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-------. "The Show that Wasn't There." Saturday Review, 47(33):27, 15 August 1964. S304
Account of the censorship of a play on WMSB, Michigan State University's television station. The drama dealt with race relations.
-------. "The Uphill Fight of Pay-TV." Saturday Review, 48(7):55-57, 24 April 1965. S305
Shearman, Montague, and O. T. Raynor. The Press Laws of Foreign Countries. London, H. M. Stationery Office, 1926. 328p. S306
Text of press laws of leading countries (in English and French) with an appendix on the press laws of India. Now out of date and of historical interest only.
Sheavyn, Phoebe. "Writers and Official Censors under Elizabeth and James I." Library, 8:134-63, April 1907. (Reprinted in her The Literary Profession in the Elizabethan Age. Manchester, Eng., Manchester University Press, 1909, pp. 39-63) S307
The representatives of authority in Elizabethan England so far as literature was concerned were four: The Privy Council and Court of Star Chamber, the Court of High Commission, the Stationers' Company, and the City Corporation. The author describes the work of each.
Shedd, Kendrick P. The Right of Free Speech; Address Delivered in Shubert Theatre, Rochester, N. Y., Sunday, February 26, 1911. Rochester, N.Y., The Labor Lyceum, 1911. 23p. S308
Address given on the occasion of a protest against the Rochester mayor's prohibition on the use of public buildings to a speaker who had discussed world-wide socialism in a public school building.
Shee, Sir Martin A. Alasco: a Tragedy in Five Acts . . . Excluded from the Stage, by the Authority of the Lord Chamberlain. London, Sherwood, Jones, 1824. 169p. S309
Sheehan, Harold. "Reporter vs. the Law On News Source Protection." Quill, 48(12):15-16, 22 December 1960. S310
Sheerin, John B. "The American Priest and Freedom of the Press." Catholic World, 185:1-4, April 1957. S311
The U.S. Supreme Court's decision to void a Michigan statute against obscene literature and other recent decisions of that Court point out "the fact that the court is not so much concerned with juvenile innocence as it is about freedom of the press. This means more liberty for our Catholic children and more and more responsibility for the priests that shepherd their souls."
-------. "Art, Movies and the Censor." Catholic World, 178:403-5, March 1954. S312
Critical comment on the ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court that the censors of New York and Ohio had acted beyond the scope of their authority in refusing to license two movies for public showing. New York had banned La Ronde as "immoral" and Ohio had rejected M as "inviting to crime."
-------. "Censorship in Contemporary Society." Catholic Lawyer, 3:292-300, Autumn 1957. S313 §
The editor of the Catholic World believes that censorship is necessary to conserve essential values of the American way of life. Freedom is not the highest value; it exists for the preservation of purity, truth, and justice.
-------. "Free Speech and Obscenity Censorship." Catholic World, 194:132-36, December 1961. S314
A summary of discussions at the Catholic World's seminar on Freedom of Speech and Obscenity Censorship. The discussion revealed that censorship is a complex and deep-rooted problem, that further clinical studies are needed; that censorship laws designed to protect the young have a better chance of Supreme Court approval than do laws to protect adults.
-------. "Sex and Censorship." Catholic World, 177:241-45 July 1953. S315
"By censorship and other legal safeguards, children must be protected against constant sexual stimulation and annoyance." The author notes the similarity of views of the Catholic Church toward censorship and those of Margaret Mead as stated in her article, Sex and Censorship in Contemporary Society, in New World Writing, May 1953.
Sheldon, John P. Statement of the Trial of John P. Sheldon, Editor of the Detroit Gazette . . . on an Attachment for Contempt. n.p., [1828]. 40p. S316
Shell, Dan H. "First Amendment Rights and Restrictions." Mississippi Law Journal, 36:41-53. December 1964. S317
"This paper seeks to deal primarily with freedoms of speech and press, and more specifically with the dangers to the society when these rights are unconditionally protected . . . Particular attention will be directed to the attitude of the U.S. Supreme Court toward the freedoms as they are applied to the activities of Communist Party sympathizers."
Shelley, Percy Bysshe. "Letter to Leigh Hunt on the Trial of Richard Carlile for Publishing Paine's Age of Reason." In The Prose Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley, edited by Harry B. Forman. London, Reeves and Turner, 1880. vol. 4, pp. 291-300. S318
Shelley expresses his indignation over the trial. He argues that Carlile has a right to be tried by his peers, persons of a similar social status and of like philosophical views who will not bring prejudice to the decision.
