Go back to Table of Contents
Kilpatrick, James J. Smut Peddlers. New York, Doubleday, 1960. 323p. K102
A documented study of today's obscenity racket and the operation of the law of obscenity censorship. The author, editor of the Richmond News Leader, attempts to find a middle group between the need to suppress harmful pornography on the one hand and the need to protect freedom of legitimate sex expression on the other. Table of cases, pp. 295-306. Exchange of comments on the book between the author and R. B. Downs appear in Library Journal, 1 June 1961 and August 1961. The book is reviewed by Godfrey Harrison in the March 1961 issue of Books and Bookmen.
Kilpatrick, James J., and Robert B. Downs. "Censorship Debate." Library Journal, 86:2580-82, August 1961. K103
In a letter to the editor Kilpatrick charges Downs, dean of library administration, University of Illinois, with resorting to "every contemptible trick of the polemicist" in the unfavorable review of his book, Smut Peddlers (Library Journal, 1 June 1961). Downs responds by accusing Kilpatrick of "suffering from a split personality on the question of censorship . . . Conscientiously attempting to weigh all the pros and cons of censorship he falls between two stools and fails to present a convincing case for either side." Accompanying the "debate" is an illustration of the Post Office Department's smutmobile," displaying books by Margaret Mead and D. H. Lawrence along with "girlie" and "true romance" magazines.
[Kimball, Edmund]. Reflections upon the Law of Libel, in a letter addressed to "A Member of the Suffolk Bar." By a Citizen. Boston, Wells and Lilly, 1823. 55p. K104
Written in defense of Judge Josiah Quincy's decision in Commonwealth v. Buckingham and in reply to H. G. Otis' Letter to Hon. Josiah Quincy . . . on the Law of Libel . . . Kimball explores British common law on libel and reviews major British and American cases. "The question is not whether the licentiousness of the press be an evil, but whether this evil is of equal magnitude with that which would ensue from a tyrannical restraint." An arbitrary, corrupt, or weak government, Kimball argues, cannot long resist criticism from the press. A good government will not fear it. The author does not agree with contemporary critics who charge that libels have multiplied with increased press freedom. The fear of a critical press keeps many officials honest who might not be honest from principle.
Kimball, Reginald S. "Stamping Out the Weeds of Literature." Educational Review, 73:112-16, February 1927. K105
While deploring the rise of "gutter literature" in this country, the author feels that promotion of good literature is a better answer than attempts at suppression of the bad.
Kinchen, Robert P. "Everyone Knows His Name--Now!" Top of the News, 20:289-91, May 1964. K106
A discussion of the books of James Baldwin and their place in the young-adult literary world. Professional librarians should know Baldwin well, recommend his books in appropriate circumstances, and inform young readers of some of his literary limitations. "But to deny Baldwin on the basis of controversy is to deny education."
King, Cecil H. "Subtle Censorship Is Shackling Britain's Press." In Great Britain. General Council of the Press. The Press and The People. London, 1962, pp. 11-15. K107 §
A British publisher declares that the British press "is so hedged about by legal restrictions and penalities that it can no longer be called free." We only have freedom when what we say is ineffective or unheeded. The British press is censored "by the arbitrary operation of a series of loosely drawn laws which make it hazardous in the extreme for newspapers to comment or even report on a number of issues of vital public importance." He refers to the restrictions imposed by the law of contempt of court, the Official Secrets Acts, the law against libel, and the law of parliamentary privilege.
King, Frank N., Jr. "Right to Inspect Public Records." Kentucky Law Journal, 49:597-600, Summer 1961. K108
Relates to the denial of a petition by the Courier Journal and the Louisville Times Co. for the right to inspect shorthand notes of a statement made by a murder defendant in the privacy of the judge's chambers.
King, John. A Decade in the History of Newspaper Libel. A Paper read at the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Press Association held at Ottawa, March 6th-7th, 1892. . . . Woodstock, Ont., Sentinel-Review, 1892. 50p. K109
Many changes in the law of libel have been the result of changes in public sentiment over the years, without legislative action. Other changes, especially in Canada and its Provinces, have been due to direct intervention of the legislatures, Dominion or Provincial. These last have been brought about by the press association. The decade covered is that immediately following the Newspaper Libel Act of 1882 in Ontario.
-------. The Law of Criminal Libel. A Treatise on Libel as a Criminal Offense . . . at Common Law and under the Canadian Criminal Code. Toronto, Carswell, 1912. 400p. K110
-------. The Law of Defamation in Canada. A Treatise on the Statutes of the Canadian Provinces Concerning Slander and Libel . . . Toronto, Carswell, 1907. 896p. K111
-------. "The Newspaper Press and the Law of Libel." Canadian Monthly, 8:394-405, November 1875. K112
A general review of the English and Canadian libel laws including the 1874 law of the Dominion of Canada which had recently been enacted.
