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"Plays that Catholics Censor." Literary Digest, 53:1603-4, 16 December 1916. P203
Relates to the Catholic Theater Movement and its "white list" of plays that are "free from objectionable and vulgar features." Quotes criticism of the group's judgment by Heywood Broun.
Plomer, Henry R. "The Protestant Press in the Reign of Queen Mary." Library, 1(3d ser.):54-72, January 1910. P204
The author, by careful examination of evidence, suspects that the secret printer of news critical of Queen Mary and the Catholic religion was Hugh Singleton who may have joined Humphrey Powell in exile in Dublin, once life in London became risky.
-------. "Secret Printing During the Civil War." Library, 5 (n.s.):374-403, October 1904. P205
Study of the clandestine operations of the press and the book trade during the British Civil War and the Commonwealth, 1640-50, particularly those employed by Lilburne and Overton.
-------. "Some Dealings of the Long Parliament with the Press." Library, 10 (n.s.):90-97, January 1909. P206
Pertains to the action of the Committee on Printing in dealing with authors and printers who incurred the wrath of the Presbyterian majority. Includes action against George [Gregory?] Dexter, Richard Herne, Francis Couler, Thomas Bates, and William Botler.
Plucknett, Theodore F. T. "Libel and Slander." Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences. New York, Macmillan, 1931. vol. 9, pp. 430-35. P207
[Plumer, William]. Freedom's Defence; or A Candid Examination of Mr. Calhoun's Report on the Freedom of the Press, Made to the Senate of the United States, Feb. 4, 1836: By Cincinnatus [pseud.]. Worchester, Mass., Dorr, Howland, 1836. 24p. P208
Calhoun had recommended postal censorship of abolitionist literature.
Plumptre, James. The English Drama Purified: Being a Specimen of Select Plays, all the Passages that Have Appeared to the Editor to Be Objectionable in Point of Morality Are Omitted or Altered. With Prefaces and Notes. Cambridge, F. Hudson, 1812. 3 vols. P209
Plumptre was a Fellow of Clare-Hall, Cambridge. The general preface to the work explains his purpose and method of bowdlerizing the plays in the collection (pp. i-xxvii).
[Pocklington, John]. "Proceedings against Dr. John Pocklington, for Innovations into the Church of England, 1641." In Howell, State Trials, vol. 5, pp. 747-65. (Schroeder reproduces portions of the offending pamphlet in his Constitutional Free Speech Denied, pp. 230-52) P210 §
In addition to such offenses as turning the communion table altarwise and using an altar cloth in his services, this English minister was charged with publishing two pamphlets advocating "Popish" practices in the Church of England. He was deprived of his preferments and his books were ordered burned by the common hangman. For the offense of prior licensing of the two pamphlets, the Rev. William Bray was required to preach a recantation sermon.
Pocklington, Peter D. "The Aftermath of Lady Chatterley." Library World, 67:219-22, March 1965. P211
A new look at the handling of sex books in British public libraries in light of present liberal attitudes and the Obscene Publications Act of 1959. "I am quite convinced that we do more harm by trying to keep books with a sexual content away from adolescents than by allowing them free rein to read what they like."
Podell, Albert N. "Censorship on the Campus: the Case of the Chicago Review." San Francisco Review, 1(2):71-87, Spring 1959. P212
The story of the suppression of the Chicago Review by the University of Chicago, told by a former member of the staff of that literary quarterly.
Podhoretz, Norman, and Brian O'Doherty. "The Present and Future of Pornography." Show, 4(6):54-55+, June 1964. P213
Podhoretz discusses pornography in the bookstalls, including Candy. O'Doherty discusses pornography openly displayed under the label "art."
"The Poem That Caused a Campus Controversy." Realist, 7: 17-18, April 1959. P214
Reports an incident at Queens College, New York.
"Poetic Licenses; a Forecast." Littell's Living Age, 183:509-11, 23 November 1889. (Reprinted from Punch) P215
A humorous one-act play founded on supposed censorship of songs.
