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S., E. "A Forgotten Journalist." Athenaeum, 3734:626, 20 May 1899. S1
William Bingley, printer of John Wilkes's North Briton, was brought to trial for seditious libel. His "known career begins with a bookseller's shop opposite Durham Yard in the Strand. Here he continued the North Briton after Wilkes had relinquished it." For unguarded words (in no. 50) he was committed to Newgate and remained in prison about two years.
Sabadosh, Audrey. "Teenagers View Censorship." Top of the News, 22:278-80, April 1966. S2 §
A report on a questionnaire about reading distributed to English classes in Brecksville (Ohio) High School, indicating a wide variety of views for and against censorship.
Sabsay, David. "The Challenge of the 'Fisk Report.'" California Libraries, 20:222-23, 256, October 1959. S3
A critique of the study on book selection and censorship in California libraries made by Marjorie Fisk. The author suggests ways in which the library profession can improve the situation.
[Sacheverell, Henry]. The Tryal of Dr. Henry Sacheverell, before the House of Peers, for High Crimes and Misdemeanors; upon an Impeachment by the Knights, Citizens and Burgesses in Parliament Assembled, in the Name of Themselves, and of all the Commons of Great Britain . . . London, Published by order of the House of Peers by Jacob Tonson, 1710. 335p. (Also in Howell, State Trials, vol. 15, pp. 1 ff, and in Borrow, Celebrated Trials, vol. 3, pp. 293-321) S4
This eminent English minister was impeached by Parliament for criticism of the Whigs in two printed sermons. He was sentenced not to preach for three years and his sermons were ordered burned by the common hangman.
Sachs, Ed. "I Want Candy." Focus/Midwest, 3(2):11-13, 23-24, 1964. S5
The author, learning that the current novel, Candy, was not being sold in Chicago, set out to investigate Chicago police censorship. After interviews with police and city officials (including a man in the police department who has spent most of the past three years reading dirty magazines), the publisher, and numerous Chicago book dealers, the author finds that Chicago may be "the most severe city in the United States" in restricting magazines and books--a "New Boston."
Saerchinger, César. "Radio, Censorship and Neutrality." Foreign Affairs, 18:337-49, January 1940. S6
"We do not want radio, now that it has become such a powerful medium of publicity, to be controlled or bureaucratically censored from 'above.' On the other hand, we do not wish to see it exploited by unseen forces beyond our control."
"Safe-guarding Our Minds." Nation, 107:795, 28 December 1918. S7
Criticism of Post Office censorship of books, including reading matter for soldiers, as "a disgrace to the American intelligence."
Sagarin, Edward. The Anatomy of Dirty Words. New York, Lyle Stuart, 1962. 220p. Introduction by Allen Walker Read. S8
The author believes that modern man exhibits an unwholesome and antibiological attitude toward the physical functions of the body by his use of taboo or "dirty" words as expressions of abusive negative qualities. The current relaxation of restriction on the use of taboo sex terms does not solve the basic social problem. The increased frequency of use of these words reinforces and intensifies as well as reflects the unwholesome attitudes.
St. George, Maximilian, and Lawrence Dennis. A Trial on Trial; the Great Sedition Trial of 1944. n.p., National Civil Rights Committee, 1945. 503p. S9
Two of the defense attorneys in the mass sedition trial of 1944 write a criticism of the government prosecution and "the use of criminal law and criminal procedures as an instrument of political policy and as a tool of political propaganda." The defendants, because of written and spoken words, were accused of contributing to a Nazi world-movement.
[Saint-John, Henry, Viscount Bolingbroke]. The Doctrine of Innuendo's Discuss'd; or, the Liberty of the Press maintain'd: being some thoughts upon the present treatment of the printer and publishers of the Craftsman. London, Printed for the author, 1731. 26p. S10
This anonymous pamphlet, probably written by either Bolingbroke or William Pultney, defended the right of men to state their thoughts in print "on state matters as well as others," and objected to the government practice of charging "sedition" for the slightest innuendo. This forced the writers of The Craftsman to develop an ingenious method of avoiding offense and libel by drawing upon facts and parallels of history to attack the present administration. Lord Hervey had challenged the integrity of such methods in his Observations on the Writings of The Craftsman.
[-------]. Final Answer to the Remarks on the Craftsman's Vindication, and to All the Libels, which Have Come, or May Come from the Same Quarter against the Person, Last Mentioned in the Craftsman of the 22d of May. London, R. Francklin, 1731. 32p. (Also appears in Lord Bolingbroke's Works. Philadelphia, Cary and Hart, 1841. vol. 1, pp. 456-73) S11
Lord Bolingbroke, one of the anonymous sponsors of the publication, The Craftsman, defends the editorial policy of the paper against its critics and makes general comments on the law of libels. His answer is directed especially against a pamphlet entitled Remarks on The Craftsman's Vindication. The publisher of The Craftsman, Richard Francklin, was freed of libel charges in 1729.