King, Joseph A. Birchers Try to Burn a Dictionary. Visalia, Calif., The Author, 1963. l0p. mimeo. K113 §
After California's Superintendent of Public Instruction urged the removal of the Dictionary of American Slang from school library shelves because it contained certain four-letter words, a group of Tulare County citizens, with the aid of a John Birch Society organizer, formed a committee to remove the book from the county library. At a heated public hearing on the matter the librarian, the author of this article (an instructor at the local college), and several others defended the book against obscenity charges made by committee members, the John Birch organizer, local ministers, etc. The Board of Supervisors gave the librarian a unanimous vote of confidence. King describes the accusations and personal threats made against him by members of the committee. "I had a kind of Hate directed at me that I have never experienced before."
-------. "Books and Banners: A Case History." Saturday Review, 46(45):28-29, 66, 9 November 1963. K114
An English instructor at the College of Sequoias describes a rightist effort in Tulare County, Calif., to ban the Dictionary of American Slang.
King, Judson. Freedom of Thought and the Censorship. Washington, D.C., National Popular Government League, 1930. 5p. mimeo. (Bulletin no. 132) K115
Favorable review of Senator Bronson Cutting's speech against the amendment to Section 305 of the Tariff Act. Quotes from his speech with references to the U.S. Customs ban on Aristophanes and legitimate medical and scientific works.
-------. Shall the Censorship Be Made Absolute? Washington, D.C., National Popular Government League, 1929. 4p. mimeo. (Bulletin no. 128) K116
Opposition to a proposed amendment to the tariff law to prohibit seditious literature. Includes letter from Zechariah Chafee who calls the amendment "an effective censorship over (all) foreign literature" which gives the Customs Office the duty of deciding what our universities and libraries shall import. "The Law is a kindergarten measure." Reference is made to Customs Office action against Candide.
King, Stoddard. "The Writer and the Asterisk." In his What the Queen Said and Further Facetious Fragments. New York, Doran, 1926, pp. 21-22. K117
"A writer owned an Asterisk,
And kept it in his den,
Where he wrote tales (which had large sales)
Of frail and erring men;
And always, when he reached the point
Where carping censors lurk,
He called upon the Asterisk
To do his dirty work."
Kingdom, Frank. "Literature and Sex." In The Encyclopedia of Sexual Behavior, edited by Albert Ellis and A. Abarbanel. New York, Hawthorn Books, 1961 vol. 2, pp. 631-40. K118
Kingston, Gertrude. "How Came We to Be Censored by the State." Nineteenth Century, 64:1003-49, December 1908; 65:504-20, March 1909. K119
An historical review of stage censorship in England. The author calls the English theater the Cinderella of the arts. "No State-ridden art will ever flourish, whether the stage be dictated by a sovereign emancipated from the thraldom of the Puritan, or by a State given back to the tyranny of the proletariat." If the stage takes too much liberty and ridicules the sacred, the public can show its displeasure by staying away. The dramatic author is oppressed by a narrow tyranny of time-honoured prejudices" and "finds himself merely in a position of a nursery-governess amusing a kindergarten pupil. Not Shakespeare nor Goethe nor Cervantes could have turned their lays or sung their songs under such conditions as these."
Kinsley, Philip H. Liberty and the Press; a History of the Chicago Tribune's Fight to Preserve a Free Press for the American People. Chicago, The Chicago Tribune, 1944. 99p. K120
A Tribunereporter recounts his newspaper's record in defending the freedom of the press in such cases as the Henry Ford libel suit (1919), the libel suit of the City of Chicago (1920), the Minnesota gag law case (1928), prosecutions under the New Deal, and the Associated Press membership case (1943).
Kintner, Earl W. "1961-Armageddon for Advertising?" Printers' Ink, 275(11):21-26, 16 June 1961. K121
A former FTC chairman "documents the case for self-regulation of advertising and against more federal power."
Kipp, Lawrence J. "Boston-The Library Did Not Burn." New Republic, 128(26):15-16, 29 June 1953. K122
The Boston Post accused the Boston Public Library of having Communist publications. "We believe," an editorial stated, "that pro-Soviet literature should be suppressed in our public libraries." The librarian, backed by a majority of the library board, rejected the censorship role of the library. Strong support of the library came from three other Boston papers, the Herald, the Christian Science Monitor, and the Pilot, a Catholic diocesan paper.
-------. "Report from Boston." Library Journal, 77:1843-46+, 1 November 1952. K123
An account of an attack spearheaded by the Boston Post against the public library for buying and having literature of a pro-Communist nature in the library. City and library officials who agreed with the Post brought charges before the library trustees and City Council. Trustees, by a vote of 3 to 2, adopted two resolutions-the first to the effect that all points of view concerning the problems and issues of our times shall be available to the public, and the second to the effect that the director shall effect arrangement of any Communist propaganda material to prevent abuse or misuse. An editorial entitled Strong in the Faith, commending the action of the trustees appears in Library Journalfor 15 November 1952.
