal, 64:13-15, 1 January 1939. S491
"If librarians as a group are believers in the democratic dogma and wish to be consistent in their actions and carry out their convictions, they can hardly avoid permitting entry to their libraries of all forms of propaganda. Democracy presupposes toleration and can only hope to function in a milieuin which opinions circulate freely and in which the individual is exposed to all sides of public questions and given an opportunity to make up his own mind."
[Smith, Samray]. "The Best/Worst Television Can Do." ALA Bulletin, 57:377-78, May 1963; "Censorship or Fair Play?" ALA Bulletin, 57:477, June 1963. S492 §
Two editorials concerning the controversy over the unfavorable portrayal of a smalltown librarian in a censorship case, A Book for Burning, on the C.B.S. television program, "The Defenders."
Smith, Sydney. "Proceedings of the Society for the Suppression of Vice." In his Works. Philadelphia, Carey and Hart, 1844, vol. 2, pp. 282-93. (Reprinted from Edinburgh Review, 1809; also in Selected Writings of Sydney Smith, New York, Farrar, Straus, Cudahy, 1956, pp. 287-97) S493
"It is hardly possible," writes the Rev. Mr. Smith, "that a society for the suppression of vice can ever be kept within the bounds of good sense and moderation. . . . Beginning with the best intentions in the world, such societies must, in all probability, degenerate into a receptacle for every species of tittle-tattle, impertinence and malice. Men whose trade is rat- catching, love to catch rats."
Smith, Vernon W. "Studies in the Control of Student Publications." College Press Review, 4(1):19-33, Winter 1964. S494
Smith, William G. "Puritans Will Rise." Books and Bookmen, 7(1):11, October 1961. S495
The editor, in a review of Dianne Doubtfire's Reasons for Violence, pleads for more restraint in exercising freedom in treatment of sex in novels. Without it, he forecasts a Puritan revolt. In the November issue the author responds: "To put sex into a novel, purely as a selling point, is unforgivable. But surely it is equally reprehensible to leave it out for fear of shocking the Puritans? A writer of integrity cannot allow himself to be hampered by restrictions of any kind."
-------, et al. "Living in Sin." Assistant Librarian, 49:185-206, December 1956. S496
Entire issue devoted to censorship: Living in Sin, editorial comments by W. G. Smith on his delight in reading certain banned books and seeing certain banned plays; The Sins of Puritans by John L. Broom; What Is Censorship by R. L. Collison; The Dam Busters, comments pro and con on Eric Moon's reference in a recent review to "a damned good book;" Who Killed Cock Robin? by Alan R. Eager; the Catholic Point of View by V. P. Richards; Censorship in Ireland (various quotes); Danger to Libraries by Edward Dudley; and New Light on Lear by Brian R. Ingram.
Smith, William H. Charles Hammond and His Relations to Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams; or Constitutional Limitations and the Contest for Freedom of Speech and the Press. An Address delivered before the Chicago Historical Society, May 20, 1884. Chicago, Chicago Historical Society, 1885. 72p. S497
The efforts of Hammond, a Cincinnati editor, in behalf of the freedom to criticize slavery and the slave trade.
"Smith, the Censor." University Magazine and Free Review, 5:337-51, 1 January 1896. S498
Criticism of the censorship activities of Smith and Sons, one of the largest English circulating libraries that participated in the voluntary Victorian censorship of impure books.
"Smoking and News; Coverage of a Decade of Controversy." Columbia Journalism Review, 2(2):6-11, Summer 1963. S499
"Has American journalism given a full, fair, and intelligent account of the complex debate over the effects of smoking on health?"
Snaith, Stanley. "Censorship." Library Assistant, 21:128-42, June 1928. S500
Censorship can be approached from three standpoints: the believer, i.e. the man who demands protection for his daughters or his neighbor's daughters; the nonbeliever or atheist "who looks on censorship somewhat as a Chicago bar-tender looks upon prohibition"; and the agnostic or equivocater who sits on the fence. The evil of censorship is fourfold: it is an uncalled-for limitation of the field of the artist, it makes for pruriency in the reader, it sets up invidious class distinction, and it exalts into undue prominence the amatory material of books.
Snyder, Earl A. "Liability of Station Owners for Defamatory Statements Made by Political Candidates." Virginia Law Review, 39:303-17, April 1953. S501
Notes on cases tried from 1927-52.
Snyder, Orville C. "Freedom of the Press--Personal Liberty or Property Liberty?" Boston University Law Review, 20:1-22, January 1940. S502
The usual argument for freedom of the press "assumes that the liberty of an individual to have thoughts and to express them and the rights of an individual or corporate owners in his or its newspaper are one and the same thing. . . . All that is contended for [in this study] is that in deciding issues involving the business of publishing the news for profit, property rights only are being dealt with, and that, in determining the issues, confusing property rights and personal liberty, in laudatory acclaim of the latter, is not a satisfactory instrument of inquiry."
Snyder, William, ed. Great Speeches by Great Lawyers; a Collection of Arguments and Speeches before Courts and Juries; by Eminent Lawyers; with Introductory Notes, Analyses, etc. New York, Baker, Voorhis, 1881. 748p. S503
William Pinkney, law of constructive treason in the defense of John Hodges; Thomas Erskine, for the prosecution of Thomas Williams for publishing Paine's Age of Reason; James Mackintosh, in behalf of Jean Peltier, indicted for a libel against Napoleon Bonaparte.
Soames, Jane. The English Press; Newspapers and News. 2d ed. London, Drummond, 1938. 181p. S504
The author believes that the British press is in danger from increasing commercialization which lowers its standards and encourages uniformity. The French press represents more diversity in opinion, despite its frank subvention to special interests, and it offers better-informed foreign news.
Sobeloff, Simon E. "Free Press and Fair Trial." Nieman Reports, 10(1):3-5, January 1956. S505 §
"The editor and the judge are set apart from other citizens only that they may act as guardians of other men's liberties."
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