[-------]. A Proper Reply to a late Scurrilous Libel; intitled, Sedition and Defamation display'd. In a Letter to the Author. By Caleb D'Anvers, of Gray's-Inn . . . London, R. Francklin, 1731. 36p. S12
The imaginary editor of The Craftsman defends that paper against libel charges leveled by the spokesmen of the Walpole administration in their pamphlets, Sedition and Defamation Display'd . . . , Observations on the Writings of the Craftsman, Sequel . . . , and Further Observations . . . Authorship is attributed to Lord Bolingbroke or William Pultney.
St. John-Stevas, Norman. "Art, Morality and Censorship." Ramparts, 2:40-48, May 1963. S13
The political editor of the Economist argues for freedom of expression in matters of sexual morality and behavior. This is "the only sphere, apart from blasphemy and sedition, where freedom of expression is materially restricted in western liberal societies. The need for such freedom is greater than ever today, when literature and especially the novel is so closely concerned with psychological problems and a naturalistic or realistic presentation of life." While creative writers need to be free of legal restraints in order to create literature, they also have an obligation to exercise self-discipline. He cites three "interior restraints"; the exercise of prudence, the recognition of moral values of a universal character, and the imposition of the discipline imposed by the work of art itself.
-------. "The Author Wins His Battle." Catholic World, 195:34-42, April 1962. S14
In a continuation of an earlier article, the author traces obscenity law from the Victorian period to the recent furor over Lady Chatterley's Lover. Authors have won their fight for protection now that British law and American courts have arrived at substantially the same test for obscenity. We must now battle "hard-core pornography."
-------. "Author's Struggles with the Law." Catholic World, 194:345-50, March 1962. S15
In an address before the First Amendment Forum, the writer shows that the obscenity law first was restricted to the control of pornography, but eventually began to mishandle literature. He traces the early development of English obscenity law from the appearance of Venus in the Cloister (1727) to the enactment of the law against obscene libel (1857).
-------. Birth Control and Public Policy. A Report to the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions. Santa Barbara, Calif., The Center, 1960. 84p. S16
-------. "Censorship and Law." Commonweal, 70:146-48, 8 May 1959. S17
"With the passage of the Obscene Publications Bill, English law will closely approximate that of the United States." A discussion of the present state of obscenity law in the United States and England. Primary responsibility for a moral literature, the author points out, rests not upon the law but upon the standards of integrity of authors.
-------. "The Censorship of Plays." Writer, 67:54-57, Spring 1957. S18
A brief history of British stage censorship under the Lord Chamberlain; how it has survived and how it operates at the present time.
-------. "Intent and the Law." New Statesman, 48:428-29, 9 October 1954. S19
The development of the obscenity law in England and current proposals for handling the infection of the crime comic, largely imported from America.
-------. "Obscenity and the Law." Criminal Law Review, 1954:817-33, November 1954. S20
A general history of obscenity under English common and statutory law, followed by an analysis of some of the important questions on which the law is uncertain--intention of author or publisher, defenses that are permissible, tests of the character of the book, and evidence that is admissible. The author comments favorably on the abandonment of the Hicklin formula in the American decision on Joyce's Ulysses.
-------. "Obscenity and the Law Reform." Spectator, 194:119-20, 4 February 1955. S21
Consideration of the proposal by the Herbert Committee for reform of the British Obscene Publications Act.
-------. Obscenity and the Law. With an Introduction by Sir Alan P. Herbert. London, Secker & Warburg, 1956. 289p. S22
A study that approaches the problem of obscenity from both the legal and literary points of view. The author, who is both a writer and lawyer, traces the development of obscenity law from the days of the ecclesiastical courts and Star Chamber to the latest decision of the British courts. While largely devoted to the British scene, a chapter is devoted to Irish censorship and censorship in the United States--the Ulysses case, God's Little Acre, the NODL, the Gathings Committee, and attacks on comic books. Appendices include a draft bill for the reform of the British obscenity law, comparative law of the Commonwealth and foreign countries, and a list of reported cases in England and the United States. A lengthy review of the book by Harry Kalven, Jr., appears in the July 1957 issue of Library Quarterly.