Kirby, Ethyn W. William Prynne. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1931. 228p. K124
Prynne was one of the most prolific and zealous of the Puritan pamphleteers of the seventeenth century, best known for his willingness to suffer torture and imprisonment for the right to express himself in print. For his criticism of the English stage in Histrio-Mastix (1633), a work interpreted as casting aspersions on the king and queen, Prynne was imprisoned and shorn of his ears.
Kirby, Sidney. "Question of Censorship." Library World, 14:257-59, March 1912. K125
The public librarian needs the shield of a selection committee behind which he may find safe shelter in matters of book selection and censorship.
Kirchwey, George W. A Survey of the Workings qf the Criminal Syndicalism Law of California. Los Angeles, California Committee, American Civil Liberties Union, 1926. 47p. K126
Kirgo, George. "The Name is Chatterley-and I'm no Lady; How to Write a Banned Best Seller." In his How to Write Ten Different Best Sellers Now-in Tour Spare Time . . . New York, Simon and Schuster, 1960, pp. 144-155. K127
An hilarious account of how to write a book that will be banned by the Postmaster General and hence become a best seller.
Kirk, Russell. "Censorship." In Collier's Encyclopedia. New York, P. F. Collier, 1960. vol. 4, pp. 518-21. K128
The article traces the history of censorship from Roman days to the present, with emphasis on censorship of church and state. "In the twentieth century, the recrudescence of state censorship appears to coincide with the ominous extension of private censorship, or the suppression of opinion by conscious or unconscious conspiracy of silence among persons substantially in control of publishing and publicizing." A coterie in one or two cities controls opinion in accordance with the current fad or ideology of their "charmed circle of cognoscenti," which is often in sharp variance with views of the majority. The author notes that no society has long existed without some form of censorship and that persons who advocate that nothing be censored "may come to find themselves saddled with a state censorship more inflexible than anything they ever dreamt of."
-------. "War against Good Books." National Review, 14:407, 21 May 1963. K129
Account of efforts in high schools throughout America to remove such books as Scarlet Letter, Huckleberry Finn, Bell for Adano, War and Peace, and Brave New World, and replace them with inane literature.
Kirkendall, Lester A. "Obscenity and the U.S. Supreme Court." Sexology, 32:242-45, November 1965. K130 §
The difficulty of arriving at a standard definition of pornography.
-------. and Richard D. Railton. "The Law and Dissemination of Sex Information." In Ralph Slovenko, Sexual Behavior and The Law. Springfield, Ill., Thomas, 1965, pp. 807-28. K131
Kirkpatrick, Evron M. National Regulation of False and Misleading Advertising. New Haven, Conn., Yale University, 1939. (Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation) K132
Kirkpatrick, William S. "Showing German Editors a Free Press at Work." Journalism Quarterly, 26:29-36, March 1949. K133
Comments on a seminar for German editors and publishers, given at the School of Journalism, Columbia University.
Kirkus, Virginia. "Books and Your Thinking." Louisiana Library Association Bulletin, 14:68-73, Summer 1951. K134
A discussion of controversial books as reviewed by the author's commercial reviewing service and others. She discusses criticisms of reviews and reviewers, the refusal to buy, the refusal to review in the press, and attacks upon libraries and bookstores for stocking certain books.
Kirsch, Robert R. "California Blue Pencil Brigade." In The Smut Hunters. Los Angeles, All America Distributors Corp., 1964. 4p. (Originally published in the Los Angeles Times, 22 November 1964) K135
"Prominent book reviewer reports his experience at Visalia, California trial, actions of Charles H. Keating, Jr., [Citizens for Decent Literature] and warns that the act of separating obscenity from constitutionally protected expression may be purchased at too great a price-especially where censorship groups demonstrate contempt for the laws which guarantee that freedom."
-------. "Custodians, Eunuchs, and Lovers." Wilson Library Bulletin, 39:647-50, April 1965. K136
"By the very nature of the public library and the democratic system, which sponsors it," writes the literary editor of the Los Angeles Times, "the library finds itself, now more than ever, in the center of ferment, quarrel, and argument . . . It is not the responsibility of librarians to avoid controversy, but rather to deal with it in ways compatible with professional standards, training, and a firm commitment to the freedom to read." The author traces the historic role of the public librarian, first as "gentle custodian" of a harmless collection of books; then, as the potency of books was recognized, as a "gentle eunuch," unharmed by the dangerous contents of books; and, finally, as a book-lover and passionate defender of reading "confronted by a literate and sophisticated group of individuals who are products of our schools and who cannot be shrugged off." The librarian needs to communicate the love of books and the love of freedom to the largest possible segment of the community, to help to educate the community to a cultural understanding of books, and, since freedom is indivisible, to defend intellectual freedom wherever it is under assault.