Poffenberger, A. T. "Motion Pictures and Crime." Scientific Monthly, 12:336-39, April 1921. (Reprinted in Rutland, State Censorship of Motion Pictures, pp. 58-63) P216
Recommends censorship of films to eliminate portrayal of crime that might be harmful to the child.
Poindexter, Miles. "Your Right to Speak Freely." Forum, 60:670-76, December 1918. P217
"If the free operation of public opinion is essential in time of peace it is more essential in time of war because of the vital character of the issues involved." The author is a U.S. Senator from the state of Washington.
"Police against the Publisher." New Statesman and Nation, 48:380, 2 October 1954. P218
Lack of judgment in an anti-obscenity campaign which doesn't distinguish between literary works and trash makes laughing stock of the Home Secretary and of the law.
"Police as Literary Censor." Literary Digest, 44:533-34, 16 March 1912. P219
A satire on the use of the police to enforce moral standards in literature.
"Police Censorship in Toronto." Secular Thought, 37:147-50, May 1911. P220
Deals with case of Albert Britnell, convicted of selling Three Weeks and The Yoke.
"Policy for the Library Association of Australia." Australian Library Journal, 13:55-57, June 1964. P221
An editorial urging the Library Association of Austrialia to adopt an official statement on the freedom to read.
Polier, Shad. "The Times 'Libel' Case." Nieman Reports, 17?(1):29-32, March 1963. P222 §
A civil liberties lawyer discusses the significance of the issues in the Alabama libel suit against the New York Times, brought before the U.S. Supreme Court. "The suit . . . presents squarely for the first time for decision by the United States Supreme Court the question of what limitations upon the law of libel are imposed by the First Amendment." Polier criticizes the nation's press and broadcasting industry for relative silence upon the issues.
Politella, Dario. Patterns of Press Freedom in a Selected Group of Colleges and Universities in Indiana, 1964. Syracuse, N.Y., Syracuse University, 1965. 440p. (Ph.D. dissertation, University Microfilms no. 65-7977) P223
"Political Censorship Threats Studied by Publishers." Publishers' Weekly, 159:2527-28, 23 June 1951. P224
Report on trend toward political censorship of books made by the Anti-Censorship Committee of the American Book Publishers Council.
Political Prisoners Defense and Relief Committee. Sentenced to Twenty Years Prison. New York, The Committee, [1919]. 32p. P225
Case of Jacob Abrams, Samuel Lipman, Hyman Lachowsky, and Mollie Stimer, who were sentenced to twenty years for distributing a circular, the essence of which was, "Will you allow the Russian revolution to be crushed? The Russian revolution calls to the workers of the world for help."
Pollack, Jack H. "Newsstand Filth: A National Disgrace!" Better Homes and Gardens, 35:10-11+, September 1957. P226
An attack on obscene magazines that are flooding the newsstands. The author calls on citizens to protest to dealers; to work through clubs, church groups, professional organizations to make their protests felt; to bring the matter to the attention of local law enforcement officials; and to watch what teenage children are reading.
Pollard, Graham. "The Company of Stationers before 1557." Library, 18(4th ser.):1-38, June 1937. P227
The economic structure of the early London book trade and the corporate organization in which it was reflected. Relates to censorship only indirectiy.
-------. "The Role of the Censorship." Labour Monthly, 11:433-38, July 1929. P228
A brief historical summary of censorship of Church and State which in every generation is called forth by decaying society. "As an old man must eschew the pleasures of the flesh, so the ageing bourgeoisie can have no place for unremunerative art." While there is an increasing philistinism in Britain, the U.S.S.R. promotes art. "The only hope for the future of art is the united front of the intellectuals and the proletariat against the dead hand of the philistine capitalist censorship."
Pollard, James E., and E. M. Martin, eds. Ohio Newspapers and the Law. Columbus, Ohio, Ohio State University Press, [1956]. 210p. (Journalism series, no. 16) P229
Pollard, Robert S. W. Abolish the Blasphemy Laws. London, Society for the Abolition of the Blasphemy Laws, [1957]. 15p. P230
-------. "A Prosecution for Obscenity." Journal of Sex Education, 3:50-52, October-November 1950. P231
Case tried in Blackpool, England, 24 July 1950, involved several books on sex education, including the works of Havelock Ellis.