-------. "Obscenity, Literature and the Law." Dublin Review, 230(471):41-56, Summer 1956. (Reprinted in Downs, The First Freedom, pp. 67-75) S23 §
An English lawyer and author examines the existing British obscenity laws which he states still reflect the thinking of Chief Justice Cockburn as laid down in the Hicklin case in 1868. He discusses the provisions of the reform bill drafted by the Herbert Committee which abolishes the old common law offense of obscene libel. The bill was subsequently enacted.
-------. "Obscenity, Literature and the Law." Catholic Lawyer, 3:301-11, Autumn 1957. S24 §
The author is concerned with "how far the state should intervene to protect members of society from corruption by the dissemination of obscene literature." He considers the changing standards of obscenity in England from the Hicklin case down to proposed changes in the British law in which an effort is made to distinguish pornography from serious works that may, by contemporary standards, be considered shocking or obscene.
-------. "Printers' Censorship." Spectator, 195:792-94, 9 December 1957. S25
"Printers all over the country have employed extra readers to hunt through manuscripts, especially novels, and to mark passages which some old lady or police might consider obscene. Until such passages have been deleted they refuse to print the book." A reform in the obscenity law, giving security to the printer, is needed to prevent growth of this insidious censorship.
St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Symposium on Freedom of the Press. St. Louis, Post-Dispatch, 1939. 76p. (Reprints from the Post-Dispatch from 13 to 25 December 1938) S26
Brief statements from 120 representative Americans on the freedom of the press, including an introductory letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Sait, Edward McChesney. Clerical Control of Quebec. New York, Truth Seeker, n.d. 158p. S27
Contents: Theocratic Quebec, Educational System, Clerical Censorship of Press and Theater, and Undue influence in Elections.
Salant, Richard S. The 1960 Campaign and Television. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1961. 9p. (Publication no. 66). S28 §
The president of C.B.S. News, in an address before the 1961 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, discusses the great television debate between John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon--its origin, its implications, and its significance.
-------. "Television's Access to News." ASNE Bulletin, 461:5-6, 1 February 1963. S29
Defends the right of the people to televised coverage of Congress and the Supreme Court.
[Salmon, Lucy M.]. "Censorship." Encyclopedia Britannica, 13th ed., 1926. vol. 1 of supp., pp. 562-63. S30
General statement on United States wartime censorship (World War I) based on the author's personal clipping collection on censorship and propaganda, now in Vassar College Library.
-------. The Newspaper and Authority. New York, Oxford University Press, 1923. 505p. S31
The author attempts to discover "how far the restrictions placed on the newspaper press by external authority have limited its serviceableness for the historian in his attempt to reconstruct the past." Chapters include Theory of Censorship, Preventive Censorship (wartime), Punitive Censorship, Regulation of the Press, Taxes on Knowledge, Clandestine Press, and Libel. The study embraces United States, Great Britain, France, Germany, and, to a lesser extent, a number of other countries. A companion volume to the author's The Newspaper and the Historian.
-------. The Newspaper and the Historian. New York, Oxford University Press, 1923. 566p. S32
The purpose of the volume is to discover the advantages and limitations of the newspaper press to the historian in reconstructing the past. Several sections relate to press control and freedom. Chapter 3, Guarantees of Probability, considers guarantees of freedom and accuracy imposed by law and self-imposed; Chapter 7, The Official Reporter, considers restrictions in parliamentary reporting and the withholding of public information by government agencies; Chapter 9, The War Correspondent, considers military censorship; and Chapter 16, The Authoritativeness of the Press, explores the suppression of news by the government and by the press itself. A companion volume to the author's The Newspaper and Authority.
Salmon, Thomas. A New Abridgement and Critical Review of the State Trials . . . London, Printed for J. R. and J. Hazard, et. al., 1738. 922p. S33
Includes brief accounts of the following trials relating to press freedom: William Anderton, John Bastwick, Nathan Brooks, Henry Care, Elizabeth Cellier, Stephen College, William Fuller, Benjamin Harris, John Lilburne, William Prynne, Henry Sacheverell, John Tutchin, John Twyn, and John Wharton.
Salter, Katharine H. An Open Letter to Charles Taft, President of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. Oberlin, Ohio, The Author, 1947. 41p. S34
The purpose of the pamphlet, according to the author, is to bring to the attention of the American public some basis facts concerning church-backed antidiscrimination legislation and the difficulties that have been placed in the way of those fighting the measure "to use the 18th century bill of rights--freedom of speech, press, assembly . . . and religion, in a normal fashion, to state their side of the case."
