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Nelson, Helen. "Watchdog of the British Press." Saturday Review, 47(32):42-43, 8 August 1964. N102
A report on the work of the British Press Council, set up in 1953 at the suggestion of the First Royal Commission of the Press. Through the investigations of questionable practices, the Council developed a body of case law on newspaper ethics. There were numerous decisions defending theater and film critics from undue pressure from editors and advertisers, defending reporters from unethical demands of editors and unjust criticism from the public, and defending reporters who refused to disclose news sources. Reprimands were also issued by the Press Council to papers that had "sunk below the accepted levels of decency."
Nelson, Jack. "What Is the Problem?" NEA Journal, 52:19-21, May 1963. N103
A survey of the nationwide attacks on school textbooks. "In nearly a third of our state legislatures, textbooks came under fire from the early part of 1958 until the end of 1962." (Part of a 11-page feature on textbook censorship.)
-------, and Gene Roberts, Jr. The Censors and the Schools. Boston, Little, Brown, 1963. 208p. N104
A report on an investigation by two Nieman Fellows of the activities of pressure groups which attempt to influence the selection and content of public school textbooks. Included are the activities of the DAR, American Legion, America's Future, Inc., Texans for America, and the NAACP. Individuals taking a leading part in censorship efforts include Lucille Cardin Crain of the Educational Reviewer, E. Merrill Root, and J. Evetts Haley.
Nelson, S. C. The Latest Literary Boycott: A Bookseller's Censorship. London, 196 Strand, [1898?]. 8p. N105
Smith & Son of London refused to stock a novel entitled God Is Love by T. M. Ellis because they objected to the title for a work of fiction. The author complained both to the lending library and to the Society of Authors. This pamphlet urges that the book be ordered by mail.
Nerboso, Salvatore D. "McCarthy og de amerikanske informationsbiblioteker i udlandet." Bogens Verden, 36:167-68, May 1954. N106
Senator McCarthy and the attack on American information libraries abroad.
------. "U.S. Libraries." Library Journal, 79:20-25, 1 January 1954. (Reprinted in Daniels, Censorship of Books, pp. 107-11) N107 §
An account of the furor over censorship of books in U.S. information libraries overseas.
Nethercot, Arthur H. "Birth Control and The Fruits of Philosphy. " In his The First Five Lives of Annie Besant. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1960, pp. 107-30. N108
Among her many activities, Mrs. Besant was the first prominent woman to fight openly for birth control. This chapter deals with the famous court case, Queen v. Besant and Bradlaugh (1878) for the sale of Charles Knowlton's book on birth control.
Netherlands. Department van Buitenlandsche Zaken. Diplomatieke Bescheiden Betreffende de Inbeslagneming door de Britsche Autoriteiten van over Zee Vervoerde Brievenpost. Gravenhage, Algemeene Landsdrukkerij, 1916. 5p. N109
Postal censorship in Great Britain during World War I.
Neville, Laurence E. "Free Speech and Broadcasting." Broadcast, 16(3):40, 1 February 1939. N110
An editorial exploring various aspects of the confused state of mind with respect to freedom in broadcasting--the uncertainties in the application of administrative law by the FCC, the consideration by the broadcaster of his advertisers, and the difference between newspapers and broadcasting with respect to laws of libel and slander.
New Bedford, Mass. Free Public Library. The William L. Sayer Collection of Books and Pamphlets Relating to Printing, Newspapers, and Freedom of the Press. New Bedford, Mass., Free Public Library. Part 1, 1914 (38p.). Part 2, 1920 (24p.). N111
A list of 161 titles (80 in part 1, 81 in part 2) including many reports of early trials relating to freedom of the press. Particularly strong in newspaper libel cases. The pertinent publications are listed in the present bibliography.
"A New Bill to Amend the Obscene Books Law." Massachusetts Library Club Bulletin, 19:8-9, March 1929. N112
The text of the Shattuck bill, sponsored by the Massachusetts Library Club.
"New Censorship Bill; Massachusetts Citizens' Commitee for the Revision of the Book Law." Publishers' Weekly, 116:2820-21, 21 December 1929. N113
Draft of a bill to amend the Massachusetts obscenity statutes to solve "the distressing situation which has brought the ridicule of the entire civilized world upon the city of Boston." Edward L. Weeks, editor of the Atlantic Monthly, was chairman of the Revisions Committee.
"New Constitutional Definition of Libel and Its Future." Northwestern University Law Review, 60:95-113, March-April 1965. N114
An analysis of the doctrine on libel enunciated by the U.S. Supreme Court in the New York Times case and the prospects for expansion of the doctrine.
New England Society for the Suppression of Vice. Appeal for Support. Boston, The Society, 1878. 4p. N115
The Executive Committee, headed by Professor Homer B. Sprague, appeals for financial support of the newly organized vice society of Boston, "to aid in purifying our literature and checking our immorality." The Appeal also invited parents and teachers to report any evidence of immoral publications.