-------. "Obscenity-U.S. Style." ALA Bulletin 58:269-72, April 1964. (Reprinted from the Los Angeles Times, 12 January 1964) K137
An account of the prosecution in Grand Rapids, Mich., of 8 paperback books, one of which was declared obscene (Sex Life of a Cop). The defendants were given a total of 15 years in prison (3 consecutive 5-year terms) and fined $69,000. An account of the amazing background of the case involving book raids in Fresno and Burbank, Calif, and a decision of the California Supreme Court in which the author testified for the defense. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed the conviction. Stanley Fleishman discusses the case in an introduction to the 1967 edition of the book.
Kitchin, George. Sir Roger L'Estrange. A Contribution to the History of the Press in the Seventeenth Century. London, Kegan Paul, 1913. 440p. K138
During the English Restoration L'Estrange served as the powerful and often ruthless Surveyor of the Press (1663-80), acting as official publisher for the government, sole licenser of printing, and censor. He was responsible for the searches, arrests, and prosecution of numerous printers and publishers, taking over many of the duties of the Stationers' Company. The printer John Twyn was hanged, drawn, and quartered in 1664 under the persecution of L'Estrange.
Kittredge, Daniel W. All the World Loves a Quarrel; an Introduction to One by D. W. Kittredge. Cincinnati, Marwick, 1911. 92p. K139
The quarrel between St. Loe Strachey, the editor of the London Spectator,and Austin Harrison, the editor of the English Review, sometimes called "The Great Adult Review." TheSpectator attacked the English Reviewfor its objectionable articles, one of which was by Frank Harris recommending freer sexual morals-"a little excess in youth in the gratification of natural desire [said Harris] is less harmfull than the abstinence generally recommended in England." A distinguished group of 50 literary figures including Hardy, Shaw, Bennett, Wells, Galsworthy, Walpole, Yeats, and Lawrence, some of whom admitted being shocked by Harris' sentiments, came to the defense of the English Review in a signed statement, reprinted on pp. 89-90. "Its suppression can be justified only by arguments which would justify the suppression of every organ of advanced or reactionary thought in Europe, and could easily be pushed for party or sectarian purpose to the destruction of the liberty of the press . . . We feel bound to protest against the attempt to annul the compact of tolerance upon which the maintenance of the highest literature and the best journalism depends for its very existence."
[Klafter, Samuel]. "Education Law-Censorship of Motion Pictures-N.Y. Licensing Statute-Indecency." Albany Law Review, 22:186-91, January 1958. K140
A discussion of the legal status of moving picture licensing that arose out of the case of Excelsior Pictures Corp. v. Regents of the State of New Tork and the motion picture, Garden of Eden.
Klapper, Joseph T. The Effects of Mass Communication. Glencoe, Ill., Free Press, 1960. 302p. K141
Part 2 deals with the effects of specific types of media material-crime and violence, escapist media, adult TV fare-on child audiences and the conclusions which bear on the need for social controls.
Klee, Bruce B. "Woolcott v. Shubert: Dramatic Criticism on Trial." Educational Theatre Journal, 13:264-68, December 1961. K142
An account of the dispute and legal contest in 1915 between the New York Timesdrama critic, Alexander Woolcott, and the Shubert brothers, theatrical producers. The stand taken by Woolcott and the Times "helped to establish independent criticism as a norm from which it has become increasingly less desirable or necessary to deviate."
Klieneberger, H. R. "Librarianship and Humanism." Library World, 56:119-24, February 1955. K143
If the librarian is to select books that will lead to a broad cultural background some form of censorship is necessary. The public library can improve the cultural level of its readers and save funds for more worthy use by rejecting cheap fiction.
Klopfer, Donald S. "Our Common Stake in Free Communication: Book Publishing." In Freedom of Communication; Proceedings of the First Conference on Intellectual Freedom . . . Chicago, American Library Association, 1954, pp. 102-7. K144 §
Klotz, Johann C. De Libris Auctoribus Suis Fatalibus Liber Singularis. Leipzig, Langenheim, 1768. 205p. K145
An early account of censored, prohibited, and burned books, including references to such English figures as John Toland, George Buchanan, John Selden, Edmund Richards, and Thomas Woolston.
Klotzer, Charles L. "Censorship or Editing?" Focus/Midwest, 1(5):10-14, October 1962. K146
A column entitled Freedom Forum is censored because a State Chamber of Commerce official thinks "it might hurt some of our friends." The young reporter resigned rather than submit to the blue-penciling of his column by the general manager of the Missouri Press Association. The column reported on plans for holding a Freedom Forum at the Missouri Military Academy under the auspices of "the aberrant National Education Program of Searcy, Ark." The author raises the question whether the column was "censored" to accommodate rightist pressures or only "edited."