-------. "A Letter to Lord Ellenborough, Occasioned by the Sentence he Passed on Mr. D. I. Eaton, as Publisher of the Third Part of Paine's Age of Reason." In The Prose Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley, edited by Harry B. Forman. London, Reeves and Turner, 1880. vol. 1, pp. 401-24. (Reprinted in a 16-page pamphlet, Shelley on Blasphemy, by the Progressive Publishing Co., London, 1883) S319
"But I raise my solitary voice, to express my disapprobation, so far as it goes, of the cruel and unjust sentence you passed upon Mr. Eaton." In March 1812 Lord Ellenborough sentenced the London bookseller to 18 months in prison and to stand in the pillory once a month.
Shepard, A. G. "Freedom of Speech in Industrial Disputes." Case and Comment, 22:466-70, November 1915. S320
Shepherd, Robert E., Jr. "The Law of Obscenity in Virginia." Washington and Lee Law Review, 17:322-28, Fall 1960. S321
Shepherd, William G. "The Forty-two Centimeter Blue Pencil." Everybody's Magazine, 36:470-82, April 1917. S322
An American war correspondent who has fought censorship comments: "I don't exactly sympathize with the censor. But I have seen enough of war to know that the side which dropped censorship would be immediately defeated on land and sea.
Sheppard, W. Action upon the Case for Slander. 2d ed. London, 1674. 287p. S323
"A methodical collection of thousands of cases of what words are actionable, and what not, and of a conspiracy, and a libel." The first edition appeared in 1662, two years after the advent of the Stuart Restoration.
Shera, Jesse H. "A Book for Burning." Wilson Library Bulletin, 37:790, May 1963. S324
Comment on the TV play, A Book for Burning, in "The Defenders" series. While the librarian in the play was presented as a prudish old maid who defends censorship, "the stereotype of the librarian is not to be improved by protest but by educating librarians who will give the lie to the image we abhor." He hopes that the ALA will not protest the treatment but will "keep its corporate mouth shut."
-------. "Officer, Arrest That Book!" Wilson Library Bulletin, 36:488, February 1962. S325
"Against humor and comedy the censor is defenseless, because he fears that which he cannot understand and cannot manage. Humor can save the book in the future as it has in the past." The title of the article refers to a Life cartoon which appeared during the prohibition era bearing the caption, "Officer, arrest that man; he seems to be thinking of beer."
Sherburne, E. G., Jr. The Need to Know of Science. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1963. 5p. (Publication no. 92) S326 §
Speech by the director of Studies in the Public Understanding of Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science, before the Northwestern University Science Public Information Seminar, 21 March 1962.
Sherek, Henry, and John Mortimer. "End or Change Stage Censorship." Plays and Players, 9:22, September 1962. S327
Sherek favors licensing of stage plays by the Lord Chamberlain but believes "dirty plays" should be permitted, provided people are warned beforehand of the nature of the play as in the case of films. Mortimer objects to the "antique power" of stage censorship by the Lord Chamberlain which he terms "irresponsible, childish and an insult to artists working seriously in the theatre."
-------. et al. "Why Censor the Theatre?" Author, 69:39-43, Winter 1958. S328
A variety of opinion on the present control of the English theater, expressed by Henry Sherek (licensing for adults), Sir Donald Wolfit (compromise), Wynard Browne (reform), Ivan Brown (abolition), Charles Landstone (anomaly), and Kenneth Tynan (who needs a censor?).
Sherman, Stuart C. "Defending the Freedom to Read." Library Journal, 87:479-83, 1 February 1962. S329
The librarian of Providence Public Library reviews the action taken to keep Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer available to readers in spite of the threat of the Attorney General to arrest the librarian and borrower. Includes a statement of the library's position, supported by the Board of Trustees.
Sherman, Stuart P. "Unprintable." In his Points of View. New York, Scribner's, 1924, pp. 49-74. (Reprinted from Atlantic Monthly, July 1923) S330
A literary critic believes that the obscenity laws should not apply to "books issued by regular publishers, through the regular channels." Such action is "futile and mischievous." While expressing sympathy for the vice societies and their motives, he believes it is impossible to make the reading-world safe for children and adolescents. He also objects to the analogy of the Comstock Act and the Volstead Act, since the effect of alcohol can be measured scientifically; the effect of reading cannot. While he decries the salacious trends in modern fiction, he believes the solution is not in legislation and court action but in the development of "independent and dispassionate criticism," instead of the "violation partisan combats between champions of literature who express their contempt for public morals, and champions of public morals who express their contempt for literature."
