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Pressley, Harold, Jr. "Expanding Civil Liberties in the Supreme Court." Texas Law Review, 22:230-35, February 1944. P304
The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled in recent years that municipal ordinances that abridge freedom of speech and the press are unconstitutional.
Preston, William, Jr., Aliens and Dissenters; Federal Suppression of Radicals, 1903-1933. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1963. 352p. P305
Treats the "red-scare" of 1919-20, which resulted in the seizure of numerous radical pamphlets, as the outcome of passions, policies, and methods that had arisen some 30 years before World War I. The raids represented the traditional treatment accorded aliens and radicals and not the result of postwar fears.
"Previous Restraints upon Freedom of Speech." Columbia Law Review, 31:1148-55, November 1931. P306
The occasion for the comments is the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Near v. Minnesota in which the Court declared prior censorship unconstitutional. The author considers other acts of prior censorship that have been held constitutional, such as those connected with the mails, radio broadcasting, the Tariff Act, and local police regulations.
Price, Byron. "Censorship an Evil of War." Vital Speeches, 9:158-60, 15 December 1942. P307
The director of the Office of Censorship in World War II discusses wartime news dissemination in a speech delivered at the New York Times Forum.
-------. "Censorship and Free Speech." Indiana Law Journal, 18:17-22, October 1942. P308
Price discusses the work of the Office of Censorship--to censor all communications entering or leaving the country and to withhold certain information of military value at home. The latter rests largely upon voluntary participation of the various agencies of dissemination, with the Government acting, by consent, as umpire.
-------. "Censorship of the Press." In Problems of Journalism; Proceedings of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, 1942. Washington, D.C., ASNE, 1942, pp. 26-30. (Reprinted in Summers, Wartime Censorship, pp. 29-35) P309 §
A description of the work of the U.S. Office of Censorship and some of the problems it faces and the techniques it uses. ASNE President Marvin commented in introducing Price: "Voluntary censorship is in safe hands."
-------. "Freedom of Press, Radio, and Screen." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 254:137-39, November 1947. P310
Local censorship of the movies constitutes a threat to the American principle of freedom of the press.
-------. "Governmental Censorship in War Time." American Political Science Review, 36:837-49, October 1942. P311
Censorship in time of war is "justifiable only in so far as it aids prosecution of the war." The head of the United States censorship agency during World War II discusses his ideas on news control.
-------. "Radio: a New Weapon." In Summers, Wartime Censorship, pp. 35-40. P312 §
Discussion of the Code of Wartime Practices for American Broadcasters; an address delivered to the National Association of Broadcasters, 11 May 1942.
-------. ["Remarks on the Occasion of the Award of ASNE Scroll to Price for Wartime Directorship of Office of Censorship"]. In Problems of Journalism; Proceedings of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, 1946. Washington, D.C., ASNE, 1946, pp. 209-11. P313
-------. "What Can and What Cannot Be Printed in Wartime." Congressional Digest, 21:36-37, February 1942. P314
A statement on the censorship code for newspapers and periodicals during the war. Price covers "specific information which newspapers and magazines are asked not to publish except when such information is made available officially by appropriate authority."
Price, Warren C. The Literature of Journalism. An Annotated Bibliography. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1959. 489p. P315
A general descriptive bibliography of literature pertaining to journalism in the broadest sense, with special attention to historical and biographical books in the English language. Includes sections on Appraisals of the Press, Ethics of the Press, and Law of the Press.
-------. "Reflections on the Trial of John Peter Zenger." Journalism Quarterly, 32:161-68, Spring 1955. P316
"There is danger in making a too easy assumption that the 'symbol' of Zenger offers present-day protection against efforts to limit press freedom, and ignoring underlying causes and 1735 opposition to the trial verdict."