[Kneeland, Abner]. An Appeal to Common Sense and the Constitution, in behalf of the Unlimited Freedom of Public Discussion: Occasioned by the late trial of Rev. Abner Kneeland, for Blasphemy. Boston, 1834. 14p. K147
"Is it consistent with common sense, or the principles of our republican constitution, to repress the expressions of opinion, however false or absurd those opinions may be, or to shackle the liberty of discussion, however that liberty may be perverted to the support of false doctrines?" While most would agree that fair argument and sober discussion should be unshackled, many object to permitting ridicule of sacred truths. "If we deprive an opponent of the privilege of ridicule, we strip him of one of the sharpest weapons of controversy . . . Ridicule is one of the means essential to a free discussion of any topic." The author denounces the confusion in thinking that associates two such dissimilar offenses as blasphemy and obscenity into a compound crime. As to the Massachusetts Bill of Rights, when it says "that no man shall be molested for his religious sentiments, he certainly must be allowed not only to choose his creed among such as may offer, but likewise to reject the whole." The anonymous author hopes the Kneeland case will result in the repeal of the blasphemy laws which are antiquated and unconstitutional.
-------. An Introduction to the Defence of Abner Kneeland, charged with Blasphemy; before the Municipal Court, in Boston, Mass., at the January Term, in 1834. Boston, Printed for the Publisher, 1834. 43p. K148
While awaiting trial Kneeland wrote this defense in which he objects to the lifting of passages from their context in order to sustain a charge of blasphemy. The offending passage which questioned the virility of Jesus, was a reference from Voltaire, appearing in an essay by Ben Krapac of Mobile, Ala. Kneeland had republished three of Krapac's essays (originally appearing in the New York Free Inquirer) in his own Boston Investigator, he stated, without reading them in their entirety. He admits to an offense against good taste. He reprints the three essays in this pamphlet written prior to the first trial, with explanatory footnotes, using Greek to conceal the objectionable word. Kneeland was convicted in Municipal Court and the case appealed to the Massachusetts Supreme Court. The speech of the defense attorney, Andrew Dunlap, was issued separately and is entered in this bibliography under his name.
[-------]. Report of the Arguments of the Attorney of the Commonwealth, at the Trials of Abner Kneeland, for Blasphemy, in the Municipal and Supreme Courts, in Boston, January and May, 1834. Boston, Printed by Beals, Homer, 1834. 93p. (Collected and published at the request of some Christians of various denominations) K149
"Some friends of religion and law thought it might be useful to the cause of truth, to obtain the views and arguments of the prosecuting officer as expressed at the trials, and place them before the public with accuracy and authenticity." This compilation, issued by those opposed to Kneeland, appeared following the first trial before the Massachusetts Supreme Court in which the jury could not agree. Quotations from the arguments of the Attorney of the Commonwealth are reproduced in McCormick, Versions of Censorship, pp. 167-70, under the heading, Corruption of the Poor and Unlearned by Certain Opinions. The gist of the argument was that the press is free to express opinions provided they do not offend the beliefs of others; that the crime of blasphemy is aggravated when it is conveyed in a newspaper "easily circulated, soon read, and finding its way to the poor and unlearned, to those who have not learning nor leisure enough to consider and refute its falsehoods." The Courts should act as "moral Boards of Health" to denounce and restrain blasphemy and obscenity.
[-------]. A Review of the Prosecution against Abner Kneeland, for Blasphemy. By a Cosmopolite. Boston, 1835. 32p. K150
A spirited defense of Kneeland and an appeal for the preservation of a free press, an issue involved in the Kneeland trial. "We enter the investigation . . . to rescue that important instrument [the Constitution of Massachusetts], which our fathers left for an inheritance, from the ruthless grasp of blind fanaticism, prowling ignorance, canting hypocrisy and judicial usurpation." The author quotes from the testimony and charge of the judges in the several trials and pays tribute to the dissenting juror, Mr. Greene, and the defense attorney, Mr. Dunlap.
-------. Review of the Trial, Conviction and Final Imprisonment in the Common Jail of the County of Suffolk, of A. K., for the Alleged Crime of Blasphemy; Written by Himself Boston, George A. Chapman, 1838. 132p. K151
This account was written by Kneeland while serving his 60-day jail sentence.
[-------]. Sketches of Arguments of Attorney of the Commonwealth, at Trials for Blasphemy, Municipal and Supreme Court. Boston, 1834. 32p. K152
-------. Speech of Abner Kneeland, Delivered before the Full Bench of Judges of the Supreme Court, in His Own Defence, for the Alleged Crime of Blasphemy. Law term, March 8, 1836. Boston, J. Q. Adams, 1836. 44p. K153
Following Kneeland's conviction by the Massachusetts Supreme Court in November 1835, the case was appealed to a full bench of the judges, with Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw, presiding. Kneeland's attorney at earlier trials, Andrew Dunlap, having died, the defendant pleaded his own case. The earlier decision was upheld, with Chief Justice Shaw holding that the blasphemy law was constitutional and that the defendant had violated it. Mr. Justice Marcus Morton dissented, arguing that a work must not only be blasphemous but must have malicious intent to be liable and there was no evidence of the latter. Kneeland prefaces the report with a brief review of the November 1835 trial in which he had been found guilty; this includes a statement on the freedom to discuss religion taken from the opinion of Judge Jay of New York and delivered before the Grand Jury of West Chester County.