New England Watch and Ward Society. Dunster House Book Shop Case. A Statement by the Directors of The New England Watch and Ward Society. Boston, 1930. 25p. N116
The Watch and Ward Society secured the arrest of James A. Delacey, proprietor of the Dunster House Book Store in Cambridge, and his clerk, for the sale of Lady Chatterley's Lover to an agent provocateur of the Society. Both were fined and given short prison sentences. The method of entrapment greatly aroused the public and the Boston press against the Society. The case (Commonwealth v. Delacey) was appealed to the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, where the verdict of the lower courts was sustained, but the jail sentences remitted. This report was prepared by Thomas W. Proctor, attorney for the Society, to justify its part in the affair. "I have seen nothing in the activities of the agents of the Society in this case that was not in the public interest," Proctor concluded. The case had the effect of bringing about a change in the tactics of the Society and, indirectly, a modification of the Massachusetts obscenity law.
-------. Reports. Boston, The Society. Annual, 1878-date. (From 1878 to 1891, the organization was known as the New England Society for the Suppression of Vice) N117 §
The Society was organized in 1878 as an outgrowth of the Comstock movement to suppress the traffic in pornography. Gradually the efforts of the Society's agents turned on legitimate works of literature, succeeding in 1882 in suppressing the publication of Whitman's Leaves of Grass and stopping the sale of various classics and best sellers. Its successful action against the popular novel Three Weeks (Commonwealth v. Buckley), in 1907 brought the Society to the peak of its power. During the 20's it received the cooperation of the Boston booksellers in a system of self-censorship which kept from the bookstores many of the frank novels of the post-World War I period. In 1925 H. L. Mencken successfully challenged the Society by selling a copy of his American Mercury on the Boston Common to Frank Chase, longtime agent of the Society, and in 1930 the Society was subjected to public ridicule in the entrapment of a Cambridge bookseller for the sale of Lady Chatterley's Lover. In the 1950's the Society turned from literary censorship to a program of education against corruption, graft, and juvenile delinquency. During most of its history the Society had the backing of prominent Boston leadership and had the support of the city officials, the courts, and the press.
New Jersey. Assembly. Committee to Study and Investigate Obscenity in Certain Publications. Final Report. Pursuant to Assembly Concurrent Resolution No. 15, 1960. [Trenton], The Assembly, 1962. 38p. N118
-------. Public Hearing Held Assembly Chamber, State House, Trenton, New Jersey, October 17 1961. [Trenton, 1961]. 93p. N119
New Jersey Committee for The Right to Read. The Readers' Right. Caldwell, N.J., The Committee, 1964-date. Bimonthly. N120 §
A mimeographed newsletter issued to report on New Jersey events relating to censorship. The Committee "is organized to support local action groups with guidance and with information relating to censorship groups and their activities, while also maintaining a statewide educational and public relations program."
"New Jersey's Journalistic Perils." Literary Digest, 46:1366-67, 21 June 1913. N121
Excerpts from newspaper editorials defending editor Alexander Scott who had been convicted and imprisoned for "daring to impugn the Paterson police in his Weekly Issue.Ò
New Orleans. Public Relations Section. Report on Comic Books, to Mayor Morrison and the Common Council of City of New Orleans. [New Orleans, 1948]. 49p. N122
Report was prepared by Dave McGuire, city director of public relations.
"New Pennsylvania Libel Law." Outlook, 74:202-3, 23 May 1903. N123
The ban on caricatures of political figures in the press is an abridgment of freedom of the press. Relates to the case of Governor Pennypacker, sponsor of a more severe libel law.
"New Phases of the Government's War upon Disloyalty." Current Opinion, 63:223-24, October 1917. N124
Deals with the suppression of radical papers and meetings during World War I. Lists some of the papers being suppressed and the groups forbidden to have meetings.
"The New Pornography." Time, 85(16):28-29, 16 April 1965. N125
With the liberalizing court decisions on what is obscene, just about anything is now printable in the United States. The pornographer finds himself hard put to stay ahead of the avant-garde literary publishers. This essay treats of the "new immoralist" whose writings add up to "homosexual nihilism" (the Genet-Burroughs crowd). Their writings are not pornographic in the sense of arousing sexual excitement; they create a pornographic nausea and are an offense against hedonism. The article quotes a Methodist minister as saying: "A return to ribaldry would be a very good thing. People ought to laugh in bed, and at some of the current writing about bed."
A New Project for the Destruction of Printing and Bookselling; for the Benefit of the Learned World . . . London, Printed from the Dublin copy, and sold by J. Roberts, [1729]. N126
This eighteenth-century pamphlet is the subject of W. G. Clifford's book of essays, Books in Bottles, London, Bles, 1926. The gist of the pamphlet, presumably a piece of whimsey, is that since "sounds are nothing but Air put in Motion," ideas expressed in sound could be bottled for future use, enabling printed books to be destroyed. Ideas could be stored like wine and released with a corkscrew.
New Republic. "A Special New Republic Report on Book Burning." New Republic, 128(26):7-17, 29 June 1953. N127 §
Contains a summary of Senator McCarthy's attack on the overseas library program of the U.S. State Department, excerpts from McCarthy's questioning of James C. Conant, U.S. High Commissioner for Germany, and articles on voluntary censorship in San Antonio by Maury Maverick; St. Cloud, Minn., by Clifford Davison; and Boston by Lawrence J. Kipp.