Sherman, William F. "Motion Picture Censorship: Social Control and the Constitution." Ohio State Law Journal, 17:227-39, Spring 1956. S331
A review of recent court decisions on movie censorship with special reference to the State of Ohio. The author concludes that a constitutional pre-exhibition motion picture censorship law could be drawn by a state legislature under Supreme Court ruling, but care must be taken not to infringe on religious, antireligious, or political expression. Obscenity and incitement to crime are justification for censorship if they are properly circumscribed.
Sherrard, Owen A. A Life of John Wilkes. London, Allen & Unwin, 1930. 319p. S332
This modern biography of Wilkes "attempts to see him as he was, neither straining his virtues nor defending his vices." The work is written mainly from original manuscript sources, supplemented by printed journals, letters, and histories of the times.
Shientag, Bernard L. "From Seditious Libel to Freedom of the Press." Brooklyn Law Review, 11:125-54, April 1942. (Reprinted in Moulders of Legal Thought, pp. 159-97) S333
On the 150th anniversary of the Fox Libel Act, the author traces the liberalization of the English and American libel laws from the strict views of Lord Mansfield and Lord Kenyon in eighteenth-century England to modern times. Lord Kenyon had protested that the Fox Libel Act would prove the confusion and destruction of the libel law of England. The author, a justice of the New York Supreme Court, gives special attention to the New York statutes relating to freedom of speech and of the press.
-------. "The Struggle for a Free Press." New York State Bar Association Bulletin, 17:62-70, April 1945. S334
How the New York Libel Act of 1805 came to be enacted and the influence that it brought about.
Shillito, Edward, "Alfred Noyes Defies Church." Christian Century, 55:1102, 14 September 1938. S335
Discussion of the threat of Catholic Church condemnation of Alfred Noyes's Voltaire and Noyes's letter of defiance.
Shils, Edward A. The Torment of Secrecy; the Background and Consequences of American Security Policies. Glencoe, Ill., Free Press, 1956. 238p. S336
A sociological study of peacetime restriction of information by the government in the interest of national security.
Shipler, Guy E. "Freedom of Press vs. Freedom of Pulpit." Outlook, 108:774-82, 2 December 1914. S337
The author tells how he left the newspaper field to become an Episcopalian clergyman because of the control of newspapers by advertisers and businesses, particularly by department stores, in the city where he was located.
Shipley, Carl L. ["Libel"]. Editor & Publisher, 92(30):58-59, 25 July 1959; 92(31):49, 1 August 1959; 92(33):50, 15 August 1959; 92(34):48-49, 22 August 1959. S338
Part 1 discusses the general concept of laws that protect man's good name in society; part 2 discusses the principles of libel as applied by judges; part 3 considers some injurious statements that are not deemed libelous; and part 4 explores the fine line between freedom of the press and liability for libel. A talk given by a Washington attorney at the Pennsylvania Press Conference, May 1959.
Shipley, Maynard. The War on Modern Science; a Short History of the Fundamentalist Attacks on Evolution and Modernism. New York, Knopf, 1927. 415p. S339
Shipley, Parker. "Obscene Publication Prohibition." Nebraska Law Review, 40:481-91, April 1960. S340
A discussion of problems in the regulation of publication and sale of obscene material in Nebraska; the present state laws; two local ordinances; and recent Nebraska Supreme Court decisions.