[-------]. Speech of Abner Kneeland, Delivered before the Supreme Court of the City of Boston, in His Own Defence, on an Indictment for Blasphemy. November Term, 1834. Boston, J. Q. Adams, 1834. 32p. K154
This was Kneeland's third trial for blasphemy and the second before the Massachusetts Supreme Court. This trial, as in the case of the earlier one, ended in disagreement by the jury. S. D. Parker was the prosecutor; Andrew Dunlap, the defense attorney.
[-------]. "The Trial of Abner Kneeland for Blasphemy, Boston, 1835." In American State Trials, vol. 13, pp. 450-75. K155
A summary and analysis of the Kneeland blasphemy case by Henry S. Commager appears in the March 1935 issue of New England Quarterly.
Knepper, Max. "Don't Chain the Movies!" Forum, 108:265-69, November 1947. K156
The answer to undesirable movies lies in audience control rather than production interference. The author charges that the more vocal censorship enthusiasts are using the juvenile delinquency charge as a means to an end-"to mould public thought in line with their own dogmas."
-------. "Is Hollywood Growing Up?" Forum, 105:880-85, June 1946; 106:21-27, July 1946. K157
A survey of the movie industry published in two parts. The first article deals mainly with the movies as a commercial enterprise, the second with the cultural status of motion pictures, including a discussion of censorship and the operation of the Production Code Administration. "There is sound argument for the premise that censorship-if the evil must be supported-should be at the exhibiting rather than producing end."
Knight, Arthur. "Who's to Classify?" Saturday Review, 49(9):42, 62, 26 February 1966. K158
Awards recently made to adult movies by both Catholic (National Catholic Office for Motion Pictures) and Protestant (Broadcast and Film Commission of the Federal Council of Churches) groups suggest that the movie industry should make an attempt to unite such enlightened leadership in formulating an effective classification system. Such a system would be preferable to the censorship by police and pressure groups now taking place with the liberalization of legal controls.
Knight, John S. "Censorship as Viewed from London." In Problems of Journalism; Proceedings of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, 1944. Washington, D.C., ASNE, 1944, pp. 94-103. K159
The working of wartime censorship in England as observed by the head of an American newspaper chain.
-------. "World Freedom of Information." Vital Speeches, 12:472-77, 15 May 1946. K160
The president of the American Society of Newspaper Publishers opposes any plan for creation of a permanent international communications agency, as only encouraging censorship. Newspaper press associations should be independent of government.
Knight, Mary. "Secret War of Censors v. Spies." Reader's Digest, 48:79-83, March 1946. (Condensed from the Washington Post, 3 February 1946) K161
How American censorship checkmated scores of dangerous Japanese and German agents during World War II, is told by wartime censor.
Kniskern, Maynard. "Are Basic Communist Works a Menace in Public Libraries-and If So, to Whom?" Idaho Librarian, 5(4):29-31, October 1953. (Reprinted from ALA Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom, January 1953) K162 §
"Communists are never made in libraries; they are made in slums, gutters, dark alleyways, and dingy meeting halls . . . Now such individuals are almost never confirmed in their course by reading books; and anyhow, if they ever do get around to pursuing `basic' communist works it is only after the damage has been done. Normally, however, such people read only crudely-written pamphlets produced specifically for them-stuff that is far too low-grade to be accorded a place in any library.
Knowles, Dorothy. The Censor, the Drama and the Film, 1900-1934. London, Allen and Unwin, 1934. 294p. K163
After a brief history of drama censorship in England, the author considers the growing case against the censor that came to a head in 1909 with the banning of Shaw's The Shewing up of Blanco Posnetand the appointment of the Select Committee of Parliament. The author discusses the continuation of censorship following the investigation and during the decade after World War I. Part 2 of the volume deals with censorship of films in Great Britain, beginning with the Cinematograph Act of 1909 and the work of the Board of Film Censors, "a body appointed by the trade in self-defence against the public." Sex rather than excessive violence was the concern of the censor in the various films studied by the author. In a preface, Hubert Griffith reminisces on some of the plays that the censor deprived him of seeing during his 12 years as a drama critic. Contains a comprehensive bibliography on British censorship of drama and films.