Pollitt, Daniel H. "Campus Censorship: Statute Barring Speakers from State Educational Institutions." North Carolina Law Review, 42:179-99, December 1963. P232
"The last place in a democracy to expect restrictions on the thinking process is in a university or college. Yet the censorship of ideas in such institutions is not rare. A brief exploration of these restrictions will put the North Carolina law in sharper focus and proper perspective." The article considers control of teachers, control of the curriculum, control of textbooks, and control of outside speakers.
Pollock, Channing. "Swinging the Censor." Authors' League Bulletin, 4(12):3-9, March 1917. (Reprinted from Photoplay, May 1916) P233
"A censor is the politicians' way of correcting Nature, which gave us five senses and only one conscience. . . . A motion picture censor is one of eighteen or twenty persons paid to tell an hundred million what they can see and enjoy . . . We are a decent-minded majority, and it is as normal for us to demand clean entertainment as to demand clean collars. While this is true, we do not need censors, and, when it ceases to be true, censors will be merely futile fools trying to sweep back the sea."
Pollock, Jack, and Mack Lundstrom. A Survey of Freedom of Access to News in Nebraska. Lincoln, Nebr., School of Journalism, University of Nebraska, n.d. 17p. (Studies in Nebraska Journalism, no. 2) P234
"Forty-one newspapers across the state [Nebraska], or 69 percent of the respondents, listed 143 cases of current abridgement of freedom of information in 33 categories. Of the 59 papers that returned the questionnaire, 18 reported that they have no trouble with either closed meetings or closed access to the news sources. . . . The largest number of respondents named county welfare and unemployment agencies as suppressors of news."
Pollock, John. "The Censorship." Fortnightly Review, 91 (n.s.):880-94, May 1912. P235
A survey of British censorship past and present, with criticism of contemporary censorship practices.
Pontifex, W. S. "Suppressio Veri." Socialist Review (London), 14:145-50, May-June 1917. P236
The English press concealed news about the crimes and horrors of Tsarist Russia while presenting a full account of the war crimes of the Germans. The Russian Revolution came as a "bolt from the blue" to the British people, who had not been told of the corrupt Russian court and of the attempts to make a separate peace with Germany.
Pool, Ithiel de Sola. "Free Discussion and Public Taste." Public Opinion Quarterly, 24:19-23, Spring 1960. P237
Testimony at public hearings held by the FCC on 11 December 1959. Recommends FCC-sponsored research which will determine what reforms are needed to see that broadcaster monopoly is used for the public good.
Poole, Frederic. "The Philadelphia Stage Censorship." Authors' League Bulletin, 15(4-5):11-13, July-August 1927. P238
"We believe we have created a relationship between censorial authority, local managers, visiting producers, and the city administration and the public, that has enabled us to secure tangible results without friction and with the commendation of the public at large in the city of Philadelphia." Comments on the Philadelphia Board of Theatre Control.
Pope, James S. "The Cult of Secrecy." Nieman Reports, 5(4):8-10, October 1951. P239
The chairman of the Committee on Freedom of the Press of the American Society of Newspaper Editors discusses the control of government information in a Kappa Tau Alpha lecture at the University of Illinois.
-------. "Freedom Is Indivisable." Nieman Reports, 7(1):30-34, January 1953. P240
The executive editor of the Louisville Times and the Courier-Journal delivers the first Lovejoy Lecture at Colby College, 6 November 1952.
-------. No Sustained Colloquy. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1962. 3p. (Publication no. 73) P241 §
The author calls for a sustained colloquy between government and the press in preserving the coexistence of truth and security in a democracy. He suggests a number of informal, voluntary codes to be observed by government and the press.
-------. "The Suppression of News." Atlantic Monthly, 188:50-54, July 1951. Discussion, 188:16-17, September 1951. (Reprinted in Atlantic Essays, pp. 395-405) P242
"The free press guaranteed by our Constitution is encountering a new--and growing--obstacle: A flat refusal by many public officials to divulge what is going on in their conduct of office." The author examines ways in which federal, state, and local government suppress information.