[Shipley, William D.]. The Proceedings in the Cause of the King against the Dean of St. Asaph, on the Prosecution of William Jones, for a Libel, at the Great Session Held at Wrexham, for the county of Denbigh, on Monday, September the First, 1783. Taken in Short-Hand by W. Blanchard . . . Printed and distributed gratis by the Society for Constitutional Information. London, 1783. 36p. (Society's Tracts, vol. 2, pp. 41-77) S341
[-------]. The Whole of the Proceedings at the Assizes at Shrewsbury, on Friday August the Sixth, 1784, in the Cause of the King on the Prosecution of William Jones, Attorney at Law, against the Rev. William Davies Shipley, Dean of St. Asaph. For a Libel. Before the Hon. Francis Buller, esq. . . . Taken in Short-Hand by William Blanchard . . . London, Printed by H. Goldney, and sold by J. Johnson. 1784. 112p. With the Proceedings in the Cause of the King against the Dean of St. Asaph . . . 1783. (Also reported in Howell, State Trials, vol. 21, pp. 847 ff; in Borrow, Celebrated Trials, vol. 5, pp. 106-15; and in the Reeves and Turner edition of Erskine's Speeches, vol. 1, pp. 137-393. The last named contains the complete speeches of Erskine and Justice Buller's charge to the jury) S342
The Dean of St. Asaph was brought to trial in 1784 on charges of seditious libel for publishing and distributing Principles of Government, in a Dialogue between a Gentleman and a Farmer, by his brother-in-law, Sir William Jones. The work was a serious tract urging constitutional reform in parliamentary representation. Thomas Erskine represented the Dean in what was to become one of the most noteworthy libel trials in British history. Justice Buller ruled that the jury was limited to deciding whether or not the work had been published and not to consider its subject matter. The jury found the defendant "guilty of publishing only" which confused the judge and led to the request for a new trial. Erskine's eloquent arguments for the expanded rights of the jury in libel cases were answered point by point by Lord Mansfield. The case led to the adoption of Erskine's views in a revision of the libel law in 1792 (Fox Libel Act). The case against the Dean of St. Asaph was ultimately dismissed.
Shoemaker, Floyd C. "Anthony Haswell, Patriot Printer." Quill, 31(3):7, 14, 17, March 1941. S343
Sigma Delta Chi honored the Vermont printer for his championship of Matthew Lyon, first victim of the Sedition Act, and his own consequent imprisonment.
Shoniker, F. R. "Censorship and the Library." In David Martin, ed., Catholic Library Practice. Portland, Ore., University of Portland Press, 1947, pp. 185-91. S344
Shore, Viola B. "You Can't Say That." New Theatre & Film, 4(11):37, 48, April 1937. S345
Censorship of the movies, including a list of expressions taboo in English films.
Shortt, John. Law Relating to Works of Literature and Art; Embracing the Law of Copyright, the Law Relating to Newspapers, the Law Relating to Contracts between Authors, Publishers, Printers, etc., and the Law of Libel; with the Statutes Relating Thereto, Forms of Agreements between Authors, Publishers, etc., and Forms of Pleadings. London, H. Cox, 1871. 780p. S346
"Should Moving Pictures Be Censored?" Current Opinion, 70:652-55, May 1921. S347
Summary of debate in the periodical press between the proponents of movie censorship (principally Wilbur F. Crafts of the International Reform Bureau) and opponents (including Theodore A. Schroeder and the Ladies Home Journal). The New York Evening Mail is quoted as calling for a "purgation in taste rather than morals." Includes a picture of Mr. Crafts.
"Should Newspapers Tell the Truth?" Christian Century, 42:273-75, 26 February 1925. S348
An editorial criticizing the American press for playing up the sordid side of the news disproportionately to other news events, thus creating a "lie of perspective."
"Should School Books Be Censored?" School and Society, 48:405-7, 24 September 1938. (Reprinted from the Educational Supplement of the London Times). S349
A review of a report on provision of school textbooks in various nations, issued by the International Bureau of Education. The reply from the English Board of Education indicates that there is no law or regulation governing the selection or use of textbooks in Great Britain; the choice rests with local authorities, school managers, and teachers. This is in contrast with controls in Germany and Italy and even in the United States where half the states prescribe school textbooks.
"Should the Press be Censored?" Goodwin's Weekly, 19:1, 19 August 1911. S350
The question is answered with a hesitating "yes" and the argument is based on materials in the Mormon controversy.
Showerman, Grant. "Art and Decency." Yale Review, 11 (n.s.):304-14, January 1922. S351
The author rejects the claim of the modern "sex novelist" that "whatever is, is matter for art." The essence of the sex novelist's offense "lies not in the illegality or in the immorality of the matter he represents, but in its ugliness." There are certain things in the world which are necessities in nature but which are inherently offensive and indecent "when they are obtruded upon the perception of other men."
Shriver, Harry C., and Cedric Larson. "Books, Bullets, and Blue-Pencils." Publishers' Weekly, 142:828-33, 5 September 1942. S352
A survey of government wartime censorship as it applies to the importation of foreign books. Many consignments of books to American universities have been destroyed at the port of entry in accordance with rulings that should not apply to research institutions. Includes a review of book banning in World War I and censorship in Canada in World War II.
-------. "Halt! What Book Goes There?" Bill of Rights Review, 2:43-53, Fall 1941. S353
A discussion of the Army's "Index Expurgatorius," the list of books banned from army camps during World War I as violating the Sedition and Espionage Acts. A list of such books, compiled from official records is given on pages 46-50. The objectionable books were also banned from export. The article quotes several contemporary reports of the book banning.
