Go back to Table of Contents
"Restrictions on the Freedom of the Press." Harvard Law Review, 16:55-56, November 1902. R102
Comments on cases involving free speech as guaranteed by the Constitution conflicting with the misdemeanor of endangering the public peace. Various decisions "show that these provisions--found in so many of our constitutions--mean only that a man may freely speak and write what he chooses, so long as he does not thereby disturb private rights, the public peace, or attempt to subvert the government."
Revell, Peter. "Censorship Facts." Ontario Library Review, 46:95-96, May 1962. R103
The chairman of the Ontario Library Association's Intellectual Freedom Committee discusses Canadian censorship under the Customs Tariff Act, the Criminal Code, and the powers of the Postmaster General.
-------. "Propaganda and Pornography." Library Journal, 88:3552, 3585, 1 October 1963. R104
In light of the publication of John Cleland's Fanny Hill, written as intentional pornography, the author calls for a re-examination of the whole question of obscenity, pornography, and what used to be called hard-core pornography. He suggests research along the line of that done by the Institute for Propaganda Analysis, 1937-41.
"Revision of the Book Law." Massachusetts Library Club Bulletin, 20:5-6, January 1930. R105
Endorsement by the Massachusetts Library Club of the proposed revision of the obscene book law, as drafted by a committee under the chairmanship of Edward A. Weeks, Jr.
"Revocation of Mailing Privilege Violation of Espionage Act." Virginia Law Register, 3 (n.s.):537-41, November 1917. R106
The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Georgia upholds the constitutionality of the Espionage Act in the case of Jefferson Publishing Co. v. West. The case involved the revocation of second-class mailing privileges of The Jeffersonian for its opposition to wartime conscription.
"The Revolt against the Revolting." Literary Digest. 92:31-32, 19 February 1927, R107
"The public is becoming aroused, we are told, against the filth and lewdness being paraded on the stage and screen and in books, magazines and the 'yellow press,' and several newspapers have met the issue presented by an evil-smelling trial by adopting voluntary censorship. In Washington, and Albany, New York, bills have been introduced to bring the daily parade of vice to an end through legal means."
Rex, Frederick, comp. Motion Picture Censors' and Reviewers' Manual: A Handbook for the Instruction and Use of State and City Board of Censors of Motion Pictures, Producers and Distributors, Citizen Motion Picture Councils, Better Films Committees, Women's Clubs and Parent-Teacher Organizations. Hubbard Woods, Ill., The Author, 1934. 34p. R108
[Reynolds, Charles B.]. "Trial for Blasphemy, Morristown, N.J., 1887." In American State Trials, vol. 18, pp. 795-857. R109
Reynolds was found guilty and fined for publication of a pamphlet. Robert Ingersoll was the defense counsel, a fact which attracted attention throughout the country. This was the first blasphemy case to be tried in the New Jersey courts.
Reynolds, James B. "Reasonable Restrictions upon Freedom of Speech." Papers and Proceedings, Ninth Annual Meeting, American Sociological Society, 9:46-59, 1914. R110
The legal counsel of the American Public Hygiene Association discusses cases involving restriction of free speech in relation to public morals and social well-being.
Reynolds, John W. Wisconsin's "Anti-Secrecy Law." Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1960. 3p. (Publication no. 24) R111 §
Wisconsin's Attorney General discusses the right to know and Wisconsin's new "open meetings" law.
Rhode Island. House of Representatives Commission to Study the Sale and Distribution of "Comic" Books, Etc., in Rhode Island. Report. Providence. Ordered printed by the House of Representatives, 1956, 16p. R112
The report assesses the responsibility of publishers, distributers and citizens (parents) in meeting the problem of salacious "comic" books. The Commission recommends a permanent agency be established to educate the public and to canvass the state for violation of present obscenity laws. It calls for the exclusion of objectionable "comics" on state property. The Rhode Island Commission to Encouragase Morality in Youth, established as a result of these recommendations was abolished by the Legislature in 1964 following a ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court, that the Commission was engaged in extrajudicial and unconstitutional censorship.
Rhodon, pseud. "The North Briton and the Journeymen Printers." Notes & Queries, 166:137, 24 February 1934. R113
Brief account of the arrest of the 14 journeymen printers, 1763.
-------. "Wilkes and the North Briton." Notes & Queries, 161:165-66, 5 September 1931. R114
Further bibliographic details and differences noted over J.T.Y.'s notes on North Briton, 41 years earlier.