-------. "U.S. Press Is Free to Print the News but Too Often Is Not Free to Gather It." Quill, 39(7):9, 21-22, July 1951. P243
How officials dam up the news that it is the people's business to know.
-------. "We Have Just Begun to Fight for Press Freedom." Quill, 47(11):39-41, November 1959. P244
A review of the recent achievements in freedom of information and some of the problems yet to be solved.
Popkin, Henry. "The Famous and Infamous Wares of Monsieur Girodias." New York Times Book Review, 65(16):4, 17 April 1960. P245
The Olympia Press of Paris, which has thrived on publication of pornography and banned books, expects to be forced out of business in five or ten years by the weakening of British and American censorship.
Pore, Harry R., Jr. "A Trustee Looks at the Freedom to Read." Pennsylvania Library Association Bulletin, 18:6-9, May 1963. P246 §
A newspaper editor and public library trustee considers ways in which the library can meet the threats of censorship. "The basic weapons are what they have always been--courage, determination, a love of truth, and a respect for the opinion of others."
"Pornography and the Censor." New Statesman, 34:219-20, 23 November 1929. P247
Reviews of D. H. Lawrence's Pornography and the Law and Viscount Brentford's Do We Need a Censor? "We cannot remember ever having seen the two sides of an important publishing controversy set forth with so much vigor and such unimpeachable integrity. . . . In our view Lawrence wins hands down." The censor would have been wiser to suppress the essay than to attempt to answer it.
"Pornography and the Young." Times (London), Educational Supplement, 2560:1634, 12 June 1964. P248
Quotes from opposing views on the effect of pornography on the young as stated during parliamentary debate on the Obscene Publications Bill.
"Pornography . . . The New Black Plague." National Parent-Teacher, 54(1):20-22, September 1959. P249
Porritt, Edward. "The Government and the Newspaper Press in England." Political Science Quarterly, 12:666-83, December 1897. HREF="common.shtml">P250
"The purpose of this article is to trace the change which, during the last century, has come over the connection of the government with the newspaper press, so far as concerns the use of the press by the government and the attitude of the government towards newspapers, newspaper proprietors and journalists." The author sees no danger of political indoctrination.
Port, M. L. "Standards for Judging Obscenity--Who? What? Where?" Chicago Bar Record, 46:405-11, June 1965. P251
A statement of the relationship of the various courts in considering obscenity cases and procedures under which the cases are handled. The author describes 12 steps that must take place before a defendant is found guilty by a jury of selling obscene material.
Porter, Garrett. "Thomas Cooper, Apostle of Freedom." Scribner's Commentator, 9:99-103, April 1941. P252
Abstract of a radio dramatization of Thomas Cooper's opposition to the Sedition Act, his testing of it in the courts, his trial and imprisonment. The script quotes from his words in defense of free expression of opinion and the right of dissent.
Porter, Gary. "A Contrast in Press Freedom." Journal of the Student Press, 2(1):12-13, Autumn 1963. P253
Comment on the remarks of Vlademir V. Vashendchenko, Washington bureau-chief of Tass, in a talk at the University of Illinois.
Porter, James N. "Libel Law Reform." Macmillan's Magazine, 47:437-42, April 1883. P254
Relates to reforms proposed by the Select Committee of the House of Commons and enacted as the Newspaper Libel and Registration Act of 1881. Further changes are needed.
Porter, Robert B. "Library Problem." Ontario Library Review, 32:310-11, November 1948. P255
Dozens of American fiction titles, by reason of their "rawness," never see the inside of Canadian public libraries despite their literary merit. "They cannot, for obvious reason, be purchased, for they may disgust and revolt many excellent readers of discriminating taste, and they may run counter to the upbringing and training of others." If some of the borderline novels "have to go to maintain goodwill, to keep confident patrons, then it is a good thing and wholly justified. No library is doing its job if it should defy this principle, for the public library is above all a public institution, and must cater to its owners."