-------. "Mars with a Blue Pencil: The U.S. Censorship Board of 1917-18." Bill of Rights Review, 1:293-302, Summer 1941. S354
Brief description of the operation of censorship in World War I. It "operated silently and effectively" in censoring foreign mail.
-------. "Office of Censorship." Bill of Rights Review, 2:189-200, Spring 1942. S355
An account of the establishment and operation of the World War II agency for directing censorship of information harmful to the prosecution of the war. Discussion of some of the problems faced in protecting the war effort and at the same time preserving essential freedom of the press.
Shryock, Richard H. "Freedom and Interference in Medicine." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 200:32-59, November 1938. S356 §
Discusses suppression of information by the state, by the church, by the organized public, and by the profession itself. Includes references to bans on information on birth control and venereal diseases.
Shufeldt, Robert W. "Critique of the Trial of Ida C. Craddock." Boston Investigator, 82:4-5, 5 April 1902; Truth Seeker, 29:170, 15 March 1902. S357
A review of the obscenity trial in New York City. "History has one more record to make of a backslide in science, and a distinct restriction of personal liberty to the American citizen. Vice, indeed, won a victory, and tyranny scored a brilliant success." Miss Craddock had written a pamphlet on sex education, entitled, The Wedding Night.
-------. "Enemies of Art and Literature in America." Boston Investigator, 69:2, 3 March 1900. S358
A discussion of attacks by the Post Office Department and the courts on scientific works and art pictures involving nudity of the human form.
-------. "Enemies of Art, Sculpture and Anatomy in the Law Courts of Washington, D.C." Medical Review of Reviews, 25:599-604, October 1919. S359
A criticism of the trial of Professor H. M. B. Moens, an anthropologist who was fined and sentenced to prison for having in his possession a series of anthropological photographs of nude native women, intended to illustrate a book he was writing.
-------. "On the Study of the Question of Sex." Alienist and Neurologist, 39:109-17, April 1918. S360
Dr. Shufeldt stresses the importance of sex studies and his objection to placing those studies under taboo.
-------. "Release of Miss Craddock." Boston Investigator, 72:8-9, 5 July 1902. S361
Account of a dinner given by the Free Speech League to Ida C. Craddock on her release from prison, including an address made by Dr. Shufeldt, criticizing the action of the court. Miss Craddock was rearrested for sending her book, The Wedding Night,through the mails. She committed suicide rather than serve another jail sentence.
-------. "Suppression of the Literature of Human Topographical Anatomy in This Country." Pacific Medical Journal, 52:146-53, March 1909. S362
The author opposes censorship of medical books which contain anatomical illustrations.
-------. "Where the Impurists Would Lead Us." Pacific Medical Journal, 55:402-9, July 1912. S363
A defense of sex education for the general public.
Shumaker, W. A. "Clean Books." Law Notes, 29:104-6, September 1925. S364
The writer, while disclaiming sympathy for the purveyors of filth, is in favor of abolishing all restrictions on literature based on "moral" grounds. Obscenity is in the mind of the reader, not in the words of the writer. "Free will to choose with inescapable responsibility for choice is the divine law, and it is at least doubtful if man can improve on it."
Shuman, Edwin L. "The Librarian and Public Taste." Public Libraries, 18:179-82, May 1913; 18:223-27, June 1913; 18:271-74, July 1913. S365
The literary editor of the Chicago Record-Herald advises public librarians on book selection, drawing the analogy of a square, which represents a barrier that keeps out books on four sides--trashy books, too technical books, ill-written books, and immoral books. He discusses changing points of view on what is immoral in literature, cautioning against narrowness. Moralists who lack a sense of proportion do not make good librarians. While acknowledging that evil reading is doing "incalculable harm to the young," it is the price we pay for a free press. The juvenile book that inculcates false standards of life is more objectionable than one that treats frankly with sex. It is the great privilege of the librarian to counteract the evil of bad books with good books.
Shurlock, Goeffrey. "The Motion Picture Production Code." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 254:140-46, November 1947. S366
-------. Movie Self-Regulation. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1964. 4p. (Publication no. 125) S367 §
The director of the Production Code Administration of the Motion Picture Association of America highlights the historical developments leading to current movie control by the industry.