Rhyne, Charles S. Comic Books--Municipal Control of Sale and Distribution--a Preliminary Study. Washington, D.C. National Institute of Municipal Law Officers, 1948. 16p. (Report no. 124) R115
Riback, Harold L. The Development of Obscenity Administration in Relation to the American Press. New York, New York University, 1949. 81p. (Unpublished Master's thesis) R116
Rice, Elmer L. "Censorship." In his The Living Theatre. New York, Harper, 1959, pp. 276-86. R117
A brief review of stage censorship throughout the world with special attention to the United States where there "has never been a theatrical censorship, nor any sort of play-licensing system, either nationally, or, as far as I know, in any of the states." He discusses scattered examples of municipal censorship but notes that in New York, the only important play-producing center, the stage has on the whole, "been happily free from censorship . . . Thus, while threats to the freedom of the stage are ever present, and occasionally successful, the American theatre as a whole is an unrestricted institution and nowhere in the world is the communication of drama less impeded by censorship than in the United States."
-------. "Entertainment in the Age of McCarthy." New Republic, 128:14-17, 13 April 1953. R118
"No objective observer can have failed to note, in the past 20 years, an accelerating deterioration in our standards of freedom, particularly freedom of expression of opinion". The author discusses extralegal police action against books and stage plays, the Miracle case, and current blacklisting in radio and TV.
-------. "New Fashions in Censorship." Survey, 88:112-15, March 1952. "Reply with Rejoinder." Survey, 88:148, April 1952. (Reprinted in Downs, The First Freedom, pp. 141-46) R119 §
With the decline of official censorship as a result of liberal court decisions, a more devious and more effective form of unofficial censorship by pressure group has developed. The author, a Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright, attacks the militant minority groups that threaten freedom of speech and press by applying pressure on the mass media. Two conditions are necessary for free speech: diversity of ownership and control of the media of communications and a modification of the tactics of minority pressure groups.
-------. "No Quarter to Censorship." Authors' League Bulletin, 15(1):17, April 1927. R120
"The distinction between voluntary and involuntary censorship is purely illusory. Censorship is censorship and in accepting it in principle or in fact the public surrenders itself into the hands of the Comstockians."
-------. The Supreme Freedom. Whitestone, N.Y., The Graphics Group, 1949. 32p. (Graphics Group Book II. Illustrated by Kelly Oechsli. Reprinted in The Institute for Religious and Social Studies, Great Expressions of Human Rights, pp. 105-25) R121
A popular summary of freedom of expression or the lack of it in present-day America, prepared for the Institute for Religious and Social Studies by the chairman of the National Council on Freedom from Censorship. The "supreme freedom" is the freedom to think, talk, and write with independence and without threat.
[-------]. "The U.S.O. and Races of Mankind." Saturday Review of Literature, 27(29):13, 15 July 1944. R122
An account of the suppression by the U.S.O. of the pamphlet, Races of Mankind, by Ruth Benedict and Gene Weltfish. Chester I. Barnard, president of the U.S.O., had defended the suppression. The article includes Mr. Rice's denunciation of Mr. Barnard's defense.
Rice, George P., Jr. "Freedom of Speech under Law." Vital Speeches, 21:1527-29, 1 October 1955. R123
The educational director, National Foundation for Education in American Citizenship, in an address before the Sigma Delta Kappa honorary legal fraternity, Indianapolis, Ind., urges members to be well-informed in the basic concepts of freedoim of speech and in the important rulings of the Supreme Court in this area.
Rice, Warner G. "A Note on Areopagitica." Journal of English and German Philology, 40:474-81, 1941. R124
A reconsideration of Milton's classic work on freedom of the press. The author notes that the essay received little attention during Milton's lifetime and for a century afrer his death. Its reputation rose in the eighteenth century with the triumph of Whig liberalism. The author considers the limitations Milton placed on freedom of the press; Milton "the humanistic--aristocrat," opposed prior licensing but would agree with "judicious censorship" after the event.
Richards, Robert K. "Freedom of Air at Stake." Broadcasting, 30(11):15, 101-2, 18 March 1946. R125
Criticism of the FCC's report on Public Service Responsibility of Broadcast Licensees, which the author considers "the Commission's latest and most overt bid for control of America's free radio."
Richardson, Elliot L. "Freedom of Expression and the Function of the Courts." Harvard Law Review, 65:1-54, November 1951. R126
"It has been the purpose of this paper, by defining the issues in free speech cases, to indicate which of them are wholly committed to the courts, especially the Supreme Court of the United States, and which belong primarily to legislatures and to the states . . . The great battles for free expression will be won, if they are won, not in the courts but in committee rooms and protest meetings, by editorials and letters to Congress, and through the courage of citizens everywhere.
Richardson, Ernest C. "The Question of Censorship in Libraries." Library Journal, 43:152-54, March 1918. R127
"The problem of library censorship is not a simple one, and it involves the whole question of free discussion." The author, in his presidential address before the American Library Association, introduces the problem and recommends it as a field for special research.