Priestley, J. B. "Real Clean-Up." In his Thoughts in the Wilderness. New York, Harper, 1957, pp. 60-65. P317
Priestley recommends that the cleaners-up stop thinking about sex and take a look at the sadistic fiction. There is "so much sex in most people's heads that a writer would have to work very hard to put in any more." There is something wrong with persons who "prefer a sexual dream life, dubiously heightened by trashy novels, to the strenuous give-and-take of reality." Prosecuting a few writers will not help very much. Priestley calls upon publishers to refuse to publish "sadistic muck"; reviewers to condemn it; and booksellers to boycott it.
-------. "Taking the Lid Off." Twentieth Century, 170:29-33, Spring 1962. P318
"What I dislike is the idea that some people's private lives are sacred and other people's are there for show." The author believes that "either more lids should be removed" so that all private lives are open to the public, or that "all lids, outside criminal courts, should be respected and left untouched." He prefers the latter.
Priestley, Joseph. An Appeal to the Serious and Candid Professors of Christianity on the Following subject . . . An Account of the Trial of Mr. Elwall for Heresy and Blasphemy at the Stafford Assizes. London, J. Johnson, 1783. 72p. P319
Elwall espoused the Unitarian doctrine in his tract, A True Testimony for God, for which he was brought to trial. Priestley, a clergyman and chemist, was an early advocate of Unitarianism, first in England and later in the United States, where he emigrated to avoid persecution for his support of the French Revolution.
"The Prime Minister and the Press." Nation (London), 24:41-42, 12 October 1918. P320
Editorial charging the government with presenting "a new set of perils to truth and freedom" by, for the first time, taking the press seriously in hand as an instrument of national psychology. Censorship, in the sense of suppression, is less serious than the positive propaganda efforts of the government.
Pringle, Henry F. "Comstock the Less." American Mercury, 10:56-63, January 1927. P321
A member of the staff of the New York World writes about John S. Sumner, the tame successor to the fiery and colorful Comstock as head of the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice.
-------, and Katherine Pringle. "Congress and the Plunging Neckline." Saturday Evening Post, 225:25+, 27 December 1952. P322
Review of the congressional investigation of charges of immoral and offensive programs on radio and television.
Pringle, H. N. "The Protested Magazines." Light, 181:30-32, March-April 1928. P323
An estimated 100 of the 1,300 magazines published in U.S. are objectionable. He describes their publishing history and action taken against them. He offers to send lists of protested magazines and books to reform societies on request.
The Printers' Case with Their Proposals for Regulating the Press. London, 1712. Single sheet folio. P324
The London printers petitioned Parliament for a registration of presses to exclude printers who had not served an apprenticeship. They objected to the provision in the regulations that required the author's name to appear on a publication, believing that modesty of the writer might prevent publication and in other cases prejudice against a writer might interfere with acceptance of his ideas.
"Prior Restraint--Administrative Censorship of Motion Pictures." Iowa Law Review, 47:162-68, Fall 1961. P325
Comment on the decision in Times Film Corp. v. City of Chicago, 365 U.S. 43 (1961). In view of the decision "an administrative agency or an individual acting within the authority given him by a statute or ordinance can suppress in advance the exhibition of any motion picture."
"Prior Restraint on Motion Picture Exhibition." Vanderbilt Law Review, 14:1525-32, October 1961. P326
Times Film Corp. v. City of Chicago, 365 U.S. 43 (1961).
Pritt, D. N. "Freedom of Discussion and the Law of Libel." Political Quarterly, 6:173-89, 1935. P327
Criticism of the law of libel in England, an example of overdeveloped case-law which "constitutes by reason of its complexity, uncertainty, and breadth of application, a grave obstacle to freedom of discussion." The author summarizes existing law, its historical development, and possible remedies.
"Privileged Criticism." Law Times, 53:310-11, 24 August 1872. P328
The libel case of Henwood v. Harrison.
"Privileges of the Press in Relation to the Law of Libel." Law Quarterly Review, 7:158-73, 1891. P329
Proffatt, John. "Law of Newspaper Libel." North American Review, 131:109-27, August 1880. P330
Freedom of the press is no longer a blessing but operates a "dangerous and unrestrained license in the vituperation of private character, in the publication of much that is vile and demoralizing, and in the misrepresentation of public men and measures." The writer reviews the laws and court decisions on newspaper libel in the realm of (1) comment concerning public men, (2) reckless criticism of literature and art, and (3) reports of judicial proceedings.