"The Salvation of Mediocrity." Independent, 118:326-27, 26 March 1927. S35
Criticizes the action of the Boston police in demanding that nine novels be withdrawn from booksellers' shelves as "silly and unwise." Censorship "never protects and it usually does little more than draw attention to what would otherwise have gone relatively unknown."
Samuel, Herbert L. "Liberty of Speech and of the Press." New Statesman, 9:223-25, 9 June 1917. S36
Wartime censorship in Britain has exceeded that necessary for military reasons. The writer would take the responsibility for political censorship out of the hands of the military, who are "rather prone to see only the direct advantage of repression without the harm of restricting freedom." Reference is made to the suppression of the overseas circulation of The Nation.
Samuels, Alec. "Obscenity and the Law: the Balance between Freedom to Publish and Public Decency." Law Society's Gazette, 61:729-37, November 1964. S37
"How can we suppress pornography (literally the writing of prostitutes) and at the same time protect literature?" The author considers the problem in light of recent court decisions under the British Obscene Publications Act of 1959.
[Sancroft, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, et al.]. The Proceedings and Tryal in the Case of . . . William Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, and . . . William Lord Bishop of St. Asaph . . . London, Printed for Thomas Basset and Thomas Fox, 1689. 140p. (Also in Howell, State Trials, v. 12, pp. 183 ff) S38
The case is commonly known as the "trial of the seven bishops" who were accused of "publishing, and causing to be publish'd, a seditious libel." The questions of both publication and libel were left to the decision of the jury who found the defendants "not guilty." The precedent established by this case in allowing the jury to judge whether the work was libelous, was not followed in later cases until established in law by the Fox Libel Act of 1792. Laurence Hanson states that "the verdict of 'not guilty' immensely furthered the Revolution." The Bishops of Ely, Chichester, Bath and Wells, Peterborough, and Bristol were the others standing trial.
Sanders, Robert E. The Great Debate. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1961. 28p. (Publication no. 67) S39 §
An analysis of the television debates between John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon during the 1960 presidential election campaign, together with comments from informed observers.
Sandwell, B. K. "Censorship." In Encyclopedia Americana. New York, Encyclopedia Americana, 1955. vol. 6, pp. 193a-f. S40
-------. "Freedom of Speech by Radio." Saturday Night, 67:4-7, 17 November 1951. S41
The author favors retaining present restrictions on broadcasting of opinions over Canadian radio. He bases his point of view on the technical nature of radio, which permits a limited number of channels and because of radio's unique position in a household.
-------. "Guard the Juvenile Mind." Canadian Home Journal, 38:3, 43, August 1941. S42
-------. "Mr. Duplessis Moves In; TV Censorship in Quebec." Saturday Night, 68:7, 15 November 1952. S43
The Province of Quebec claims the right to censor its telecasts. The author doubts that the central Dominion authorities have the right to control content, but only the physical facilities of broadcasting.
-------. "Radio Free Speech: The Pitches Are Limited." Saturday Night, 67:4-5, 19 January 1952. S44
The author draws a distinction between limiting the expression of ideas on radio and in books and newspapers. Since channels of communications are limited, every citizen cannot have an absolute right to speech over radio. "Somebody has to determine who shall speak over the radio and who shall not." Other media are available to citizens.
San Francisco, California. Power of City and County to Enact Ordinances Regulating Traffic in Obscene Literature. San Francisco, The City, 1960. 14p. mimeo. S45
Sanger, Margaret. An Autobiography. New York, Norton, 1938. 504p. S46
An American leader in the fight for birth control describes her experiences which include numerous threats to freedom of speech and press: The Post Office banning of her book, What Every Girl Should Know, and the first issue of Woman Rebel (March 1914); her flight to Canada to avoid prosecution under the Comstock law; the difficulties in getting her Family Limitations pamphlet published in New York and the various arrests for its distribution. She also relates her efforts in the 1930's to amend the Comstock law to permit distribution of information on contraceptives. The campaign was conducted by the National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control. Several chapters deal with her work with British Neo-Malthusians.
-------. Birth Control Through the Ages. A Chronological History of the Birth Control Movement from Ancient to Modern Times. New York, Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 1940. 15p. S47
Numerous references to suppression of publications and trials and imprisonment of authors and publishers.
-------. Case for Birth Control; a Supplementary Brief and Statement of Facts, Prepared by Margaret Sanger to Aid the Court in Its Consideration of the Statute Designed to Prevent the Dissemination of Information for Preventing Conception. New York, The Author, 1917. 251p. S48
This was prepared as part of Mrs. Sanger's defense before the New York courts, on a charge of circulating information for prevention of conception.