Portnoy, Julius. "Creators, Censors, Censorship." Teachers College Record, 66:579-87, April 1965. P256
A professor of philosophy examines the "creator" and the "censor" as personality types, each contributing to the complex of attitudes which defines a democratic civilization. Each poses his distinctive threats, but of the two, the censor, is far more dangerous. "Some censorship is necessary, but when it becomes excessive itself by making unwarranted inroads into our lives, then it turns from a moderating influence into an evil." He suggests a federal bureau of aesthetics to advise the courts on censorship of the arts.
"A Possible Paterson." Outlook, 104:318-21, 14 June 1913. P257
During the Paterson, N.J., strike an editor was accused of subverting organized government. The editor of the Outlook comments: "Freedom of speech and of the press does not mean freedom to lie and to slander; but if, under the guise of such freedom, any editor claims the right to libel a public official, he should be accused, not of hostility to government, but of libel, and be made to justify his libel or to suffer the consequences."
Post, Langdon W. "Placing the Responsibility." Publishers' Weekly, 117:718-19, 8 February 1930. P258
A New York legislator proposes a change in the obscenity law to shift responsibility from bookseller to book publisher.
Post, Louis F. "American Postal Censorship." Government, 2:27-34, October 1907. P259
Opposes postal censorship of works on sex education.
-------. "Growing Power of the Postal Censorship." Public, 8:778, 7 October 1905. P260 §
Deals with the E. G. Lewis case involving refusal of second-class mailing privileges.
-------. "Legal Limitations upon the Use of Language." Public, 11:147-49, 15 May 1908. P261
The editor answers a letter from Theodore A. Schroeder criticizing Post for saying that some speech may be prohibited.
-------. "Our Advancing Postal Censorship." Public, 8:290-91, 12 August 1905. P262
Deals with the Post Office ban on the periodical, Lucifer, the Light Bearer.
-------. "Our Despotic Postal Censorship." Public, 8:815-20, 10 March 1906. P263
Further comment on the Post Office ban on Lucifer. This article, together with the preceding article and various other comments of Editor Louis F. Post, have been reprinted by Schroeder in his Free Press Anthology, pp. 149-62. They have also been issued in a 35-page pamphlet by the Public Publishing Co., Chicago, 1905.
"Post Cards and Policemen." Justice of the Peace, 118:213-14, 3 April 1954. P264
The author cautions local officials against too hasty and too zealous application of the law of obscenity. "The practical harm to young people, from the exhibiting of the great mass of vulgar post cards, is almost negligible." He cites the difficulty in determining whether an item is obscene because of the lack of any scientific criteria. Obscenity is not subject to the same kind of inspection and analysis as milk or sausage.
"Postal Sanctions: A Study of the Summary Use of Administrative Power." Indiana Law Journal, 31:257-70, Winter 1956. P265
"The present use of these powers [postal sanctions] by the Post Office Department is without judicial precedent or legislative authority. Clearly it is the duty of the courts to declare such usurpation of authority illegal." References are made in the study to impounding unmailable matter and interim stoppage of incoming mail.
Postgate, Raymond W. That Devil Wilkes. New York, Vanguard, 1929. 275p. (Rev. ed. issued by Dennis Dobson, London, 1956. 249p.) P266
A biography of the British political leader who became the symbol in eighteenth-century England of opposition to government tyranny and suppression of a free press. Wilkes was four times expelled from Parliament, spent four years in exile, and many months in prison for his political expressions. Despite his early reputation as a rake, Wilkes devoted most of his life to public service, challenging the abuse of the general warrant, defending the right to criticize the government and the king, asserting the right to publicize the proceedings of Parliament, and paving the way for a reform of the libel law.
"Postmaster General Cannot Refuse to Deliver Mail Pertaining to Future Issues of Obscene Magazines." Harvard Law Review, 68:1458-60, June 1955. P267
The fact that one issue of a magazine is declared obscene by the courts does not give postal authorities blanket permission to refuse future issues of the magazine.
"Postmaster General's Order to His Postmasters." Appeal to Reason, no. 653, 4 July 1908. P268
A discussion of the use of sex censorship to exclude Socialist papers from the mails.