Richardson, J. Hall. "Should Divorce Cases Be Reported?" Fortnightly Review, 117 (n.s.):813-20, June 1925. R128
The article is occasioned by a bill before Parliament which would impose restrictions on the publication of reports of judicial proceedings relating to the dissolution of marriage.
Richardson, Samuel. The Necessity of Toleration In matters of Religion. Or, Certain Questions propounded to the Synod, tending to prove that Corporal punishments ought not to be inflicted upon such as hold Errors in Religion, and that in matters of Religion, men ought not to be compelled, but have liberty and freedom . . . London, 1647. 22p. (Reprinted in Edward B. Underhill, Tracts of Liberty of Conscience and Persecution, pp. 235-85) R129
[Richmond, Alexander B., plaintiff]. Trial for Libel, in the Court of Exchequer, Guildhall, London . . . Alexander B. Richmond, Plaintiff; versus Simpkin & Marshall, and Others, defs. London, Muir, Gowans, 1834. 64p. R130
The suit was against Simpkin and Marshall, London booksellers and agents for Tait's Edinburgh Magazine, for publishing a series of alleged libels against the plaintiff arising from a review of a work called The Exposure of the Spy System, wherein the plaintiff was designated a government spy. As evidence in the "spy trial" developed against the plaintiff he elected to be "non-suited" and the case was dropped.
[Riddell, George Allardice, baron]. "Censorship." Encyclopaedia Britannica, 13th ed., 1926. vol. 1 of supp., pp. 560-62. R131
British press censorship in World War I.
Riddell, William R. "Libel on the Assembly: A Pre-Revolutionary Episode." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 52:176-92; 249-79; 342-60, 1928. R132
Deals largely with the case of William Moore, brought before the Bar of the Pennsylvania Assembly on charges of misconduct as justice of the peace and also for writing and publishing his Address to the Governor, which the House had resolved to be a libel against the Constitution and the Assembly. Riddell denied the right of the House to try for such libel, but was convicted, sent to jail, and denied the right of habeas corpus. Also charged and convicted was Professor William Smith, provost of the College and Academy of Philadelphia. He was convicted for abetting Moore and publishing the Address in his German-language newspaper. The author discusses the legal issues involved in libel and contempt of a colonial legislature.
Ridenour, Louis N. "Military Security and the Atomic Bomb." Fortune, 32;170-71+ November 1945. (Reprinted in Summers, Federal Information Controls in Peacetime, pp. 73-84 ) R133 §
A physics professor believes that the net effect of blanket efforts to keep the atomic bomb "secret," now that the war is over, can only be harmful to the United States by retarding scientific progress in nuclear physics. He suggests the removal of all security barriers to the publication of basic scientific information in nuclear physics.
-------. "Science and Pseudo-science." In Freedom of Book Selection; Proceedings of the Second Conference on Intellectual Freedom . . . Chicago, American Library Association, 1954, pp. 12-22. R134 §
Ridgeway, James "Snooping through the Mails." New Republic, 152(12):11-13, 20 March 1965. R135 §
Relates to the Post Office practice of maintaining lists of persons receiving Communist propaganda.
Ridgeway, William. A Report of the Trial of Hugh Fitzpatrick for Libel. Dublin, 1813. 105p. R136 §
Fitzpatrick was a Dublin bookseller who issued a book on penal laws written by Denis Scully. It was objected to by the authorities and Fitzpatrick, rather than reveal the name of the author, went to jail. Inglis states that this was the only important trial against a book during that period in Irish history.
-------. A Report of the Trial of Peter Finerty. Dublin, 1798. 113p. R137
Finerty, listed as printer and proprietor of the Dublin Press, though not yet of legal age, was arrested for that paper's attack on the government and criticism of the trial and execution of William Orr. Finerty was found guilty and sentenced to two years in prison.
Ridings, Donald J. Access to Information in Missouri. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1959. 4p. (Publication no. 19) R138 §
A survey of access to news in Missouri towns and cities, conducted through a questionnaire answered by 100 newspaper publishers.
-------. Concepts of Contempt. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1961. 10p. (Publication no. 48) R139 §
Abstract of a Master's thesis in journalism, University of Missouri. The author concludes: "Although they are often deserving of the punishment they receive, the crux of the matter seems to be that newspapers do not have the chance to prove themselves. When citing newspapers for contempt, judges claim they are protecting the due process of law. Where is due process for the newspaper?"
-------. Survey Assesses World FOI. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1959. 9p. (Publication no. 21) R140 §
Survey of the status of freedom of information in 35 countries as reported by correspondents. Includes Canada, Ireland, South Africa, Hong Kong, and the Philippines.
[Ridpath, George]. The Stage Condemn'd, and The Encouragement given to the Immoralities and Profaneness of the Theatre by the English Schools, Universities and Pulpits, Censur'd . . . The Arguments of all the Authors that have Writ in Defence of the Stage against Mr. Collier, Consider'd . . . Together with The Censure of the English Stage and of several Antient and Modern Divines of the Church of England upon the Stage . . . London, Printed for John Salusbury, 1698. 216p. R141
A defense of Jeremy Collier's Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage.