Prompter. London. Nos. 1-53, 13 November 1830-12 November 1831? Edited by Richard Carlile. P331 §
One of the many periodicals edited by Carlile which includes articles in behalf of a free press and his own trials. Other Carlile papers are, The Deist (1819-20); The Republican (1819-20; 1822-26); The Moralist (1823); The Newgate Monthly Magazine (1824-25), edited by Carlile's shopmen when he was in prison; and The Lion (1828-29). Carlile also wrote regularly for The Gauntlet (1832), published by Eliza Sharples, and The Cosmopolite (1832-33), edited by Alexander Somerville.
"Propaganda and Censorship." Psychiatry, 3:628-32, November 1940. P332
The functions of propaganda and censorship in world unrest, considered from the point of view of psychotherapy.
"Prosecution for Obscenity." Journal of Sex Education, 3:152-62, February-March 1951. P333
Report of a meeting of the Sex Education Society, London, 15 January 1951, at which Dr. Norman Haire discussed obscenity censorship from 1620 to date.
"Prosecution Scores Two Hits as Witnesses Deny Imputations in Guy Jack Criminal Libel Trial." New Orleans Item, 292:2, 3 April 1919. P334
Trial for publishing Captain Guy Jack's Iconoclast.
Prosser, William L. "Interstate Publication." Michigan Law Review, 51:959-1000, May 1953. P335
Notes on separate torts constituted in each state by nationwide "publication" of slander, libel, etc., by newspapers, radio, and television, 1849-1953.
-------. "Libel per Quod." Virginia Law Journal, 46:839-55, June 1960. P336
A distinction in law is made between two types of libel--"per se" where libel is apparent on the face of the publication, and "per quod," whose defamatory imputation is not apparent on the face and arises out of facts known to the reader. Prosser concludes that where the defamatory meaning can be made out only by resort to extrinsic facts, the libel, as a libel, is incomplete. Laurence H. Eldredge takes issue with this interpretation in The Spurious Rule of Libel per Quod (Harvard Law Review, February 1966) arguing that the prevailing view of the courts is that all libel claims are actionable without proof of special damages. Prosser defends his views in a second article, More Libel per Quod (Harvard Law Review, June 1966).
"Prudes in Council." Saturday Review (London), 142:605-6, 20 November 1926. P337
The article repeats charges made in the 15 November Daily News that public librarians are "illiterate busybodies," exercising discrimination against many authors, and quoting a Croydon library official as saying "we keep watch on readers of a certain type of book." In the following issue (27 November) Croydon's head librarian, W. C. Berwick Sayers, declared the charges fantastic and without foundation. The editors apologized.
"Prurient Motion-Picture Advertising in Times of Increased Sex Crimes." Journal of Social Therapy, 1:146-47, April 1955. P338
Prynne, William. Histrio-Mastix. The Players Scourge, Or, Actors Tragaedia, Divided into Two Parts . . . That popular Stage-playes (The very Pompes of the Divell which we renounce in Baptisme, if we beleeve the Fathers) are sinfull, heathenish, lewde, ungodly Spectacles, and most pernicious Corruptions; condemned in all ages, as intolerable Mischiefes to Churches, to Republickes, to the manners, mindes and soules of men. And that the Profession of Play-poets, of Stage players; together with the penning, acting, and frequenting of Stage-playes, are unlawfull, infamous and misbeseeming Christians . . . London, Printed by E. A. and W. I. for Michael Sparke, 1633. 1046p. P339
A lengthy Puritan attack on stage plays in England culminated in William Prynne's Histrio-Mastix which summarized and amplified all previous attacks, as is indicated in the full title. "For publication of this book the author was sentenced to pay a fine of £5,000, lose both ears, one at Westminster and the other at Cheapside, to be deprived of his university degrees, to be excluded from Lincoln's Inn, and to be imprisoned for life. The book was condemned to be burned before his face by the hangman."--C. R. Gillett in Catalogue of the McAlpin Collection.