-------. Movies and Morality. New York, Motion Picture Association of America, 1962. 10p. mimeo. S368 §
In a talk before the New York Chapter, Order of Military Chaplains, Mr. Shurlock defends the Production Code as exemplifying "the best way of protecting public morality in a free society."
Shuster, George N. "Letters and Censorship." Commonweal, 10:176-78, 19 June 1929. S369
"How morals and art are related is not an easy matter to determine. The following paper makes no effort to arrive at a complete solution of the problem, but analyzes Catholic negative and positive teaching. The contention is that censorship, however exercised, is only a prelude to a realization of what is good and beautiful, and that the value of art lies in the rightness of its aspiration and in its sanity."
Sibley, Frank. "When Is a Book Pure?" Independent, 118:467-68, 30 April 1927. S370
Deals with the censorship wave that swept Boston in 1927. If officials and the courts were to be consistent in the application of the Massachusetts obscenity laws even the English version of the Bible would be actionable.
Sidmouth, Henry Addington, Viscount. Circular Letter from Lord Viscount Sidmouth to His Majesty's Lieutenants of Counties in England and Wales . . . [re circulation of blasphemous and seditious pamphlets and writings]. London, Ordered printed by the House of Commons, 1817. 2p. (Report 287, vol. 15) S371
In the opinion of the law officers of the Crown "a Warrant may be issued to apprehend a Party, charged on oath for publishing a Libel, either by the Secretary of State, a Judge, or a Justice of the Peace."
Sidney, Algernon. Discourses concerning Government . . . with His Letters, Trial, Apology, and Some Memoirs of His Life. London, A. Miller, 1763. 46p., 496p., 198p. (Memoirs, pp. 1-46); also in Howell, State Trials, vol. 9, pp. 817 ff.) S372
"This was the first indictment of high treason upon which any man lost his life writing anything without publishing it." An unpublished manuscript, believed to have been written by Sidney, stated that the king is subject to the laws of God, as he is a man, and to the people who made him, as he is a king. The manuscript may have been a part of his Discourses concerning Government. Sidney was beheaded in 1683.
Siebert, Fredrick S. "Communications and Government." In Schramm, Mass Communications. Urbana, Ill., University of Illinois Press, 1949, pp. 138-44. S373 §
The author discusses four areas in which government might participate in communications--as a restricting agency, a regulating agency, a facilitating agency, and a participating agency. He recommends "hands off" content; efficient but cautions regulating of the "market-place"; greater facilitating of existing media; and the development of government-owned facilities to supplement commercial channels.
-------. "The Confiscated Revolutionary Press." Journalism Quarterly, 13:179-81, June 1936. S374
In browsing through records in the Public Record Office, London, the author discovered what happened to the confiscated press of the Norfolk Gazette, seized by the British at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War.
-------. "Contemporary Regulations of the British Press." Journalism Quarterly, 8:235-56, June 1931. S375
A compilation of current press regulations. "The statutes have been annotated by the author to the decisions of the English courts."
-------. "Contempt of Court and the Press." Journalism Quarterly, 5(2):22-33, June 1928. S376
-------. "Freedom of Propaganda." Journalism Quarterly, 12:27-36, March 1935. S377
"To what extent does the doctrine of freedom of the press protect the dissemination of propaganda? or, conversely, would any restriction on the free dissemination of propaganda constitute an interference with the guarantees of intellectual liberty such as liberty of speech and of the press?"
-------. Freedom of the Press in England, 1476-1776; the Rise and Decline of Government Controls. Urbana, Ill., University of Illinois Press, 1952. 411p. (Reprinted in Illini Books, paperback edition) S378
A study of the development of freedom of the press in England from the introduction of printing to the drafting of the American Bill of Rights. In tracing the growth and gradual decline of government control of the press in England, Siebert considers three main lines of development: first, the number and variety of government controls; secondly, the efforts at enforcement; and third, the degree of compliance. In his introduction, he identifies three theories of press control in England during the three-hundred-year period: the Tudor-Stuart theory, the Blackstone-Mansfield theory, and the Camden-Erskine-Jefferson theory. In addition, he cites three theories that have developed in modern times: the Holmes-Brandeis "clear and present danger" standard; the point of view of press responsibility expressed in the Hutchins commission report; and the totalitarian theory of the U.S.S.R. Siebert's work is based on firsthand examination of basic documents in various English libraries and depositories. A calendar of important dates in the history of English press freedom is given on pages 14-17.