Riegel, Oscar W. Mobilizing for Chaos; the Story of the New Propaganda. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1934. 231p. R142 §
The role of nationalism in the exploitation of the world's newspapers and radio communication. How propaganda and censorship have been used to achieve the political aims of totalitarian and quasi-totalitarian states.
Rielly, Thomas L. Censorship and the Post Office. Chicago, University of Chicago, 1958. 106p. (Unpublished Master's thesis) R143
Riesel, Victor, and O. John Rogge. "Must Reporters Tell All." Controversy, 1(4):8+, August 1959. R144
Reporter Riesel believes disclosure of news sources would weaken "the effectiveness of one of the principal tools a newsman uses in keeping the public informed." Lawyer Rogge argues that where an individual's liberty, reputation, or property is at stake, the anonymity of the informer should not be protected.
Riesman, David. "Democracy and Defamation: Control of Group Libel." Columbia Law Review, 42:727-80, May 1942. R145
An exhaustive study of the law of group libel as it pertains to political offenses in America and a comparison with the law in Europe and Latin America.
-------. "Democracy and Defamation: Fair Game and Fair Comment." Columbia Law Review, 42:1085-1123, September 1942; 42:1282-1318, November 1942. R146
In these articles Riesman continues his discussion of political defamation as it is applied against individuals, concluding with recommendations for reform.
Rifkind, Simon H. "When the Press Collides with Justice." Journal of the American Judicature Society, 34:46-52, August 1950.(Reprinted in Quill, March 1951) R147
To solve the conflict between a free trial and a free press the author recommends a clear statement be prepared as to the objectives of fair reporting and the restraints the press is expected to observe. He further suggests a watchdog committee of the bar to review individual cases.
-------. "When the Press Hampers Justice." American Mercury, 71:14-24, July 1950. R148
A judge discusses the controversy between court and press over "trial by newspaper," a conflict between two great constitutional principles. He suggests ways in which the bar and bench might obtain better newspaper cooperation in maintaining justice.
Riggs, Arthur S. "The Free American Press and Its Function in a Free World." Catholic World, 160:106-14, November 1944. R149
"Men, not things, are the measure of a successful and constructive press. Government has no part in it: nor Capital, nor Labor, nor Church, each as such. Only men, free men, fearless men, above all honest men, can make free and keep free a great national press."
-------. "Of Value to the Enemy." Public Opinion Quarterly, 6:367-77, Fall 1942. R150
A member of the staff of the Cable and Radio Censorship Division of the Office of Censorship, considers the use of censorship as a weapon in war.
"The Right of Free Discussion." American Biblical Repository, 9:368-421, April 1937. R151
The discussion is based on three major works: John Milton's Areopagitica, Jeremy Taylor's The Liberty of Prophesying, and Robert Hall's An Apology for the Freedom of the Press, works which the writer considers eloquent expressions of the right of free discussion, the foundation of all other rights in the land. "We deem it the duty of every man to lift up his voice . . . in defense of these great principles of republican liberty and of the Protestant religion." The author warns against the use of the arbitrary power of censorship by ecclesiastical authorities to enforce the doctrines of the church. Condemnation of books is being used today in lieu of committing their authors to the flame; it is unworthy of men in a land of freedom, it is an insult to a thinking age, and it is as ineffective as it is unworthy.
"Right of Newspapers Arbitrarily to Discriminate in Accepting Advertising." United States Law Review, 68:4-8, January 1934. R152
References to an Iowa Supreme Court decision, Shuck v. Carroll Daily Herald, 247 N.W. 813 (1931), which decided that a newspaper was a private enterprise and its publishers had a right to accept or reject advertising.
"The Right to a Good Name." Outlook, 90:891-92, 26 December 1908. R153
Editorial commending the action of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., in bringing criminal proceedings against Hearst's American, for libel. While not prejudging the case, the editor believes that a libelous newspaper editor and publisher should be imprisoned because the "liberty of the press does not mean liberty maliciously to vilify any private citizen or public official who happens to have aroused the hostility of the newspaper."
"Right to Restrain the Right of Free Speech or a Free Press When Necessary to Make Effective the Terms of an Injunction Restraining a Boycott." Central Law Journal, 68:207-8, 19 March 1909. R154
Brief comment on the famous Buck's Stove contempt of court case involving Samuel Gompers and the American Federation of Labor.