Knowles, Freeman T. Our Press Censorship: The Case of Freeman Knowles of the Lantern. Deadwood, S. D., The Author, 1908. 16p. K164
Knowles was convicted and fined $500 in federal court for sending "lewd, obscene and lascivious matter through the mail." The charge was based on an article in Knowles's paper, the Lantern, 30 May 1907, which dealt with the case of an unnamed local girl who died from an abortion. Knowles attacked society for contributing to the shame of unmarried motherhood. Eugene V. Debs, in a letter to Knowles suggests the real reason for the prosecution was Knowles's socialist views and his criticism of President Theodore Roosevelt. Knowles served a jail sentence rather than pay the fine. Comments on the editor's conviction appear in the 28 May and 8 July 1908 issues of Lanterr.
Knowlton, Charles. Fruits of Philosophy or the Private Companion of Adult People. Edited with an Introductory Notice by Norman E. Himes . . . with Medical Emendations by Robert Latou Dickinson . . . Mount Vernon, N.Y., Peter Pauper, 1937. 107p. (Edition limited to 450 copies) K165
"This little book, first published anonymously in New York in 1832, by an obscure, western Massachusetts physician, has done much to revolutionize the sexual habits of the English speaking world . . . It has intrinsic merit as well as historical importance. The Fruits of Philosophyis the most important treatise on birth control technique for seventeen centuries." In the introduction Professor Himes discusses the significance of the work and traces efforts at suppressing it in the United States and Great Britain. Knowlton bears the historical distinction of being the first man in birth control history to go to jail for his opinions. No sooner was Knowlton released from the Cambridge, Mass., jail in 1833, than Abner Kneeland, editor of the Boston Investigator, defied Boston authorities by issuing an edition of the Knowlton work, with an appendix that had been written by Knowlton during his incarceration. More than 40 years later (1877-78) Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant were brought to trial in England for republishing the work.
-------. Two Remarkable Lectures Delivered in Boston, by Dr. C. Knowlton, on the Day of His Leaving the Jail at East Cambridge, March 31, 1833, Where He Had Been Imprisoned, for Publishing a Book. Boston, A. Kneeland, 1833. K166
Knowlton's pamphlet on birth control, Fruits of Philosophy; or the Private Companion of Young Married People, was a temperate and serious discussion by a respected physician, first published in New York in 1832 and reprinted the following year in Boston by Abner Kneeland. Although Massachusetts did not yet have a law banning contraceptive information (the first act was in 1847) there was strong sentiment against publicizing such information as being offensive to common decency. Knowlton was fined in Taunton, Mass., for the sale of the New York edition; in Cambridge he was sentenced to three months at hard labor; he was arrested again in Greenfield, Mass.
"Knox's Censorship." Time, 37(25):41-42, 23 June 1941; 37(11):45-46, 15 September 1941. K167
Navy censorship rules as interpreted by Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox and criticism of them by the press.
Knudson, Marie. "Sense of Censorship." Minnesota Libraries, 17:213-15, September 1953. (Reprinted in Illinois Libraries, May 1966) K168 §
The author examines the kinds of pressures on librarians to buy or not to buy books-the man who knows the truth and anything which does not agree with his ideas of the truth is objectionable; the do-gooder; the liberal and the conservative who insist on their books being represented; the gift bringer; and the persons who demand a closed shelf "If a book is worthy of being in the library, it is worthy of standing in its rightful place on the shelf."
Knudson, Theodore S. "Apparent Conflict between Free Press and Free Trial Comes in Focus Again." Hennepin Lawyer, 23:67-72, February 1955. K169
Special references to the case of Donald Lyng in Minneapolis and the Jelke case in New York. Judge Knudson recommends strengthening Canon 20 of the American Bar Association.
Knutson, Andie L. "The Commission Versus the Press." Public Opinion Quarterly, 12:130-35, Spring 1948. K170
A social psychologist reviews the report of the Commission on Freedom of the Press, taking issue with some of the unfavorable press reviews of the report.
Koch, Adrienne, and Harry Ammon. "The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: An Episode in Jefferson's and Madison's Defense of Civil Liberties." William and Mary Quarterly, 5(3rd ser.):145-6, April 1948. K171
The authors analyze the historic manifestos drawn by Jefferson and Madison which advanced the theory of States' Rights as a practical and spirited means of protecting the civil rights of individuals. The resolutions were in answer to the passage by Congress in 1798 of the Alien and Sedition Acts, which represented to Jefferson a negation of one of the principles he held most sacred: "To preserve the freedom of the human mind then and the freedom of the press [he wrote to William Green Munford, 18 June 1799] every spirit should be ready to devote itself to martyrdom; for as long as we may think as we will, and speak as we think the condition of man will proceed in improvement."
Koch, Theodore W. "British Censorship and Enemy Publications." Library Journal, 42:697-705, September 1917. K172
The work of the British censors in World War I whose aim was to examine and send on as rapidly as possible everything that did not contain information of value to the enemy.
-------. War Libraries and Allied Studies. New York, Stechert, 1918. 287p. K173
Includes references to British censorship and treatment of enemy publications.