-------. "The Future of a Free Press." Journalism Quarterly, 32:6-9, Winter 1955. S379
"International tensions and possible shifts of power within the United States will bring threats to press freedom which can be offset only by improved press performance."
-------. "Historical Pattern of Press Freedom." Nieman Reports, 7(3):43-47, July 1953. S380
In an address at the University of Iowa on receiving the research award of Kappa Tau Alpha, Professor Siebert discusses the four theories of press freedom: the authoritarian, the libertarian, the Communist, and the social-responsibility theories.
-------. "The Law and Journalism." Virginia Law Review, 32, 771-80, June 1946. S381
The author discusses "areas in which law and journalism might mutually profit from joint study and cooperation and some possible contributions which the law might make toward assisting the profession of journalism to fulfill more adequately its important social functions." Includes a discussion of the law of libel, "trial by newspaper," and the right of privacy
-------. "Legal Developments Affecting the Press." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 219:93-99, January 1942. S382
"Today the press of the United States finds itself in possession of greater freedom to gather, publish, and comment on the news than ever before in its history. It has also found that the courts are reluctant to extend the meaning of the constitutional guarantees of freedom of the press to cover social and economic regulations, or to grant any special immunities to publish because of the nature of their service to the public."
-------. "News Sources Must Be Protected." Quill, 21(12):3-4, 12, December 1933. S383
Newspapermen should have the legal right to withhold identity of informants.
-------. "Persons' Right to Privacy and Public Right to Know Is Still Unsettled Problem." Quill, 45(4):17, 20, April 1957. S384
"Radio and television have created new areas of dispute in invasion of privacy question, as has increased use of pictures in the press."
-------. "Professional Secrecy and the Journalist." Journalism Quarterly, 36:3-11, Winter 1959. S385
"The problem of obtaining legislation to protect the journalist from compulsion to reveal his news sources is reviewed in detail. In the United States refusal to testify before administrators and legislators is recognized, but in only 12 states are newspapermen protected from demands of courts."
-------. "The Regulation of Newsbooks, 1620-1640." Journalism Quarterly, 16:151-62, June 1939. S386
An account of the Royal licensing of early newspapers ("newsbooks" or "corontos") in England.
-------. "Regulation of the Press in the Seventeenth Century; Excerpts from the Records of the Court of the Stationers' Company." Journalism Quarterly, 13:381-93, December 1936. S387
Notes from unpublished records of the Court of the Stationers' Company, 1602-1717, relating to press regulations.
-------. "Research in Press Law and Freedom of the Press." Journalism Quarterly, 19:69-70, March 1942. S388
A professor of journalism considers the need for research in nine areas--historical, law of libel, contempt, trial by newspaper, confidence laws, state statutes, economic factors, labor, and wartime controls. He calls for "more case studies and fewer studies of cases."
-------. "The Right to Know." ILA Record, 2:13-17, December 1948. S389 §
An account of the world struggle for freedom of the press which is taking place in the United Nations. The author reviews developments within the Commission on Human Rights and the Subcommission of Freedom of Information and of the Press. The vast differences in the Soviet and American understanding of the meaning of freedom has created an ideological impasse.
-------. "The Right to Report by Television." Journalism Quarterly, 34:333-37, Summer 1957. S390
The author discusses the right of access of TV cameramen and newsmen, and the right to report by television in the areas of straight news, features, and entertainment. He also applies the law of privacy to those areas of TV program content, and to advertising.
-------. The Rights and Privileges of the Press. New York, Appleton, Century, 1934. 429p. S391
"An attempt to define the limits of the rights and privileges of the press as they have been laid down by legislatures and courts." Intended as a guide for practicing journalists. An introductory chapter relates to Freedom of the Press. Part 1 deals with The Right to Gather News; Part 2, The Right to Print News; and Part 3, The Right to Comment on the News. The appendix includes the text of the Near v. Minnesota case and a Table of Cases.
-------. "Taxes on Publications in England in the Eighteenth Century." Journalism Quarterly, 21:12-24, March 1944. S392
The stamp tax replaced the earlier licensing as a government means of press control. A chapter from the author's book Freedom of the Press in England.
-------, Theodore Peterson, and Wilbur Schramm. Four Theories of the Press. Urbana, Ill., University of Illinois Press, 1956. 153p. (Reprinted in Illini Books, paperback edition) S393
The authors have identified four systems of social control in which the media of mass communications have operated from the beginning of printing to the present day: Authoritarian theory, represented by the Tudors and Stuarts, in which the state is in control; libertarian theory, guaranteed by the Bill of Rights and in which the press is conceived as a partner in the search for truth; the social responsibility theory, an outgrowth of the libertarian theory, which assures that neither powerful government nor private monopoly prevent the press from carrying out its responsibility to the people. This is the theory advocated by the Hutchins commission. The fourth, the Soviet Communist theory of the press, is a modification of the earlier authoritarian system, with the state in control.