[-------]. A New Discovery Of The Prelates Tyranny, In their late prosecutions of Mr. William Pryn, an eminent Lawyer; Dr. John Bastwick, a learned Physitian; and Mr. Henry Burton, a reverent Divine. Wherein the separate, and joynt proceedings against them in the High-Commission, and Star-Chamber. . . . London, Printed for M. S., 1641. 224p. (Reprinted in Harleian Miscellany and forms the basis for the account in Howell, State Trials) P340
This unsigned pamphlet was written by Prynne while serving his second sentence in prison, this time for his attacks on the prelates of the church. Along with Henry Burton and John Bastwick, he was fined, pilloried, shorn of his ears (or what was left of them after an earlier mutilation), and given life imprisonment. This illicitly printed pamphlet describes the trial and the suffering of the three prisoners. Prynne and the others were released as heroes by the Long Parliament in 1640. Contains portraits of Laude, Prynne, Bastwick, and Burton.
[-------]. "Proceedings in the Court of Star Chamber against him for publishing a book entitled Histrio-Mastix, and against Michael Sparke for printing, and William Buckner for licensing the same, 1634." In Howell, State Trials, vol. 3, pp. 562 ff; Borrow, Celebrated Trials, vol. 1, pp. 405-26; and Rushworth, Historical Collections, pt. 2, pp. 220-41. P341 §
Prynne was an English Puritan whose book, Histrio-Mastix, a criticism of the immorality of the stage, became the first book in England to be burned by the common hangman. For his alleged aspersions on the queen in that book, Prynne was imprisoned, pilloried, and shorn of his ears. The persecution of Prynne was directed by Archbishop Laude. Through-out his life Prynne continued to write controversial religious and political pamphlets, incurring the wrath of both sides--the prelates and the Levellers. Like many of the Puritan writers in England and America, Prynne fought for his own freedom of expression but was not always willing to grant the same to others. In one of his pamphlets he appealed to Parliament to suppress anything written against Calvinistic doctrines.
[-------, et al.]. A Briefe Relation Of Certain speciall, and most materiall passages, and speeches in the Starre-Chamber, Occasioned And delivered, June the 14th, 1637, at the Censure of those three worthy Gentlemen, Dr. Bastwicke, Mr. Burton, and Mr. Prynne. . . . London, 1638. 30p. (Reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany, vol. 4, pp. 12-26) P342
The Public. Vols. 1-22; April 1898-6 December 1919. Weekly. Edited by Louis F. Post and published during most of its life in Chicago. P343
A journal of liberal thought which conducted frequent crusades for freedom of the press, dealing with Post Office censorship, restrictions on birth control information, and, shortly before its demise, with wartime censorship.
"Public Confidence and the Censor." World's Work, 34:243-44, July 1917. P344
Objection to Creel as not having "sufficient of the public's confidence to give him a good chance to succeed in so difficult a position [i.e. wartime censor]."
"Public Librarian as Censor." Library Association Record, 16:83-85, 14 February 1914. P345
Summary of a spirited discussion on whether and to what extent the public librarian should perform the duty of censor, presented at a meeting of the Liverpool and District Association of Assistant Librarians. Participants were H. Tempest (Liverpool Athenaeum), R. Cochran (Wavertree), E. C. Wickens (Liverpool Reference), and S. A. Firth (Birkenhead).
"Public Opinion in Wartime." New Republic, 12:204-7, 22 September 1917. P346
Accuses the conservative press of acquiescing in the most doubtful stretch of the espionage law to secure suppression of Socialist and radical publications.
The Publications Laws of the State of Colorado. Boulder, Colo., University Extension Division, University of Colorado, 1932. 277p. P347
Publicity and Juvenile Courts. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1965. 6p. (Publication no. 140) P348 §
"This paper briefly summarizes provisions of the juvenile codes and coverage policies of news media. The bulk of the paper is concerned with the identification issue--to name or not to name, to make known to or keep secret from the public who the youthful offenders are--and the arguments that are made for and against such full disclosure. Finally there is a summary of what scientifically controlled studies have found out about the effects of communications on young people."