Potocki, Count Geoffrey W. Vaile (of Montalk). Whited Sepulchres. Being an Account of My Trial and Imprisonment for a Parody of Verlaine and Some Other Verses. London, Right Review, 1936. 48p. P269 §
British-born Count Potocki, grandson of a Polish nobleman, was sentenced to six months in prison in 1932 for showing his five "obscene" poems to someone in an attempt to get them published. In this statement which he prepared following his conviction, Potocki explains his experimental use of taboo sex words. He attacks the British obscenity law, the conduct of his defense attorney, and the judge, and accuses the prosecution of printing and privately circulating his poems.
Potter, Horatio. Intellectual Liberty; or, Truth to be Maintained by Reason, Not by Physical Power. Albany, N.Y., Packard & Van Benthuysen, 1837. 16p. P270
An essay on freedom of expression, inspired by the killing of Elijah P. Lovejoy, abolitionist editor.
Pound, Ezra. "Honor and the United States Senate." Poetry, 36:150-52, June 1930. P271
Praise of Senator Cutting for his support in exempting the classics from seizure by the U.S. Customs.
Pound, Roscoe. "Equitable Relief Against Defamation and Injuries to Personality." Harvard Law Review, 29:640-82, 1915-16. P272
-------. "Government in Time of War." Vital Speeches, 7:375-76, 1 April 1941. (Reprinted in Summers, Wartime Censorship, pp. 60-64) P273 §
"Pound of Waltzing Mice." Time, 48(24):24-25, 9 December 1946. P274
Action against Edmund Wilson's Memoirs of Hecate County in a New York court. "Finding a yardstick for proving a serious book indecent is as difficult as weighing a pound of waltzing mice."
Powell, Arthur C. Law Specially Affecting Printers, Publishers and Newspaper Proprietors; 2d Issue, Comprising Several Additional Subjects, Including the Law of Libel Amendment Act. London, Stevens, 1889. 255p. P275
Powell, B. "Smith the Censor." Free Review, 5:337-51, January 1896. P276
Describes the unofficial censorship of British newsstands.
Powell, L. F., Jr. "Right to a Fair Trial." American Bar Journal, 51:534-38, June 1965. P277
The most serious conflict between press and Bar is in the field of pretrial publications which have the potential of prejudicing defendant's right to a fair and impartial trial. The author describes and analyzes problems to be considered in working out a solution.
Powell, L. W. Resolution on Freedom of the Press by Senator L. W. Powell, 23 June 1864. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1864. 1p. (Senate Document 131, 38th Cong., 1st sess.) P278
The resolution condemns the military order which interfered with freedom of the press at Cincinnati, Ohio, and requests that the order be revoked.
-------. Resolution on Suppression of Newspapers by Senator L. W. Powell, 26 May 1864. 1p. (Senate Document 120, 38th Cong., 1st sess.) P279
The resolution stated that the conduct of the executive authority of the Government in suppressing the publications of the World and Journal of Commerce, of New York City, was unwarranted in itself, dangerous to the cause of the Union, in violation of the Constitution, and subversive of the principles of civil authority.
Powell, Robert. "Britain Explains the Censor's Role." Living Age, 360:76-78, March 1941. P280
An analysis of the criticism of British wartime censorship by American correspondents.
"Power of the State to Enjoin Publication of a Newspaper as a Public Nuisance." Minnesota Law Review, 14:787-98, June 1930. P281 §
Relates to the Minnesota case, Olson v. Guildford, in which the Supreme Court of that state held that a statute declaring a newspaper regularly engaged in the publishing of malicious, scandalous, and defamatory material to constitute a nuisance and enjoinable as such was not an abridgment of freedom of the press. The author considers the meaning and limits of constitutional guarantees in light of this decision and concurs with the decision. The U.S. Supreme Court later declared the act unconstitutional (Near v. Minnesota).
Powers, Florence. "Must Fiction+Sex=Censorship?" California Libraries, 20:224-26, 258, October 1959. P282
The Long Beach Public Library policy, in dealing with potentially troublemaking books, includes a book selection policy, a thorough study by the staff, and, on at least one occasion, a public discussion.