Riley, Frank. "The Curious Case of Connor Evarts: Obscenity?" Los Angeles Magazine, 8:35-37, 56-61, September 1964. R155
Rinehart, John E., Jr., and Tom L. Beauchamp III. "Aspects of Southern Censorship." Issue, 1(1):11-15, Winter 1963. R156 §
"We shall attempt to show that censorship in the South is deeply influenced and fostered by the pietistic and moralistic attitudes which prevail in the southern region." The authors, graduate students at Southern Methodist University, cite numerous examples of censorship in the South, beginning with recent episodes in Dallas, Tex. "If obscenity and indecency do exist in the arts, they should be countered through competent criticism and not with banishment. Open dialogue . . . promotes freedom in the community rather than stifling it. Book burnings and censorship committees have no place in a free society."
Ringler, William. "The First Phase of the Elizabethan Attack on the Stage, 1558-1579." Huntington Library Quarterly, 5(4):391-418, July 1942. R157
Riordan, Mary E. Literary Censorship in Ireland, 1929-1961. Chicago, University of Chicago, 1964. 165p. (Unpublished Master's thesis) R158
Ripley, Joseph M. "Policies and Practices Concerning Broadcasts of Controversial Issues." Journal of Broadcasting, 9(1):25-32, Winter 1964-65. R159 §
While broadcasting policies generally provide for fair treatment of "both sides of an issue," in practice too few stations allow adequate time for programming of controversial issues.
-------. The Practices and Policies Regarding Broadcasts of Opinions about Controversial Issues by Radio and Television Stations in the United States. Columbus, Ohio State University, 1961. 279p. (Ph.D. dissertation, University Micwfilms, no. 62-805) R160
A report of two studies of broadcasting stations and their handling of controversial public issues. A great many stations failed to meet their obligation to devote time to public affairs.
Rittenhouse, David C. "Obscenity and Social Statics." William and Mary Law Review, 1:303-24, 1958. R161
"The purpose of this paper is to illustrate some of the changes which have taken place in obscenity as an idea and the struggle which has taken place in an effort to formulate a stabilized concept which may be applied with some assurance of fairness by man with his limited understanding." The author concludes that the test for obscenity has passed through two periods of development--the period of the Hicklin Rule and the Ulysses Rule, and is now entering a third period arising from the Roth case, marked by the "Prurient Interest Test.
Rivard, Adjutor. "De la Liberté de la Presse." In the Royal Society of Canada. Proceedings and Transactions, 17(1):33-104, May 1923. R162
Following a general discussion of the history of press freedom in England and France, the author considers the press law of the province of Quebec, including such aspects as libel, privacy, reporting of public meetings, comment on public officials, and the right of reply. Bibliography of French and English legal works on pp. 102-3.
Rivkin, Allen. "The Hollywood Letter." Free World, 11:50-51, June 1946. R163
The difficulties in adminstering the Film Production Code because of complaints from movie-goers in matters of morality. He believes a small minority might bring enough pressure to effect government controls.
Roalfe, Matilda. Law Breaking Justified . . . Edinburgh, Matilda Roalfe & Co., 1844. 16p. R164
The author argues that "to resist bad laws, is no less a duty than to respect good ones." The "bad law" the author broke and for which she went to jail was the law against blasphemy. She was convicted of selling heterodox works. "The law which forbids the publication of heterodoxy shall never be obeyed by me. I will publish irreligious opinions, be the consequences to myself what they may."
Robb, Arthur. "Shop Talk at Thirty; Florida Censorship." Editor & Publisher, 73:36, 7 March 1942. R165
The case of voluntary suppression of news stories of a ship sinking off the Florida coast during World War II, a fact widely known and talked about by residents of Palm Beach. One of a number of censorship issues dealt with in the editor's column during World War II.
Robbins, Alexander H. "The Action of the Government Against the New York World as a Revival of the Offence of Scandalum Magnatum." Central Law Journal, 68:135-36, 19 February 1909. R166
Relates to federal government charges of criminal libel because of allegations made against government officials with respect to the purchase of the French interests in the Panama Canal. "The rule of the civil law is recognized today as the rule of a higher civilization than that out of which grew the doctrine of scandalum magnatum."
-------. "Obscenity; What Constitutes an Indecent Publication." Central Law Journal, 65:64-69, 26 July 1907. R167
The case of People v. Eastman before the Court of Appeals of New York, 21 May 1907. The defendant, N. L. A. Eastman, was charged with obscenity for an anti-Catholic attack on the confessional box in his newspaper, The Gospel Worker. The Court of Appeals upheld the lower court decision freeing Eastman. While agreeing that the work was "improper, intemperate, unjustifiable, and highly reprehensible," it was not "indecent" as the word is employed in the penal code. A portion of the text of the offending article is reprinted, along with the text of the decision and a minority opinion.
Roberts, Clifford J. "Freedom of the Press and Fair Judicial Administration." Texas Law Review, 21:309-14, January 1943. R168
A discussion of the contempt of court case against the Times-Mirror of Los Angeles for publication of five editorials. The conviction involved an extension of the "due process" clause to include the regulation of the court's power to punish summarily. Times-Mirror Co. v. Superior Court of the State of California, 314 U.S. 252 (1941).