"New Varieties of Censorship." Survey, 43:222-24, 13 December 1919. N128
Relates to the suppression of the Seattle Union Record and the arrest of its editors on charges under the Espionage Act, and the arrest of the editor of the Business Chronicle, an extreme antiunion weekly in Seattle, both actions part of the aftermath of the Armistice Day killings at Centralia, Wash.
New York (State). Legislature. Joint Committee Investigating Seditious Activities. Revolutionary Radicalism; Its History, Purpose and Tactics with an Exposition and Discussion of the Steps Being Taken and Required to Curb It . . . Albany, The Committee, 1920. 4 vols. N129
A chapter on Freedom of Speech (vol. 3) summarizes the federal and New York laws relating to espionage and criminal anarchy and cites cases tried under the acts. The Committee recommends no further legislation, believing that the New York anarchy law is adequate. The text of anarchy statutes is given for the following states and territories: Alaska, California, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and West Virginia. Volume 2 contains a section analyzing Communist propaganda in the United States, with quotations taken from newspapers and periodicals that are "either frankly revolutionary and seditious, or those which show an apologetic attitude toward all subversive movements." It is not suggested that the works should be suppressed. There is also a description (pp. 1979-89) of the activities of the American Civil Liberties Union and a reprinting of an ACLU pamphlet stating that organization's views on freedom of speech and the press.
-------. Legislature. Joint Legislative Committee to Study the Publication and Dissemination of Offensive and Obscene Material. Reports. Albany, Williams Press, 1951-date. Annual except for 1953; before 1955 called Joint Legislative Committee to Study the Publication of Comics. The reports appear in the Legislative Documents series. N130
The Committee was organized in 1949 to consider the effect of "comic books" on juvenile delinquency and to recommend appropriate legislative action. The Committee later expanded its concern to include all printed matter (including greeting cards), motion and still pictures, phonograph records, radio, and television. The Committee conducted hearings, received testimony, compiled exhibits of offending works, and, in its reports, summarizes the legislative and judicial events of the preceding year and recommends statutory changes. The 1958 report contains an article by Judge Charles S. Desmond on Free Speech and Obscenity; a report of the case of People of State of New York v. Richmond County News, relating to knowledge of a work being obscene; a report on The Scienter Requirement in Obscenity by R. Marshall Witten; the case of Charles H. Tenney, Corp. Counsel City of New York v. Liberty News Distributors; a Guide for Neighborhood Committees for Decent Literature; a report on the use of paperback books in the Buffalo Public Schools; statements of the Roman Catholic Episcopal Committee for Motion Pictures, Radio, and Television; and proposed federal legislation creating a commission on noxious and obscene matters and materials.
-------Legislature. Law Revision Committee. Report and Study Relating to Problems Involved in Conferring upon Newspapermen a Privilege which Would Legally Protect them from Divulging Sources of Information Given to Them. Albany, Williams Press, 1949. 146p. (Legislative Document 1949, no. 65-A) N131
-------Motion Picture Commission. Annual Reports, 1921-26. Albany, J. B. Lyon, 1922-27. 5 vols. (Continued by the Report of the Motion Picture Division, University of the State of New York) N132
Reports include statistical record of objectionable sections of film eliminated and for what causes. Extracts from the 1922 report, consisting of arguments for State regulation of motion pictures, are published in Rutland, State Censorship of Motion Pictures, pp. 63-68.
"New York County Lawyers' Association Conference on Fair Trial-Free Press." Bar Bulletin, New York County Lawyers'Association, 11:7-51, May 1953. N133
The entire issue is devoted to reporting on the conference, opened by Edwin M. Otterbourg, president of the Association. Participants include Simon H. Rifkind, F. A. Vallat (British practice), Arthur G. Hays, James A. Wechsler, Lloyd P. Stryker, Herbert B. Swope, Stuart N. Updike, and Sig Mickelson. A special committee was appointed to formulate a declaration of principles respecting the proper scope of public reporting on court proceedings.
New York Society for the Suppression of Vice. Annual Reports. New York, The Society, 1874-1948? From 1874 (vol. 1) to 1937 (vol. 64) the publication bore the title, Annual Report; beginning in 1938 (vol. 65) it was entitled Year Book. The name of the society was changed in 1947 to the Society to Maintain Public Decency. No record of reports found since 1948 (75th annual). N134 §
The first of the American vice societies was incorporated 16 May 1873 under New York law with the object of "enforcement of the laws for the suppression of the trade in and circulation of obscene literature and illustrations, advertisements and articles of indecent and immoral use, as it is forbidden by the laws of the State of New York or of the United States." The act of corporation required the New York city police to "aid this corporation, its members or agents, in the enforcement of all laws . . . for the suppression of the acts and offenses specified in . . . this Act." The act also permitted the Society to retain one-half of the fines collected through action of the Society. The Society was organized through the efforts of Anthony Comstock and he was for many years its secretary and guiding hand.