[-------]. A Catalogue of the Margaret Sanger Papers, 1914-1939 in The Library of Congress. Gift and Deposit by Mrs. Sanger, 1942. [New York, 1943]. 202p. Typescript. (Prepared by Florence Rose, personal secretary to Mrs. Sanger) S49
A comprehensive listing of correspondence, manuscripts, legal documents, photographs, clippings, and publications dealing with the career of Margaret Sanger and the birth control movement in America and abroad. There are introductory and explanatory remarks relating to the various associated organizations. Includes files on court cases involving suppression of information on birth control and the opposition of the Catholic Church.
-------. "Letter from Margaret Sanger." Mother Earth, 10:75-78, April 1915. S50 §
Account of the Post Office suppression of Woman Rebel for March, May, July, August, September, and October 1914, and the arrest of Mrs. Sanger, its editor, on a charge of obscenity.
-------. My Fight for Birth Control. New York, Farrar & Rinehart, 1931. 360p. S51
The American leader of the birth control movement recounts her lifelong crusade, including frequent brushes with the authorities for distribution of birth control literature.
-------. "Shall We Break This Law?" Birth Control Review, 1(1):4, February 1917. S52
"If she must break the law to establish her right to voluntary motherhood, then the law shall be broken." The same issue carries an article by Havelock Ellis on Birth Control in Relation to Morality.
-------. The Suppressed "Obscene" Articles. [New York? 1914?] 16p. S53
Deals with the New York Post Office suppression of issues of the Woman Rebel for March 1914. Contains the text of the objectionable articles: The Prevention of Conception, Open Discussion, and The Birth Control League.
[-------]. Supreme Court, Appellate Division--Second Department. [People of the State of New York ex rel Margaret Sanger, Ethel Byrne and Fannie Mindell] Appellant's Brief in Support of Motion for Stay of Proceedings. New York, Hecla Press, n.d. 56p. S54
Margaret Sanger, Ethel Byrne, and Fannie Mindell were convicted for giving birth control information.
-------. "The War Against Birth Control." American Mercury, 2:231-36, June 1924. S55
Margaret Sanger, through her experience of ten years of suppression and persecution, touches "upon certain aspects of the psychology of these thought-suppressors--aspects perhaps unfamiliar to many who have never incurred their enmity."
-------, et al. ["Birth Control"]. Nation, 134:89, 102-14, 27 January 1932. S56
A group of advocates, including Robert S. Allen, Henry Pratt Fairchild, William Allen Pusey, John Dewey, and Morris L. Ernst, discuss various aspects of birth control, including the record of suppression of birth control information.
[Sanger, William]. The Trial of William Sanger, September 10th, 1915, With an Introduction by James Waldo Fawcett. New York, 1917. 15p. S57
The story of the arrest, trial, and conviction of William Sanger for giving a copy of his wife's pamphlet on birth control, Family Limitations, to an agent provocateur of the vice society. Unwilling to pay the fine imposed by the Court, Sanger spent 30 days in the city prison. The story is made up of excerpts from the New York Call and New York Times.
Sankey-Jones, Nancy E. Theodore Schroeder on Free Speech; a Bibliography. New York, Free Speech League, 1919. 24p. S58
A bibliography of the published writings of this prominent crusader for freedom of speech and press. Covers the years 1896-1919.
Santayana, George. "Censor and the Poet," In Soliloquies in England. New York, Scribner's, 1922, pp. 155-59. S59
Santayana's "censor" is "an important official of the inner man" whose function is to "forbid the utterance . . . of unparliamentary sentiments, and to suppress all reports not in the interest of our moral dignity." If erotica could be passed by the censor and treated judiciously "it would enrich the arts and at the same time disinfect the mind." Europeans, unlike Orientals, cannot seem to treat natural things naturally. Under the circumstances "public art and the inner life have to flow separately, the one remains conventional, the other clouded and incoherent." Poets under such conditions would not only offend the public but would do an injustice to their theme. It is well, therefore, that the censor, "by imposing silence, keeps them from attempting the impossible."
Sapp, Phyllis W. "It Happened to One Book." Christian Century, 75:432-33, 9 April 1958. S60
Account of deletions from a Southern Baptist study book about home mission work with Negroes, to avoid offending Southerners. Despite the revisions, the book was withdrawn from Baptist bookstores for a time. "Some people feared study of the book would provide discussion."
Sargeant, Howland. "Voice of the Free World." U.S. Department of State Bulletin, 22:330-34, 27 February 1950. S61
Excerpts from a speech about the "Voice of America" breaking the censorship of the Iron Curtain countries.