Roberts, Gene, Jr. The Censors and the Schools. Washington, D.C., National Education Association, Commission on Professional Rights and Responsibilities, 1963. 7p. mimeo. R169 §
In an address before the NEA convention, Detroit, 4 July 1963, the coauthor (with Jack Nelson) of the study, The Censors and the Schools, reports on some of the activities of textbook censors in the United States during the past five years. "Textbook censorship is far from dead. It is better organized, better financed than in any period in our history."
[Roberts, William]. The Whole Proceedings on the Trial of an Action brought by Thomas Walker, Merchant, against William Roberts, Barrister at Law, for a Libel. Tried by a Special Jury at the Assizes at Lancaster, March 28, 1791 . . . Taken in shorthand by Joseph Gurney. Manchester, Eng., Printed by Charles Wheeler, 1791. 208p. R170
For the issuing of handbills of an abusive nature against Walker, in the course of a personal feud, Roberts was convicted and fined £100.
Robertson, C. Grant, ed. Select Statutes, Cases and Documents to Illustrate English Constitutional History, 1660-1832. London, Methuen, 1904. 452p. R171
Includes the 1662 Licensing Act and reports on the censorship trials of Benjamin Harris, John Tutchin, and John Wilkes
Robins, Lee N. Birth Control in Massachusetts; the Analysis of an Issue through an Intensive Survey of Opinion. Cambridge, Mass., Radcliffe College, 1951. 242p. (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation) R172
Robinson, Arthur R. Freedom of Speech and of the Press; Speech in the Senate of the United States, January 18, 1934. Washington, D.C., 1934. 4p. (Reprinted from Congressional Record, 78(7):862-65) R173
The Senator from Indiana advises that the national emergency faced by the United States not be used as an excuse to restrict the freedom of speech and press. He offers a resolution (S. Res. 146) to investigate restrictions on freedom of speech placed by the Federal Radio Commission.
[Robinson, Henry]. Liberty of Conscience. or the Sole means to obtaine Peace and Truth . . . London, 1643]. 62p. (Reprinted in Haller, Tracts on Liberty in the Puritan Revolution, vol. 3, pp. 107-78) R174
Robinson, a merchant-philosopher, issued his ideas on freedom of the press on 24 March 1644, eight months before Milton's more famous Areopagitica. He recommended freedom of speech and press as a logical extension of the laissez-faire economic doctrine. "No man can have a natural monopoly of truth." Religious opinion should be "fought out upon eaven ground, on equall termes, neither side must expect to have greater liberty of speech, writing, Printing . . . then the other." The pamphlet was published anonymously and without license or publisher's imprint.
Robinson, Howard. Bayle the Sceptic. New York, Columbia University Press, 1931. 334p. R175
Pierre Bayle, eighteenth-century sceptic, had frequent clashes with church authorities, especially over his Historical and Critical Dictionary, which was cited for its "obscenities."
Robinson, James H. "The Threatened Eclipse of Free Speech." Atlantic Monthly, 120:811-18, December 1917. R176
Concerns restraints imposed upon free speech during war, what these are, why they develop, and the groups that create them. The restraints are transient, however, and conditions are favorable in the state of the world for the rapid extension of an unprecedented degree of toleration.
Robinson, Thomas P. Radio Networks and the Federal Government. New York, Columbia University Press, 1943. 278p. R177
A comprehensive study of the history of radio broadcasting in the United States and its regulation by government agencies. Chapter 7 deals with Radio Censorship and Free Speech.
Robinson, Victor, ed. Encyclopaedia Sexualis. New York, Dingwall-Rock, 1936. 819p. R178
Contains the following articles pertaining to freedom of expression in matters of sex: Annie Besant; History of Birth Control; Charles Bradlaugh; Catholic Church and Sex Problems; Censorship of Sex Instruction Books; Anthony Comstock; Havelock Ellis; Sex Problems in Icelandic Literature; Literature and Love (lengthy treatment by Samuel P. Putnam); Legal Aspects of Obscenity (Theodore A. Schroeder); and the World League for Sexual Reform.
-------. Pioneers of Birth Control in England and America. New York, Voluntary Parenthood League, 1919. 107p. R179
A brief history of the birth control movement in conflict with efforts to suppress it, beginning with Malthus' Essay on the Principles of Population and the work of Francis Place, the father of the movement. References are made to publishing activities of Richard Carlile and Robert Dale Owen, the trial of Annie Besant and Charles Bradlaugh for the sale of Charles Knowlton's Fruits of Philosophy, Dr. Alice Drysdale and the Malthusian League, the trial of Edward Truelove, the trials of Moses Harman and Ezra Heywood, Drs. E. B. Foote, Jr. and Sr., of the Free Speech League, Mrs. Mary Ware Dennett, and Mrs. Margaret Sanger.