-------. Periodical Letter. New York, The Society, 1925-1934. Issued irregularly. 2-to 4-page printed letters. N135
Letters addressed to members and friends of the Society, each copy personally signed by John S. Sumner, the SocietyÕs secretary. The letters generally reported on special cases and developments in the Society's campaigns against indecent literature.
-------. 65th Milestone. New York, The Society, 1938. 18p. plus some unnumbered pages. N136
A brief history of the Society followed by letters of congratulation and appreciation from President Franklin D. Roosevelt, District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey, and others.
New York State Conference of Mayors and Other City Officials. Report on State Censorship of Moving Pictures. Albany, The Conference, 1930. 10p. (Reprinted in Rutland, State Censorship of Motion Pictures, pp. 95-106) N137
The Committee appointed to investigate the regulation of motion pictures reported "unalterably opposed to any form of state censorship." Among the reasons given: the principle is un-American; it is a backward step in the progress of civilization; it is fundamentally wrong to enact morals by legislation; it would be unsatisfactory to administer; it is subject to political pressure; it would retard the development of motion pictures; it is class legislation; it usurps the function of parents. Legalized censorship of films "is no less dangerous than a censorship of the press or the stage, for it places a ban on ideas."
New York University. School of Law. Annual Survey of American Law. New York, The School, 1942-date. N138
Each annual volume contains recent legislation and court cases relating to freedom of the press as a part of the section on civil rights. Since 1946 the section has been compiled by Ralph F. Bischoff.
"New Zealand Government Is Making Legislative Attempt to Ban Books Secretly." Library Journal, 88:3041, 1 September 1963 N139
New Zealand Library Association. "Report of the Censorship Committee." New Zealand Libraries, 9:189-91, November 1946. N140
This report, sent to the Prime Minister, asserts the position of the Association as "unalterably averse to the censorship of books on qualitative grounds." It recommends a tribunal which will restrict censorship to its necessary scope, give it the sanction of public opinion, and make it operate with little hardship to all concerned. Specifically, the report recommends consideration of the pattern of the Australian Literary Censorship Board, but warns of the experience with such a board in Eire. The report calls for close cooperation with similar agencies in Britain and the United States.
"New Zealand Tribunal's First Judgment." Bookseller, 3041:1526-27, 4 April 1964. N141
"The New Zealand Tribunal appointed under the Indecent Publications Act, giving its first judgment, says that five members of the Tribunal had 'no hesitation' in deciding that the novel, Another Country, by James Baldwin, was not indecent within the meaning of the Act." Includes text of findings.
[Newbolt, William]. "The Trial of William Newbolt and Edward Buttler, Printers, for High Treason, in Composing and Imagining the Death of . . . King William and Queen Mary. Now first published from the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum, circ. 1692-95." In Howell, State Trials, vol. 15, pp. 1404-8. N142 §
The offending work was The Late King James's Declaration. Both men were found guilty but there is no record of the punishment.
Newell, Martin L. The Law of Slander and Libel in Civil and Criminal Cases. 4th ed. Chicago, Callaghan, 1924. 1109p. First edition 1890. N143
Leading American treatise on slander and libel, including important British and American cases, indicating the historical development of the law.
Newell, Thomas M., and Albert Pickerell. "California's Retraction Statute: License to Libel?" Journalism Quarterly, 28:474-82, Fall 1951. N144
New gate Monthly Magazine, or Calendar of Men, Things, and Opinions. London, Richard Carlile, 1824-26. Monthly. N145
While in Newgate prison for defying the authorities in the sale of Thomas Paine's works, Carlile edited this paper and his voluntary shopmen, Campion, Hassell, and Perry, printed and distributed it. The magazine contained essays on science, technology, and especially freedom of expression. The motto on the masthead was: "Error alone needs artificial support. Truth can stand by itself."
Newman, Bruce L. "Constitutional Law: The Problem with Obscenity." Western Reserve Law Review, 11:669-79, September 1960. N146
Newman, Edwin S., ed. The Freedom Reader. New York, Oceana, 1955. 256p. (Docket Series vol. 2) N147
A collection of writings on civil liberties, including excerpts from court decisions and prominent opinion-moulders. Includes the "clear and present danger" formula of Justice Holmes (Schenck V. U.S.), Judge Woolsey's decision on obscenity in the Ulysses case, the Hannegan v. Esquire decision, the Supreme Court decision in The Miracle film censorship case (Burstyn v. Wilson), and the Supreme Court decision in the case of Winters v. New York which related to the publication of crime news. Also included is the American Civil Liberties Union statement on censorship of comic books and the Freedom to Read statement of the American Library Association and the American Book Publishers Council.
Newman, James R. "Control of Information Relating to Atomic Energy." Yale Law Journal, 56:769-802, May 1947. (Reprinted in Summers, Federal Information Controls in Peacetime, pp. 86-97) N148
We must recognize the dangers to the fundamental values of our democratic system "implicit in an uncritical policy of placing immediate security considerations before everything else." Based on material in the book, The Control of Atomic Energy, by Newman and Miller.