Sargent, Noel. "Press Censorship." Central Law Journal, 85:60-68, 27 July 1917. S62 §
In light of proposed wartime censorship, the author attempts to answer the question: Under the Constitution how far can Congress go in passing laws regulatory of the press? He believes that only military news should be prevented from free distribution, but that this should be released when the action is over and it can no longer harm the war effort. Military commanders should not be permitted indefinite suppression of news.
Sarnoff, David. "In Favor of Self-Regulation." In Summers, Radio Censorship, pp. 230-32. S63
From a statement on network broadcasting before the FCC made by the president of the Radio Corporation of America, 14 December 1938. Printed in pamphlet form by RCA under the title, To the Stockholders.
Sarnoff, Robert W. Through the Regulatory Looking Glass--Darkly. New York, National Broadcasting Co., 1965. 17p. S64
In an address to the N.B.C. Television Affiliates meeting, the chairman of the Board of N.B.C. attacked the old enemies of government regulation--equal time restrictions, "the official meddling fostered by the so-called 'fairness doctrine,'" prohibition of television access to legislative and judicial proceedings--and the more recent inroads into programming and business practices. "The Commission was not given the mission of reforming broadcasting to serve the interests of the few rather than the many." If FCC undertakes to tinker with the basic mechanisms of television it will create more problems than solutions.
Saroyan, William. "A Cold Day." In his The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze. New York, Random House, 1934, pp. 153-63. (Reprinted in Downs, The First Freedom, pp. 281-84) S65 §
Saroyan considers burning old books--even to keep warm--as blasphemous, in this brief sketch which is possibly autobiographical.
Saunders, Stephan L. "Catholics, Censorship and Classification." Catholic Preview of Entertainment, 5:26-28, October 1961. S66
Classification by exhibitors cannot possibly satisfy all groups. But Catholics have the Legion of Decency which classifies movies on the basis of established moral standards. Catholics are advised to form local film councils in cooperation with the Legion of Decency and to follow their advice. The best control is exercised by the movie patron at the box office.
Saunders, W. C. "Tom Watson Marked." Down Homer, 6:1-7, July 1912. S67
Account of Watson's arrest for "obscene" criticism of Catholicism.
[Savage, George, et al.]. "Mr. Hearst and Sex; Report of a Citizens Committee, Seattle." Saturday Review, 30:16-17, 32, 12 July 1947. S68
During the fall of 1946 the Hearst paper, the Seattle Post-Intelligence launched a crusade against salacious literature. Seattle's Mayor Devin appointed a citizens committee, headed by Professor George Savage of the University of Washington, to consider the issues. Other members were: J. B. Harrison, Mrs. A. M. Walrath, Rev. Allan Lorimer, Harry C. Bauer, and John Richards. After months of deliberation the committee gave birth to a "sane and stimulating statement" printed here.
Savage, William S. "Abolitionist Literature in the Mails, 1835-1836." Journal of Negro History, 13:150-84, April 1928. S69
An account of the efforts of Southerners to keep abolitionist literature out of the mails. Includes the controversy faced by the Postmaster General, President Jackson, and the Congress, which resulted in a Post-Office policy which took the decision on what was to be sent through the mails out of the hands of local postmasters.
-------. The Controversy over the Distribution of Abolition Literature, 1830-1860. Washington, D.C., The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, 1938. 141p. S70
The controversy began in the 1830's with efforts of the abolitionist societies to distribute their newspapers in the South. This account discusses the dispute over freedom of the mails as it related to antislavery literature, a dispute that was waged for three decades in the state legislatures, the Congress, the office of the President, and finally in the courts.
"Save America from Ruin." Missionary Review, 47:10-12, January 1924. S71
An attack on the vast quantity of pernicious literature that the author believes is flooding America.
Saveth, Edward N. "What to Do About Dangerous Textbooks." Commentary, 13:99-106, February 1952. S72
A discussion of attacks made on textbooks both from the left and the right: "Qualified criticism, not pressure tactics, is the appropriate means of making one's views felt insofar as the writing and revision of textbooks are concerned."
Saville, William B. The Press and the House of Lords, 1696-1780. Urbana, Ill., University of Illinois, 1947. 146p. (Unpublished Master's thesis) S73
Includes prosecution for libels on members and for printing reports of Parliament, with special attention given to the John Wilkes case.
Sawilowsky, Yale S. Censorship and the Librarian. University, Miss., University of Mississippi, 1964. 60p. (Unpublished Master's essay) S74
Sawyer, Geoffrey. A Guide to Australian Law for Journalists, Authors, Printers, and Publishers. Melbourne, Melbourne University Press, 1949. 96p. S75
Includes laws on copyright, defamation, court coverage, obscenity, blasphemy, sedition, and control of advertising.