[Robinson, William J]. "Forbidden Book." Medical Critic and Guide, 22:202-4, June 1919. R180
Without naming the book, it reports on the suppression by postal authorities of Marie C. Stopes's Married Love.
-------. "Most Atrocious Law; Extracts from Address Made at Carnegie Hall Meeting, March 1, 1916." Mother Earth, 11:457-60, April 1916. R181 §
Protest by Dr. Robinson over arrest of Emma Goldman and others for distributing birth control information.
-------. "An Open Letter to Anthony Comstock." Critic and Guide, 16:225-26, July 1913. R182
Deals with postal censorship of information on birth control.
Robson, Norman. "The Official Secrets Act and the British Press." Journalism Quarterly, 15:253-58, September 1938. R183
Comments on current British governmental activities to curb the press.
Robson, William A. "British Films are Pure." Nation, 131:547-48, 19 November 1930. R184
Analyzes the 1929 report of the British Board of Film Censors as to rejected films and reasons for rejection. "It is obvious that the films will never develop into a true art so long as they are subjected to the cramping influence of the censor as it exists at present; for no art can flourish while it is pinioned to an elaborate code of social hypocrisy and unreal convention."
Rochat, Carl R. Analysis of the Freedom of the Press Clauses in the American Constitutions. Urbana, Ill., University of Illinois, 1948. 308p. (Unpublished Master's thesis) R185
Freedom of the press clauses in present and past state constitutions are analyzed as to wording and intent. The appendix contains the complete text of clauses and some debate relating to their passage.
Roche, John P. "Security and the Press." Current History, 29:229-35, October 1955. R186
The author sets forth what he feels to be the functions of a free press in a democratic society and the proper scope and purpose of a security program, with some suggestions for relating the security program to the press. He feels it unwise and unnecessary "to establish any large-scale program of press supervision."
Rockwell, Dorothy. "Radio Censors Itself" Nation, 149:217-19, 26 August 1939. R187
A discussion of the new self-regulatory code ratified by most radio station owners and managers at the suggestion and under the auspices of the National Association of Broadcasters. The code means "that the 400 strongest stations have so arranged matters that on the one hand the FCC can't complain that the industry is unable to police itself, and on the other the government, like everyone else, must find a way to hurdle these rules if it wants more than its allotted time or to ban its opponents from the air."
Rodale, Robert. "Our Personal Fight for Freedom of the Press." Prevention; the Magazine for Better Health, 17(2):43-45, February 1965. R188
The publisher of Prevention and of various books on health describes his fight against efforts of the Federal Trade Commission "to limit the advertising of ideas in health books only to those concepts which meet the approval of their medical advisors." Specifically, the FTC objected to advertising of a 946-page encyclopedia, The Health Finder, and two pamphlets. The publisher claims that the traditional right to freedom of the press embraces advertising of the ideas in books and that "a hostile government could stamp out almost any type of publication it was opposed to merely by acting against the advertising or distribution of that publication." Quoted is the minority opinion of one Commissioner who voted to dismiss the FTC complaints as "an unwarrented intrusion of the Commission into an area from which it is excluded by the Constitution and the statute."
Rodell, Fred. "TV or No TV in Court?" New York Times Magazine, 12 April 1964, pp. 16+. R189
Roden, Carl B. "The Library as a Censor of Books" Illinois Libraries, 4:167-70, October 1922. R190
The librarian of the Chicago Public Library describes that library's policy on "objectionable books." Novels by reputable authors, published by respectable publishers, and that are considered of literary merit are selected without regard to their ethical content. Books of ill-fame, though of literary value, are secluded and are available only to the mature reader. The same treatment is given to books on sex hygiene.
Roderick, Colin. "Censorship in Australia." New Zealand Libraries, 22:8-10, January-February 1959. R191
A summary of measures against obscene literature passed by the various states since 1953. Recommends federal jurisdiction.
Rodgers, E. C. "Tennessee Courts and the Freedom of the Press." Public, 22:877-78, 16 August 1919. R192
Imprisonment of Edward T. Leech, editor of the Memphis Press, on contempt of court for an editorial criticizing political and judicial corruption.
Roe, Gilbert E. "Free Speech and Free Press; . . . Discusses Need, in Time of War, of Obtaining Collective Judgment of the People on the Conduct of the War." La Follette's Magazine, 9:8-10, August 1917. R193
Roe, Wellington. "Connecticut's Index Expurgatorius: The Catholic Boycott of Bookshops and Newstands Purveying The Grapes of Wrath, the New Republic, Life and all other 'Subversive' Literature." New Masses, 34:8-10, 13 Feburary 1940. R194
Roebuck, John A. Life and Letters of John A. Roebuck . . . Edited by Robert Eadon Leader. London, Edward Arnold, 1897. 392p. R195
Roebuck was one of the leaders during the 1830's in opposing the English "tax on knowledge." He served as editor of a series of 36 Pamphlets for the People aimed at repeal of the stamp tax.