--------, and Byron S. Miller. The Control of Atomic Energy; a Study of the Social, Economic, and Political Implications. New York, Whittlesey, 1948. 434p. N149
Chapter 10 deals with control of information. Restriction on freedom of communications among the scientists is symptomatic of a broader assault on the freedom of ideas in the interest of national security. We must scrutinize all measures which purport to serve security purposes at the expense of individual liberty, and reject those that are not essential or well-designed to serve the intended purpose.
-------. "Freedom of Science in America." Atlantic Monthly, 180:27-32, September 1947. N150
"Secrecy. There is a present danger that American research may be stifled. In technical skill and inventiveness the United States has been pre-eminent; but for basic research in fundamental science Americans have leaned heavily on the work of German, Italian, Scandinavian, English and other foreign scientists . . . our policy of atomic secrecy shutting our scientists off from the rest of the world and from one another?"
Newman, M. W. The Smut Hunters. Los Angeles, All American Distributors, 1964. 30p. (Originally published as a series in the Chicago Daily News, starting 31 August 1964 and running through 10 September 1964) N151
A detailed account of recent book-banning in Chicago, conducted under the direction of municipal officials and with the prompting of the Citizens for Decent Literature. The scene has brought forth charges that "the harassing of reputable book dealers is worse in Chicago than in any other city in the country" and that Chicago is now the "Boston" of America. The article recites specific cases, including the action against Candy and Tropic of Cancer and gives names of those involved both in censorship and combating censorship.
Newman, Robert, and Robert Anderson. Freedom in Company Communications. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1964. 8p. (Publication no. 131) N152 §
A viewpoint on controversial Section 8(c) of the Taft-Hartley Act relating to the free flow of management-labor communications by Robert Newman, information specialist for General Electric, followed by a general explanation of the National Labor Relations Board's historic position in interpretation of this section of the act, presented by Robert Anderson, executive assistant to the general counsel of the NLRB.
"News v. Security: Excerpts from a Debate between the President [John F. Kennedy] and the Press." Columbia Journalism Review, 1:45-47, Fall 1961 N153
Quotations from President Kennedy and from newspaper editorials dealing with the issue of the press v. national security, a debate occasioned by the Cuban crisis.
Newsman, [pseud"]. The Press in the Provinces." Fortnightly, 167:350-57, May 1947. N154
A survey of the condition and ownership of the provincial press of England, with a recommendation for a study of the ownership scheme of the Manchester Guardian (ownership by private trust), so that newspapers will become "a public service and not an instrument of private power or private profit."
The Newspaper Conscience. 14 min., 5-inch phonotape. Boulder, Colo., National Tape Repository, University of Colorado. (That You May Know Series) N155
"Newspaper Law." Albany Law Journal, 19:188-89, 8 March 1879; 19:208-9, 15 March 1879; 19:228-29, 22 March 1879; and 19:248-49, 29 March 1879. N156
A lawyer observes the abuses of editorial privilege and the practical application of the law of newspaper libel as it is being interpreted by the American courts in the 1870's.
Newspaper-Radio Committee. Freedom of the Press-What It is, How It Was Obtained, How It Can Be Retained. New York, The Committee, 1942. 105p. N157
The Committee was organized for the defense of newspaper ownership of radio stations in the FCC monopoly investigations of 1941. Six witnesses testified for the Committee, citing concepts of the freedom of the press.
"Newspaper Reporting as a Political Engine." Eclectic Museum, 3:423-24, November 1843. (Reprinted from Spectator) N158
Criticizes the practice of summoning newspaper reporters as witnesses in court. While they should not be exempt from testifying, the prosecution should know that "whenever a newspaper reporter is called as a witness, injury is done to that organ of general publicity which is one efficient safeguard of peace and good government."
"Newspaper Tax." Edinburgh Review, 61:96-99, April 1835 N159
Newspaper taxes amounting to 200 per cent are supported by the large newspapers, according to the author, because they tend to keep out competitors. The newspaper tax keeps information and knowledge away from the poor who are unable to pay for higher priced papers. The article was prompted by a Petition from the Inhabitants of the City of London against the Newspaper Stamps.
"Newspapers and Private Life; a Poll of the Press." Outlook, 104:329-30, 14 June 1913 N160
Quotations from newspaper editorials on the outcome of the Theodore Roosevelt libel case. The New York Tribune believes the verdict "will warn those who think that they can safely repeat in a public way the irresponsible stories which they hear about men of prominence."
"Newspapers and the Codes." Christian Century, 50:1361-62, 1 November 1933. N161
The newspapers' opposition to the proposed NRA code as a threat to freedom of the press is a false issue. Newspapers should be free as organs of opinion to support or criticize the government as they will. As manufacturing establishments they should not enjoy special exemptions.
"Newspapers in Defense of a Free Press." Viewpoint (West Coast News Co.), 1(2):1-4, 1960. N162
Reports opinions and action taken by the press against censorship threats to the various mass media.