Siebert, Sara, and Linda Lapides. "Shuddered to Think . . ." Top of the News, 22:259-64, April 1966. S394 §
A letter to the editor of a local newspaper complained of the presence of the book, The Prisoners of Combine D by Len Giovannitti, in the young adult section of Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore. This article describes how the incident was handled in light of the book evaluation and selection policy of that library.
Siegel, Seymour N. "Censorship in Radio." Air Law Review, 7:1-24, January 1936. (Excerpted in Summers, Radio Censorship, pp. 58-62) S395
The assistant director of radio broadcasting for the city of New York discusses the formation of the law governing radio, including the Radio Act of 1927 and the Communications Act of 1934, and the operation of subsequent punishment by means of refusal to grant renewal of a license.
Siepmann, Charles A. "Moral Aspects of Television." Public Opinion Quarterly, 24:12-18, Spring 1960. S396
Testimony presented at hearings held by the FCC, 11 December 1959. Siepmann recommends reform in the FCC and its controls of the broadcasting industry to ensure that the public interest in television is guaranteed.
-------. "Propaganda and Information in International Affairs." Yale Law Journal, 55:1258-80, August 1946. S397
A survey of international communications. The author cites the need for international agreements that will ensure the freedom of all media of mass communications.
-------. The Radio Listener's Bill of Rights: Democracy, Radio and You. New York, Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 1948. 52p. S398
Public ignorance, indifference, and inertia are the three dangers to democracy as they apply to radio broadcasting. Siepmann urges public participation in listeners' councils and in other action groups to make radio more responsive to its social obligations.
-------. Radio, Television and Society. New York, Oxford University Press, 1950. 410p. S399
One of the purposes of the book is "to deal with broadcasting as a reflection of our time and to throw light upon the problems of free speech, propaganda, public education, our relations with the rest of the world, and upon the concept of democracy itself." Chapter 9 deals with Freedom of Speech--In Theory; Chapter 10 with Freedom of Speech--In Practice. The latter discusses the various regulations and court decisions that have led to present practices.
-------. Radio's Second Chance. Boston, Little, Brown, 1946. 282 p. S400
The author develops the theme that the airways belong to the people and that networks, under government license, have not fulfilled their public responsibility. He warns that the greatest danger to freedom in communication is public apathy; he stresses the role of the FCC in assuring balanced programs. FM and television offer the broadcasting industry a second chance to develop an agency sensitive to public needs.
-------, and Sidney Reisberg. "'To Secure These Rights': Coverage of a Radio Documentary." Public Opinion Quarterly, 12:649-58, Winter 1948-49. S401
"Origination of a valuable radio program does not alone insure good coverage. Participation by affiliated stations in a network and adequate promotion are equally necessary." Less than half the stations, it was determined, carried this civil rights documentary.
Sifron, Victor. Rights and Citizenship. The Threat to Our Freedom. Winnipeg, Can., Winnipeg Free Press, [1954]. 8p. (Winnipeg Free Press Pamphlet no. 49) S402
An address by the chancellor of the University of Manitoba. "We think we have free speech, freedom of person, free assembly, a free press, and freedom of religion. What we forget is that in one way or another they have been challenged several times within recent years." He discusses the Padlock Law, the Alberta Press Act, and the Jehovah's Witnesses case in Quebec.
Sigler, Jay A. "Customs Censorship." Cleveland-Mashall Law Review, 15:58-74, January 1966. S403
A review of the history and administration of Customs censorship in the United States as applied against obscenity and Communist propaganda, with brief comments on Customs censorship in Great Britain and Commonwealth countries.
-------. "Freedom of the Mails: A Developing Right." Georgetown Law Journal, 54:30-54, Fall 1965. S404
"Concluding that a freedom of the mails is implicit in the first amendment's freedom of speech guarantee, the author explores various activities of the Post Office Department which tend to abridge this freedom. Professor Sigler notes that the postal censorship power is growing more popular with Congress, but he voices cautious optimism about an eventual recognition of a freedom of the mails. The recent Supreme Court decision in Lamont v. Postmaster General is largely responsible for this optimism."
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