Powers, Francis J. Religious Liberty and the Police Power of the State; a Study of the Jurisprudential Concepts Underlying the Problem of Religious Freedom and Its Relationship to the Police Power in the United States with Special Reference to Recent Decisions of the United States Supreme Court on the Subject. Washington, D.C., Catholic University of America Press, 1948. 184p. P283
"The primary purpose of this study is to appraise, in the light of scholastic principles, the jurisprudential concepts underlying the problem of the relationship between religious freedom, as constitutionally guaranteed and protected, and the police power of the state." "On the whole," the author finds, "the courts' pronouncements have harmonized favorably with the tenets of scholastic jurisprudence." The author gives considerable attention to the implications of decisions with respect to Jehovah's Witnesses.
[Poynder, John]. Observations upon Sunday Newspapers; tending to show the Impiety of such a Violation of the Sabbath, the Religious and Political Evils Consequent upon the Practice, and the Necessity which exists for its Suppression. By a Layman. London, n.p., 1820. P284
Poynder was a lay theological writer who participated in various religious and social crusades in England and was author of a number of doctrinal works.
Pratt, Fletcher. "How the Censors Rigged the News." Harper's Magazine, 192:97-105, February 1946. P285
Critical of wartime censorship, this foreign correspondent places on the censors and press relations officers considerable blame for the inefficient reporting of the war. He sees a danger in continued government censorship. "The official censors have pretty well succeeded in putting over the legend that the war was won without a single mistake, by a command consisting exclusively of geniuses, who now have asked to be rewarded by being placed in the control of all scientific thought and utterance."
Pratt, Ralph E. "Obscenity: Obscene Publications, Pictures, and Articles: Prohibition of Importation." Kansas Law Review, 7:216-19, December 1958. P286
Notes on the reversal of the decision under the Tariff Act of 1930 prohibiting the import of a collection of photographs intended for Dr. Kinsey's Institute for Sex Research, U.S. v. 31 Photographs.
Prentice, Archibald. Historical Sketches and Personal Recollections of Manchester. Intended to Illustrate the Progress of Public Opinion from 1792 to 1832. 2d ed. London, C. Gilpin, 1851. 432p. P287
The publisher of the Manchester Times includes in his memoirs a discussion of many of the cases of prosecution of publishers during the hysteria that swept England during the French Revolution and under the Sidmouth and Castlereagh governments: William Cobbett, John and Leigh Hunt, John Edward Taylor, and Prentice's own trial for libel in 1831 in which he turned to Jeremy Bentham for advice. He also reports on a Manchester "society to put down levellers" formed in 1792 to systematically "bring to justice the authors, publishers, and distributors of all seditious and treasonable writings . . . The official name of the society was the Association for Preserving Constitutional Order, Liberty, and Property, against the Various Efforts of Levellers and Republicans."
"Press and Crime." Bulletin, American Academy of Medicine, 12:253-316, October 1911. P288
Contains the report of a committee, appointed to consider the publishing of details of suicides in the public press and other related papers.
"The Press and Its Readers." Christian Century, 51:1616-17, 19 December 1934. P289
Commenting on the newspapers' fear of the powers of the Federal Communications Commission, the editor believes it is the freedom of the reader that is threatened by the economic and political powers of the press.
"The Press and the Bar." Law Times, 5:85-86, 3 May 1845. P290
Accusation against the Times for maliciously removing the name and remarks of Serjeant Talfourd from reports of law cases in which he appears.
"The Press and the Law of Libel." Solicitors' Journal, 2:657-58, 12 June 1858. P291
The right of a newspaper to publish fair reports of court proceedings.
"The Press and the Law of Libel." Irish Law Times, 20:425-26, 4 September 1886. P292
Editorial comment on the case, Armstrong et al. v. Armit, et al., involving newspaper libel. The newspaper as a "watchdog of civilization" does not believe in keeping silent just because there is nothing to bark at; the law sometimes needs to let fly its bootjack to silence unnecessary howling.