"Newsstands: a National Disgrace." Catholic Preview of Entertainment, 6:24-28, September 1962. N163
An attack on the pornography being sold on American newsstands
Newsweek. Club and Educational Bureau. Censorship for the Mass Audience: a Protection or a Threat? New York, The Bureau, 1953. 23p. (Platform Study Guide) N164
Newton, Virgil M. An Editor Views Bureaucracy, Part I. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1959. 4p. (Publication no. 14) N165 §
The managing editor of the Tampa Tribune and chairman of the Freedom of Information Committee of Sigma Delta Chi, discusses secrecy in government. "Over the last 25 years, an arrogant federal bureaucracy has clamped a tight vise of secrecy over all records of government at Washington.Ó
-------. An Editor Views Bureaucracy, Part II. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1959. 4p. (Publication no. 15) N166 §
A discussion of the Tampa Tribune's crusade for information about the affairs of Tampa and the State of Florida.
-------. "A Growing Threat to Democracy: Secrecy in Government." Quill, 41(9):7, 14-17, September 1953. N167
A summary of six months of work by the Freedom of Information Committee of Sigma Delta Chi.
-------. Newsman's Free Press Brief. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1963. 8p. (Publication no. 105) N168 §
Portion of the amicus curiae brief submitted by the chairman of Sigma Delta Chi's Freedom of Information Committee, in the mandamus suit of three Long Island newspapers to examine the records of the Long Island State Park Commission. After seven months, officials of the Commission bowed to the newspapersÕ demands. The brief includes historic, philosophical, and legal arguments for public access to records.
-------. The Press and Bureaucracy. Tucson, University of Arizona Press, 1961. 8p. (The John Peter Zenger Award for Freedom of the Press, number 7) N169 §
The 1960 recipient of the award was the managing editor of the Tampa Tribune, for eight years chairman of Sigma Delta Chi's Freedom of Information Committee and a vigorous crusader for freedom of the press.
Next Revolution; or, Woman's Emancipation from Sex Slavery. Valley Falls, Kan., Lucifer Publishing Co. [1890?]. 34p. N170
Contains matter on the Moses Harman obscenity case and the arrest of J. B. Caldwell, editor of Christian Life, for supporting Harman's crusade for the sex emancipation of women.
Nicholas, George. A Letter from George Nicholas, of Kentucky, to His Friend, in Virginia, Justifying Conduct of the Citizens of Kentucky, as to Some of the Late Measures of the General Government; and Correcting Certain False Statements, Which Have Been Made in the Different States, of the Views and Actions of the People of Kentucky. Lexington, Ky., Printed by James Bradford, 1798. 42p. Reprinted by James Carey, Philadelphia, 1799. 39p. N171
A defense of the Kentucky Resolutions, which were critical of the Alien and Sedition laws. Nicholas was a leading anti-Federalist who had cooperated with James Madison in the struggle for religious freedom. Nicholas' letter is answered by an anonymous writer, Observations on a Letter from George Nicholas . . .
Nicholas, H. G. "Parliament and Press." Nineteenth Century and After, 143:249-55, May 1948. N172
An account of the differences between Parliament and the press in matters of disclosures by journalists.
Nichols, Lewis. ["Customs Censorship"]. In his "In and Out of Books" column, New York Times Book Review, 10 July 1960, p. 8. N173
The author reports on his visit with the U.S. Customs censor and on his interview with Huntington Cairnes of the National Gallery of Art, who serves as literary advisor to the Customs Office.
Nicholson, Margaret. A Manual of Copyright Practice for Writers, Publishers, and Agents. 2d ed. New York, Oxford University Press, 1956. 273p. N174
Nicholson, Watson. The Struggle for a Free Stage in London. London, Constable, 1906. 475p. (Reprinted in 1966 by Benjamin Bloom, Bronx, N.Y.) N175
"The subject of this volume is the story of the long struggle to free London of the theatrical monopoly, a struggle which began almost within the lifetime of the second Charles himself, and culminated in the parliamentary act of 1843." This was the Theatre Regulation Act which deprived the two patent theaters, Drury Lane and Covent Garden, of the monopoly they had possessed for nearly two centuries.
Nicoll, De Lancey. Panama Libel Case. The United States, Plaintiff in Error v. Press Publishing Company. Writ of Error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York Sued out by the Government to Review a Judgment Quashing an Indictment Charging the Publication . . . of Alleged Libels Printed in the New York World. Argument of De Lancey Nicoll, Esquire, of Counsel for the Defendant, before the Supreme Court, Washington, October 24, 1910. [New York, 1910]. 43p. N176
Nieburg, Harold L. Nuclear Secrecy and Foreign Policy. Washington, D.C., Public Affairs, 1964. 255p. N177
This work attempts to put into a coherent whole the story of nuclear secrecy, its political, military, and diplomatic significance.
Nieman Reports. Cambridge, Mass., Society of Nieman Fellows, 1947-date. Monthly. N178 §
In addition to articles on freedom of the press, this periodical often carries news articles, editorials, and notes on the subject.
Nierman, F. K. "Propaganda and the College and University Library." News Notes, 17(2):19-21, July 1941. N179
If the library collects propaganda pamphlets they should be filed separately. The University of Texas files such material geographically by country of origin. While taking a liberal view of accepting minority opinion, the author believes that in time of crisis it may be necessary to reject some propaganda.