-------, ed. Pamphlets for the People. London, Charles Ely, John Longley, 1835-36. 2 vols. (Nos. 1-36) R196 §
Roebuck was a member of Parliament who was active in the fight to repeal the stamp duty on newspapers. Like William Carpenter's efforts a few years earlier, Roebuck circumvented payment of a newspaper tax on a series of weekly pamphlets he issued, by omitting dates and numbers that would identify them as a serial publication. The first pamphlet in the series, "On the Means of Conveying Information to the People," was published 11 June 1835; the final pamphlet in February 1836. A total of 36 was published. Various writers (H. S. Chapman, Francis Place, Thomas Falconer) contributed articles and various publishers were employed, the pamphlets supported various radical proposals and frequently attacked "taxes on knowledge" with Roebuck always serving as editor. Some of the individual articles, 16 to 20 pages in length, were apparently also issued separately by various publishers. Following are some of the titles dealing with the newspaper tax: On the Means of Conveying Information to the People, The Stamped Press of London and Its Morality, Persecution of the Unstamped Press, all by John A. Roebuck; Repeal of the Stamp Duties on Newspapers, and Taxes on Knowledge, by Francis Place; Crusade against the Unstamped, Victims of the Unstamped, The Newspaper Stamp Return, Conduct of the Authorities, Toward an Unstamped Press, and The Great Unstamped Acknowledged to be Invincible, by H. S. Chapman.
[-------]. A Short Account of the Political Martyrs of Scotland, Sufferers in the Cause of Parliamentary Reform, viz.: Thomas Muir, Thomas Fyshe Palmer, William Skirving, Joseph Gerrald and Maurice Margarot . . . London, H. Hetherington, [1837]. 6p. (Extracted from Hetherington's London Dispatch) R197
On 20 February 1837, a group of gentlemen assembled at the Crown and Anchor Tavern, London, to commemorate the anniversary of the "First Martyrs of Political Liberty in Scotland" during the "reign of terror" of 1793-94. This pamphlet was prepared for the occasion to give a summary of the lives and sacrifices of the five men. Muir and Palmer had both been sentenced to transportation for circulating seditious literature. The pamphlet was probably prepared by John A. Roebuck, but much of it was from the pen of William Tait, magazine editor and treasurer of a campaign to raise funds for a monument to the martyrs. The monument was erected in 1844 at Calton Hill, Scotland.
Roeburt, John. The Wicked and the Banned. New York, Macfadden Books, 1963. 159p. R198
A popularly written summary of censorship in America, covering books, motion pictures, television, and the theater, with emphasis on recent cases. Numerous references to specific incidents of film and television censorship, the self-regulation of the movies and the networks, and consideration of such censorship cases as Ulysses, Tropic of Cancer, Lady Chatterley, Lolita, and the trial of William V. Ward of the Provincetown Review.
Rogers, Bruce. "In Alaska." Liberator, 1:45-46, February 1919. R199
An account of the author's conviction for publishing the statement: "To be an American patriot be willing to die in defense of the trade supremacy of the British Empire and her subjugation of India and Ireland."
Rogers, Cameron. "A Bookseller's Censorship." World's Work, 50:218-20, June 1925. R200
Praise for the Boston system by which the booksellers quietly provide their own censorship. The system, according to Rogers, staves off the Watch and Ward, prevents police raids, protects the public, gives no unwelcome publicity to bad books, and brings fewer cases before the courts. When a book is brought to court the judge only need to ask the opinion of the Boston Bookseller's Committee and that is that.
Rogers, Edward S. "Copyright and Morals." Michigan Law Review, 18:390-404, March 1920. R201
An immoral work is one which will not "promote the progress of science and useful arts" and, therefore, is not entitled to copyright protection. The author discusses some of the problems that the court faces in determining what is or is not immoral. In this area, the author remarks, one finds "some of the finest gems of judicial literature." He discusses cases and decisions under the headings of (1) works that offend public order, and (2) works that offend public decency.
Rogers, Harold D. "Canon 35: Cameras, Courts and Confusion." Kentucky Law Journal, 51:737-61, Summer 1963. R202 §
With the reaffirmation by the American Bar Association in 1963 of Canon 35, which provides that press photography and radio or television broadcasts shall not be permitted in the courtroom, the writer reviews the problem as seen by the media, the legal profession, and the courts.
|
Comments: Web Administrator Privacy Policy Last Updated |
Go To Bibliography Text of S