"Publishers Protest Leipzig Congress." Publishers' Weekly, 133:211-13, 15 January 1938; reply, 1606-8, 16 April 1938. P349
American book publishers, refusing to attend a meeting of the International Publishers' Congress to be held in Leipzig, sent a letter to the Congress secretary protesting against German censorship. Karl Baur, leader of the German publishers' organization, answers the letter.
"Publishers Speak Out Against Censorship." Publishers' Weekly, 148:1830-32, 20 October 1945. P350
Text of A Statement About Censorship, signed by 26 publishers, appearing in the Boston papers, protesting the decision of the Massachusetts Supreme Court in the Strange Fruit case.
Publishers' Weekly. New York, R. R. Bowker, 1872-date. Weekly. P351
This news journal of the book industry regularly carries news and editorial comments on issues and events relating to freedom of the press and censorship. It is a major source for news of censorship action taken against particular books by pressure groups, police officers, and the courts. It is also a source of information on state and federal legislation relating to freedom of the press.
[Pulteney, William]. The Honest Jury, or, Caleb Triumphant. London, 1729. folio broadside. P352
A ballad written by Pulteney, under the pseudonym of Caleb D'Anvers, to celebrate the verdict of the jury freeing Richard Francklin, publisher of The Craftsman, of libel charges.
Pumphrey, Byron. "Censorship of Radio Programs and Freedom of Speech--Beginning with the Case of KFKB Broadcasting Association v. Federal Radio Commission." Kentucky Law Journal, 22:634-41, May 1934. P353
Purcell, Gillis. "Wartime Censorship in Canada." International Journal, 2:250-61, Summer 1947. P354
"The analysis outlines the principles on which censorship in Canada [World War II] was based, its organization, and its operation. It traces the underlying factors in censorship and their relation to the operation of a fighting democracy."
Purcell, William L. "A Knock on the Door; Censorship Strikes a Librarian at Home." Library Journal, 88:526+, 1 February 1963. P355
A librarian writes of the seizure, by postal inspection at the time of mail delivery to his home, of a book, Housewife's Handbook on Selective Promiscuity, by Mrs. Ray Anthony, published by Documentary Books, New York. Purcell defends the book and his right to read it.
Purified Proverbs and Censored Qotations. New York, Amour Press, 1930. 32p. P356
This "fig-leaf edition" turns a few innocuous quotations into highly suggestive sentences by the deletion of occasional words. The booklet is waggishly dedicated to the memory of Anthony Comstock and a note offers to send the unexpurgated edition in a plain envelope to ministers, doctors, teachers, etc., who are 21 or over.
Purvis, Hoyt. "The Dean's Blue Pencil." Motive, 25:35-38, November 1964. P357
Administrative censorship of college newspapers and magazines.
Putnam, George H. Books and their Makers during the Middle Ages . . . New York, Putnam's, 1896. 2 vols. P358
Privileges and Censorship in Italy, pp. 343-406; Privileges and Regulations in Germany, pp. 407-36; Control and Censorship in France, pp. 347-63; Literary Property in England, pp. 464-599. The last section relates to the development of controls under the Stationers' Company.
-------. "A Censor for Books?" Review of Reviews, 75:404-5, April 1927. P359
In response to the request of the editors for an expression of his opinion on censorship, the author submits a report of his contentions maintained at a hearing in Albany before the committee in charge of the Censorship Bill in the previous year. Experience has shown that no person has qualifications that make him worthy to act as censor, that is, no one is absolutely free from prejudice.
-------. "Censorship." Bookman, 52:234-40, November 1920. P360
Putnam recognizes the contribution of the vice society in controlling obscenity, but believes it should not have final decision on books since it was not established by popular vote. Political literature presents the more serious difficulty. Government "is entitled to make a presentment against literature the circulation of which the officials believe to be antagonistic to the maintenance of law and order, but that such presentment ought itself be passed upon by a commission representing the authority of one of the existing courts, or of a special court constituted for the purpose."