Nightingale, G. M. "Vulgar Postcards." Justice of the Peace, 118:5-6, January 1954. N180
Advice to local law enforcement officers on the legal authority and procedure for taking action against allegedly obscene postcards. Court decisions are cited.
Nimmer, Melville B. "The Constitutionality of Official Censorship of Motion Pictures." University of Chicago Law Review, 25:625-57, Summer 1958. N181
The article is concerned with official censorship by legally constituted authorities of state or local government, and the limitations imposed on them by the federal constitution. The study was conducted under a grant from the Fund for the Republic.
Nineteen Numbers of the Radical Reformer, and Working Man's Advocate: a Philadelphia Weekly Publication, Edited and Published by Thomas Brothers: to Which is appended; A Letter to Mr. Daniel Webster . . . Philadelphia, Coates, Printer, 1836. 208p. N182
Includes an account of William Cobbett's trial and Remarks of Benjamin Franklin on Toleration. Cited in Theodore Schroeder's Free Speech Bibliography.
"The 1964 Obscene Publications Bill Creates a New Offense." Bookseller, 3051:2168-72, 13 June 1964; 3052:2226-30, 20 June 1964; 3054:12-16, 4 July 1964; 3055:62-63, 11 July 1964; 3058:970-74, 1 August 1964. N183
The first article discusses the reasons for introduction in the House of Commons of amendments to the 1959 Act. The proponents believed the 1959 Act less effective than was intended in checking pornography with no literary merit. "The new Act created a new offence of having an obscene article of publication for gain." Mere possession with intent to sell would be actionable. The second article (20 June) carries an account of the debate in the House of Commons over right of trial by jury. The third article (4 July) continues the debate on the bill, with reference to the recent cases against Fanny Hill. The fourth article (11 July) reports the bill as passing third reading in the House. The fifth article (1 August) reports the passage of the bill by the Lords and the discussion by that body which included reference to the action against Lady Chatterley and Fanny Hill under the 1959 Act. The bill was sent back to the House of Commons without amendment.
Nissen, David R. "Freedom of Speech and Press Includes the Right to Distribute Handbills Anonymously." University of Illinois Law Forum, 1961(1):169-72, Spring 1961. N184
Relates to the Talley case, 362 U.S. 60 (1960).
Nixon, Raymond B. "Factors Related to Freedom in National Press Systems." Journalism Quarterly, 37:13-28, Winter 1960. N185 §
A comparison of press freedom in various countries as reported by the International Press Institute and UNESCO. "Utilizing new data and a new theory appearing in a recent book, the Editor of the Quarterly makes a cross-country comparison of four variables in 85 national press systems. The results indicate that socio-economic and cultural factors are closely related to the degree of freedom reported by IPI and IAPA surveys."
--------. "Problem of Newspaper Monopoly." In Schramm, Mass Communications, Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1949, pp. 158-67. N186 §
The author takes issue with Morris Ernst's belief that the government should break up concentration of ownership of the press. He points out that such a monopoly is the result of economic factors, that monopoly does not in itself insure "badness" nor independence insure Ògoodness." Many good papers are parts of chains. Nixon believes monopolies are here to stay, that there has been and will be adequate competition from other media.
-------. "Propaganda and Censorship in America's Next War."Journalism Quarterly, 16:237-44, September 1939. N187
A prediction of the laws and procedures likely to be put into effect to control attitudes and opinion in wartime.
[Nixon, Robert]. The Tryal of Robert Nixon . . . for a High Crime and Misdemeanour: In Contriving, Writing, Printing, Publishing and Blowing Up in Westminster-Hall A False, Scandalous, Seditious Libel, on Five Acts of Parliament . . . London, Printed for Ed. Cook, 1737. 10p. N188
Nixon was charged with issuing a pamphlet that criticized acts of Parliament. He was found guilty and sentenced to five years in prison, assessed a fine, and required to tour the courts bearing a hat that described his offense. Nixon refused to defend himself at the trial and prejudiced his case by literally exploding (using explosives that caused noise and fire) the offending pamphlet in Westminster Hall while the court was in session.
Nizer, Louis. New Courts of Industry: Self-Regulation under the Motion Picture Code; Including an Analysis of the Code. New York, Longacre Press, 1935. 344p. N189
The operation of the code for fair competition under the National Recovery Act, which has no relationship to the motion picture production code. The latter regulates the content of the film, the NRA code relates to economic control.