Say, H. B. "Censorship and Security." U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, 79:134-41, February 1953. S76
Discussion of censorship principles and practices in World War II and in the period of the cold war, with special reference to the armed forces.
Sayers, Dorothy L. "How Free is the Press?" In Unpopular Opinions. London, Gollancz, 1946, pp. 127-33. S77
This essay, written in 1941, is a caustic criticism of the British press, free in a technical and legal sense, but "shackled to its own set of overlords" and exercising "a powerful bondage upon its readers and on the public in general." The press "exists not so much to express opinion as to manufacture it." Specifically, the writer complains of the sensational headlines, the false emphasis, the suppression of context, the garbling, the inaccurate reporting or reversing of facts, the random and gratuitous invention, the deliberate miracle-mongering, and the flat suppression. The reader is helpless to oppose the vested interests. The press, not the reader, possesses the freedom.
Sayers, Frances Clarke. "If the Trumpet Be Not Sounded." Wilson Library Bulletin, 39:659-62, 684, April 1965. S78
"Librarianship is only now emerging from uncertainty into an awareness of its obligation to profess a strong belief in intellectual freedom and to substantiate that profession with action, when it is necessary." Looking across the years at the changing concepts of librarianship--as teacher, censor, and umpire--Mrs. Sayers sees an emerging role as "inciter, arouser, as trumpeter and champion." She describes the persecution of ideas and of librarians that took place during and immediately following World War I, and the greater maturity of judgment in the library profession that enabled librarians to withstand the hysteria of McCarthyism and the obsession with communism that followed World War II. She describes her own experience in being faced with the persecution techniques of the censor when she was superintendent of work with children in the New York Public Library. "No other profession is as well equipped for the confrontation with the future as is our profession. . . . As people who hold to the redemptive power of books, we have books behind us, and we know them well enough to have acquired an historical perspective of the vagaries of men's minds. . . . We are vital because we function at the center of the passion and action of our time. . . . We will be the explorers, the discoverers and the sounders of trumpets."
Sayers, W. C. Berwick. "Banning of Books in Libraries." Library Review, 1:184-87, Spring 1928. S79
While deploring the moral bankruptcy of modern novelists, Sayers advises public librarians to remember the interests of the patrons and to keep out personal bias. "My own view of [the rules of selection] is simply this: no novel written in recent years has sufficient quality to be a source of trouble between a public and its people. Buy it, if the reviewers praise it enough; circulate it freely until someone objects; and in that event withdraw it from the open shelf, but leave it in the catalogue. The person who wants it will ask for it, and if that person is of mature years, may be allowed, without question, to have it."
Scanlon, Arthur J. "The Cardinal Hays Literature Committee." Catholic Action, 15:7-8, 10, February 1933. S80
The secretary of the Committee considers the work of the organization in the promotion of good literature and discouragement of bad. Advice to the reader includes preparation of a "white list" of approved plays. The Committee also offers advice to publishers, authors, and the general public.
Scanlon, Helen L., comp. Freedom of Communication in Wartime. Select List of References on Censorship in Time of War. Washington, D.C., The Library, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1942. 11p. mimeo. (Select Bibliographies, no. 12) S81
Scarboro, J. A. "Free Press on Trial in America." In William L. Clark, Hell at Midnight in Springfield, Illinois. 4th ed. Milan, Ill., The Author, 1914, pp. 122-45. S82 §
The editor of The Liberator, Magnolia, Ark., reports on the prosecution of publishers "who print the truth about Romanism, for sending obscene matter through the mails." He describes the cases of William Lloyd Clark in the Peoria, Ill., trial for publishing Hell at Midnight . . . , The Appeal to Reason case, Girard, Kan., the case of Thomas E. Watson of Georgia, and The Menace of Aurora, Mo. Other commentary on the Clark trial is given on pp. 146-88.
Schafer, Joseph. "Popular Censorship of History Texts." Wisconsin Magazine of History, 6:450-61, June 1923. S83
Editorial comments on a unique Wisconsin law forbidding adoption of a textbook in Wisconsin public schools "which falsifies the facts regarding the War of Independence or the War of 1812 or which defames our nation's founders or misrepresents the ideals and causes for which they struggled and sacrificed, or which contains propaganda favorable to any foreign government."
Schall, James V. "Censorship in the Church." Commonweal, 83:601-3, 25 February 1966. S84
Scharper, Philip J. You Can't Ban Those Books and Films! New York, Information Features, n.d. 8p. (Reprint from monthly publication of the Paulist Fathers) S85 §
Questions on the work of the Catholic Church's National Office for Decent Literature, answered by a Catholic editor.