-------. The Censorship of the Church of Rome and Its Influence upon the Production and Distribution of Literature . . . New York, Putnam's, 1907. 2 vols. P361
"A study of the history of the prohibitory and expurgatory indexes, together with some consideration of the effects of Protestant censorship and of censorship by the State." Putnam deals with early indexes issued by Henry VIII, before the time of the first papal Index, the "Index" of Thomas James, librarian of the Bodleian Library, 1627, and the translations of the Bible. He deals briefly with later suppression of religious works in England by the government and Protestant clergy.
-------. "The Growth of the Censorship Idea." Independent, 110:334-35, 26 May 1923. (Reprinted in Beman, Censorship of Speech and the Press, pp. 22-28) P362 §
A brief review of the history of censorship from 400 B.C. to the 1920s. More mischief has been brought about through unwise censorship than through allowing books that might be pernicious. A commission representing the authority of a court should condemn a book before the Postmaster General has a right to exclude it from the mails.
-------. "Literary Censorship." In A Cyclopedia of Education, edited by Paul Monroe. New York, Macmillan, 1914. vol. 4, pp. 32-41. P363
A history of censorship going back to the early Christian Church and the Roman Empire and coming down to the present time (1914) in England, Germany, and the United States.
Putnam, George P., ed. Nonsensorship . . . Sundry Observations Concerning Inhibitions and Illegalities. New York, Putnam's, 1922. 181p. P364
A group of "not-too-serious thinkers" set down their pet aversions to various forms of censorship and prohibition. Contributors include Heywood Broun, Ben Hecht, Frederick O'Brien, and Dorothy Parker. J. Frank Chase of the Watch and Ward Society wrote an unfavorable review of the book in The Light, January-February 1923, pp. 44-48.
-------. Wide Margins: a Publisher's Autobiography. New York, Harcourt, Brace, 1942. 351p. P365
Contains numerous anecdotes relating to censorship in the book publishing world--Married Love, Jurgen, and the incident of Comstock's action against the painting, September Morn, which Putnam states was created by a press agent, Harry Reichenback.
Putnam, Samuel P. 400 Years of Freethought. New York, Truth Seeker, 1894. 874p. P366
This encyclopedia of the free-thought movement contains biographical material on many persons who participated in the crusade against blasphemous, or obscene libel. Includes sketches and portraits of Annie Besant, Charles Bradlaugh, E. B. Foote, Jr., and Sr., G. W. Foote, Ezra H. Heywood, G. J. Holyoake, Abner Kneeland, T. B. Wakeman, E. C. Walker, and Elizur Wright.
Putney, Bryant. Censorship of Press and Radio. Washington, D.C., Editorial Research Reports, 1939. (Editorial Research Reports, 2(12):228-88, 1939) P367
A review of U.S. censorship during World War I and subsequent policies of voluntary censorship by the newspaper and radio industries. Survey of censorship in Europe after the outbreak of World War II.
Pyburn, George. The Conspiracy against Free Speech and Free Press. New York, Edwin C. Walker, 1902. 32p. P368
This tiny (12 cm) pamphlet by an M. D. criticizes the lack of free speech and press in the hysteria following the assassination of President McKinley: the press criticism of remarks by Senator Wellington (Md.); efforts to remove the free speech clause from the Virginia bill of rights; seizure of anarchist publications; and the "tyranny" of the Post Office Department in refusing to carry publications containing alien doctrine.
Pyle, Fitzroy. "The Prohibited Issue of A Mirror for Magistrates." Hermathena; a Series of Papers on Literature, Science, and Philosophy (Dublin), 51:1-28, May 1938. P369
A chapter on the history of Marian printing. This collection of versified moralization of English history, probably published before June 1554 without authorization, was disapproved because it gave too much scope for tactless Protestant commentary and employed a technique that, it was feared, might be applied to the ruling dynasty.
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