-------. "Reputation: The Libel Case of Quentin Reynolds v. Westbrook Pegler." In his My Life in Court. New York, Doubleday, 1961, pp. 17-152. (Condensed in Reader's Digest, August 1962, pp. 90-95+) N190
The story of the sensational libel suit brought by Quentin Reynolds, war correspondent and author, against newspaper columnist Westbrook Pegler. Nizer was attorney for the plaintiff. Pegler had made a venomous attack on ReynoldÕs war record, his morals, his sympathies with communism, and even his physical appearance. In the course of the trial, Pegler retracted many of his statements and others were disproved by witnesses. At one point in the trial, Nizer reported, "we counted 130 times that he said he made a mistake under oath." Pegler and his publishers were found guilty and a total of $175,000 punitive damages was assessed. Appeals to the U.S. Court of Appeals and the U.S. Supreme Court failed to reverse the decision. In his argument before the U.S. Court of Appeals, Nizer said: "Reckless attacks equivalent to character assassination have become too frequent an occurrence in personal column editorializing. Newspapers are like cannon. They must not be shot carelessly and with abandon. This case afforded an opportunity to encourage the old tradition of checking facts, and to control reckless writers who build circulation by extremism and sensationalism." Nizer reports on the John Henry Faulk blacklisting case in The Jury Returns, New York, Doubleday, 1966, pp. 225-438.
-------. "Right of Privacy: a Half Century's Developments." Michigan Law Review, 39:526-60, February 1941. N191
The right of privacy represents a struggle between the right of the individual and the right of society. "With gradual adjustment of the weight given to these forces, a balance will be achieved" between the two opposite ideals--complete privacy and complete public information.
"No Time for Comedy." Time, 39:60-62, 16 February 1942. N192
Inconsistencies of present-day censorship in the United States.
Noah, Mordecai M. Report of the Trial of an Action on the Case, Brought by Sylvanus Miller, esq., Late Surrogate of the City and County of New-York, against Mordecai M. Noah, Esq., Editor of the National Advocate, for an Alleged Libel. Tried at the City-Hall, in the City of New-York, before the Circuit Court held in the First Judicial District in the State of the New-York, by his Honour Samuel R. Betts, Esq., on Friday, the 12th day of December, 1823. By L. H. Clarke. New-York, Printed by J. W. Palmer, 1823. 72p. N193
Nobbe, George. The North Briton; a Study in Political Propaganda. New York, Columbia University Press, 1939. 274p. (Columbia University Studies in English and Comparative Literature, no. 140) N194
A study of the weekly paper of John Wilkes that in its short career of less than a year played an important role in freedom of the press in England and in establishing the responsibility of the ministers for the content of the royal speech. Wilkes and his associates "were exposed to every kind of fair and foul attack . . . His printers were threatened and intimidated when they could not be bribed. Twice he was involved in duels with government partisans." He was exiled and spent a period in jail. Nobbe has referred to original manuscript materials, and for quotations he used the 1763 edition of The North Briton which Wilkes printed on his private press.
Noble, John. "Notes on the Libel Suit of Knowles v. Douglass in the Superior Court of Judicature, 1748 and 1749." In Publications of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts, 3:213-40, March 1896. N195
The case of Commodore Charles Knowles and Dr. William Douglass.
"Noise in Public." Times Literary Supplement, 3328:1159, 9 December 1965. N196
An editorial objecting to a jury conviction in Blackburn, England, of the editor of a little magazine, Poet-meat. "It was a prosecution which once again showed the idiocy of our present laws with reference to obscene publications." See also Dust, Winter 1966.
Nokes, Gerald D. "The Future of the Blasphemy Laws." Nineteenth Century, 107:391-401, March 1930. N197
An analysis of the British law against blasphemy and recommendations for its modification or abolition.
-------. A History of the Crime of Blasphemy. London, Sweet & Maxwell, 1928. 178p. N198
A documented study of the development of the laws of blasphemy, both common and statutory, with particular reference to England. The appendix contains tables of prosecutions for blasphemy, from 1617 to 1922, giving the nature of the offense, name of the court, verdict, and sentence.
Nolan, Michael S. "Constitutional Law: Obscenity Censorship in Wisconsin." Marquette Law Review, 47:275-81, Fall 1963. N199
Relates to McCauley v. Tropic of Cancer, 20 Wis. 2d 134, 121 N.W. 2d 545 (1963).
["Nomination for Literary Heroine of the Month"]. In "Talk of the Town" column, New Yorker, 37(26):17, 12 August 1961. N200
Comments on the vigilante action of Miss Katherine McCardle of Glasgow, who, disapproving of a window display of copies of Lady Chatterley's Lover, painted the window black, and was jailed: "If books have the right to paint people black, people should have the right to paint books black . . . Censorship, whether in the form of banning, burning or blacking, pays books the high compliment of taking them seriously . . . More anti-intellectual than censorship is its apathetic absence. So paint on, Miss McC. You are on the wrong side, but of the right fence."
"Non-Criminal Obscenity Regulation and Freedom of Expression." Washington University Law Quarterly, 1962:474-514, December 1962. N201
Notes: Obscenity Debate, Circa 1962; Constitutional Setting; Form and the Effect of the Test; Criminal Enforcement Techniques; Prior Restraint; Search and Seizure; Marcus v. Search Warrant; Problem in Louisiana and California; Search and Seizure as a Prior Restraint; and Postal Department (Marcus standards).
Noordenbos, O. "Verboden Boeken." Bibliotheekleven, 18:174-93, October 1933. N202
A brief survey of the history of censorship in various countries of Europe including English censorship from the time of the first secular index by Henry VIII in 1526 to the repeal of the licensing law in 1695.
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