The Press and the People; a Series of Television Programs produced by WGBH-TV, Boston, Mass., with a Grant from the Fund for the Republic. New York, The Fund, n.d., nos. 1-15. P293
These programs, for which edited scripts are available, are moderated by Louis M. Lyons, Curator of Nieman Fellowships, Harvard University. The programs "are designed to bring television audiences informed discussion of the problems and performance of the American press in reporting the leading questions of the day." Many of the programs deal, at least indirectly, with freedom of the press. No. 1, The News from China; No. 4, Secrecy in Government; and Nos. 8 and 9, The Responsibilities of Television.
"The Press and the People--A Survey." Fortune, 20(2):64-65, 70-78, August 1939. P294
A public opinion poll reveals that the majority consider radio news more free of prejudice than newspapers; newspaper reporting fair and unprejudiced, except in matters of politics; and news unfavorable to the publishers' interest likely to be suppressed. The majority believe the American press is free "except as it inhibits itself or kowtows to men with financial or political influence." The majority also believe that the press should be limited only by public opinion and the editor's good taste, not by government controls.
The Press and the Public Service. By a Distinguished Writer. London, G. Routledge, 1857. 272p. P295
The book was written anonymously in defiance of current government distrust of anonymity (the Secretary of State had required persons in his department suspected of anonymous writing to prove they had not written a piece or be discharged). The author asks "whether publishers and editors can be indirectly forced to betray their clients and be thus virtually compelled to destroy the right of anonymous writing on which the liberty of the Press is chiefly founded?" Chapters deal with Liberty of the Press, Anonymous Writing, The Law of Honor, and Official Secrets and Persecutions, Recriminations, and Dismissal.
"The Press Censorship." Economist (London), 79:909-10, 21 November 1914. (Reprinted in Living Age, 9 January 1915) P296
"In time of war foreign newspapers can manufacture quite freely whatever opinion they wish to attribute to politicians or newspapers in this country." And this being so, the argument that controversy in the British Press may comfort and assist the enemy loses all value. If the British Press were muzzled, as is the German press, "the effect upon neutral opinion would be much more mischievous."
"Press Censorship! a Revival of Mediaeval Animosity to the Press, the Old Henderson Bill . . . the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing in Danger! Shall an Inquisition Be Established on American Soil?" Advertiser's Guide, May 1894, pp. 4-8. P297
Contains interviews with congressmen and extracts from a report of a congressional committee on extending the power of the Postmaster General over the content of the mails, by extending the present censorship of publications on sex education.
"Press Censorship by Judicial Construction." New Republic, 26:123-25, 30 March 1921. P298
The author criticizes the nation's press for its approval or indifference to the recent conviction of the Milwaukee Leader, for seditious libel "in a decision which immediately affects only a despised Socialist sheet, but which involves nothing less than the control of the press."
"The Press in War-Time." Fortnightly Review, 79 (n.s.):528-36, March 1906. P299
"Secrecy is the essence of successful warfare. Publicity is the essence of successful journalism. How is a common ground to be found?" A careful bill should be written in peacetime to lie dormant until needed.
"The Press: Its Fairness and Freedom." Fortune, 16(4):170, 173, October 1937. (Fortune Survey X) P300
The survey asked: Do newspapers present news fairly? Do you think newspapers should be allowed to print anything they choose except libelous matter?
"Press Law." In Encyclopaedia Britannica. 11th ed., 1911. vol. 22, pp. 299-304. P301
Comprehensive treatment of the laws concerning the restrictions of the press in various countries, with fullest accounts of current legislation in Great Britain and the British Dominions.
Press Restrain'd: A Poem Occasion'd by a Resolution of the House of Commons, to consider that Part of Her Majesty's Message to the House, which relates to the great License taken in Publishing false and scandalous Libels. London, John Morphew, 1712. 16p. P302
A light-hearted lampooning of the radical pamphleteering of the day. The poet thinks we may now return to more delightful themes of love, but also volumes of greater size and weight.
"The Press under Post Office Censorship." Current History, 7:235-36, November 1917. P303
Quotes clauses from the Trading with the Enemy Act and the Espionage Act which put press control during the war under the Postmaster General. This official has "the power to adjudge a publisher guilty in advance of trial by any judicial tribunal, and to destroy his business through a mere edict."
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