Schary, Dore. "Censorship and Stereotypes." Saturday Review of Literature, 32(18):9-10, 30 April 1949. S86
A film producer takes exception to the views of John Haynes Holmes and John Mason Brown (26 February and 12 March) who criticize censorship activities by sensitive minority groups. The use of uncomplimentary stereotypes of racial groups is propaganda for bigotry, and minority groups have a right to defend themselves against such abuse. Such efforts ought not be condemned by an unsympathetic demand for freedom of expression.
Schattenfield, Thomas S. "Judicial Independence and Freedom of the Press." Western Reserve Law Review, 6:175-82, Winter 1955. S87
Notes on cases, 1831-1954.
Schenk, Gretchen K., ed. "Meeting the Censorship Problem." Wilson Library Bulletin, 36:484, February 1962. S88
Brief reference to the use of a "Request for Review of Library Materials" used at Santa Fe (River) Regional Library, Fla., which gives the reading public a chance to be critical of books in the library.
Scher, Jacob. "Access to Information: Recent Legal Problems." Journalism Quarterly, 37(1):41-52, Winter 1960. S89
-------. 5 U.S.C. 1002 Change Discussed. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1960. 4p. (Publication no. 45) S90 §
The chief counsel of the House Subcommittee on Government Information comments on the Committee's proposal to change the public information section of the Administrative Procedure Act.
-------. On Executive Privilege. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1960. 9p. (Publication no. 43) S91 §
This paper is based upon a longer study prepared by the writer for the House Subcommittee on Government Information.
-------. "Some Comments on the Law of Obscenity." Northwestern University Tri-Quarterly, 2(3):3-10, Spring 1960. S92
Schick, Franz. "Propaganda and the Library." California Library Association Bulletin, 3:61-63, December 1941. S93
The librarian had always been advised to play the role of a neutral, seeing to it that all points of view in a controversy were represented in the collection. The present world crisis, however, requires that librarians no longer be impartial, that subversive propaganda be rejected and that a self-imposed censorship be instituted.
Schlesinger, Arthur M. "Colonial Newspapers and the Stamp Act." New England Quarterly, 8:63-83, March 1935. S94
"Since the first widespread employment of newspaper propaganda in America coincided with the adoption of the Stamp Act, a consideration of the circumstances and results may serve as a sort of knot-hole through which to view the first stages of a developing journalistic warfare which eventually led to revolution and independence." The article describes the widespread defiance of the stamp tax by the colonial newspapers that viewed the tax as a threat to the freedom of the press. Schlesinger's book, Prelude to Independence: The Newspaper War on Britain, 1764-76 (New York, Knopf, 1958) records British overseas policy on freedom of the press.
Schloff, Kay D. "Prior Censorship of a Motion Picture by a State is Not a Violation of Free Speech and Press." University of Detroit Law Journal, 38:483-89, April 1961. S95
Times Film Corp. v. Chicago, 365 U.S. 43 (1961).
Schlytter, Leslie E. "Jural Esthetics and Jural Ethics." Saturday Review of Literature, 29(6):23-24, 9 February 1946. S96
In a letter to the editor the author discusses the principle that scientifically valid jural esthetics must be controlled by jural ethics. He refers to efforts to define obscenity.
Schmeiser, D. A. Civil Liberties in Canada. Oxford, Eng., Oxford University Press, 1964. 302p. S97
Chapter 5 deals with the communicative freedoms, a discussion of legislative jurisdiction (the role of Parliament versus legislatures), criminal sanctions as applied to blasphemy, defamatory libel, sedition (with special reference to Communist expression), contempt of court, and obscenity. Obscenity law is "the most muddled law in Canada today."
Schmidt, Godfrey P. "A Justification of Statutes Barring Pornography from the Mail." Fordham Law Review, 26:70-97, Spring 1957. S98
Schmidt, Harold R., and William K. Unverzagt. "Defamation in Pennsylvania." University of Pittsburgh Law Review, 2:1-16, October 1935. S99
Schmitt, Gladys. "Censorship and the Immature." Library Journal, 75:652-55, 15 April 1950. S100
We have been careful to exercise our function of guidance in the area of the obscene, but have not exercised it in the area of the neurotic, nor examined the social, political and ethical concepts in the works of literature we give our youth.
Schmulowitz, Nat. "Thou Shalt Not Read the Rights of Man." United States Law Review, 73:271-86, May 1939. S101
An account of the criminal prosecution against Thomas Paine, at the end of the eighteenth century, for his book, Rights of Man.
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