Koenig, Harry C. "Forbidden Books in a High School Library. Catholic Library World, 17:109-11+, January 1946. K174
-------. "What Is an Imprimatur?" Library Journal, 75:1358-61, 1 September 1950. K175
The librarian of St. Mary of the Lake Seminary explains the purpose of the imprimatur (it may be printed) found in the books written by Catholic authors which concern faith or morals. "The purpose of censorship in the Catholic Church is not to keep people ignorant but to preserve them from error.
Koenigil, Mark. Movies in Society (Sex, Crime and Censorship). New York, Robert Speller, 1962. 214p. K176
A member of the Brazilian Motion Picture Congressional Commission presents a rambling account of the foreign film industry and the effect of films on the morals of the viewers, particularly children and adolescents. His own point of view, expressed briefly in the epilogue, is that some form of censorship is necessary to protect the people against the depravity of greedy producers who thrive on the exploitation of human weaknesses. He recommends the establishment by UNESCO of "an international censorship advisory council to help member nations control, on an enlightened basis, the public exhibition of obscenity, depravity and other antisocial manifestations." Appendix III deals with Censorship of Motion Pictures in the U. S. A.
Koether, George. Free Market and Free Press. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1960. 5p. (Publication no. 31) K177 §
A steel company public relations man considers freedom of the press in the sense of freedom of the ownership and use of property.
Konecky, Eugene. The American Communications Conspiracy in Standard Broadcasting, Frequency Modulation, Television, Facsimile, Shortwave, Newspaper. New York, Peoples Radio Foundation, 1948. 168p. K178
A leftist exposition of monopolistic controls of American radio and television. The author claims the FCC has been made the tool of big business.
Konkle, Burton A. The Life of Andrew Hamilton, 1676-1741. "The Day-Star of the American Revolution." Philadelphia, National Publishing Co., 1941. 168p. K179
Chapters 11 through 14 deal with the part played by this eminent American lawyer in the defense of John Peter Zenger and his New York Weekly Journalin 1735. For his service to the cause of freedom of the press Gouverneur Morris called Hamilton "the day-star of the American Revolution." There is a frontispiece of Hamilton and (opposite page 70) a reproduction of an oil painting of Hamilton during the Zenger trial.
Konvitz, Milton R. Fundamental Liberties of a Free People: Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly. Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press, 1957. 420p. (Cornell Studies in Civil Liberty) K180
A study of the concepts of freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly, with extensive documentation of court cases. The doctrine of "clear and present danger" is treated in some detail. Chapter 18 deals with obscene literature and chapter 21 with taxes on knowledge. The appendix contains a table of cases.
-------, ed. Bill of Rights Reader: Leading Constitutional Cases. 3d ed., Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press, 1965. 941p. (Cornell Studies in Civil Liberty) K181
Leading constitutional cases on the Bill of Rights are presented in actual text, together with introductory and background information. Emphasis is on recent decisions on such topics as Bible reading and Bible distribution in the schools, police power and freedom of speech and the press, previous restraints on censorship, the "clear and present danger" doctrine, indecent and obscene literature, movie censorship, and contempt by publication.
-------. First Amendment Freedoms; Selected Cases on Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly. Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press, 1963. 926p. K182
This comprehensive case book on freedoms guaranteed by the First Amendment devotes four of its six chapters to cases relating to freedom of speech and press. Chapter 3 includes the subject of group libel (Beauharnais v. Illinois),previous restraints or censorship (Near v. Minnesota, Lovell v. Griffin, Niemotko v. Maryland, Kunz v. New York, and Rockwell v. Morris),taxes on knowledge (Grosjean v. American Press Co.),and freedom of anonymous publications (Talley v. California).Chapter 4 deals with cases on the "clear and present danger" doctrine and the Communist conspiracy. Chapter 5 deals with cases on loyalty and security. Chapter 6 deals with cases on censorship and contempt by publication: (1) Indecent and obscene literature, a) Post-Office control (Hannegan v. Esquire, Inc., Grove Press v. Christenberry, Manual Enterprises v. Day), b) Customs control (U. S. v. One Book Called "Ulysses"),c) Police control (Commonwealth v. Gordon, Roth v. U.S., Alberts v. California, Kingsley Books, Inc. v. Brown, Butler v. Michigan, Smith v. California, Bantam Books v. Sullivan, and Attorney General v. The Book Named "Tropic of Cancer"). (2) Movie censorship (Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson, Kingsley International Pictures Corp. v. Regents of University of State of New York, and Times Film Corp. v. Chicago). (3) Contempt by publication (Bridges v. California). (4) Censorship on advice as to use of contraceptives (Poe v. Ullman). This work is an expansion of the First Amendment portion of Konvitz' earlier book, Bill of Rights Reader.
Koop, Theodore F. "Equality of Access for Radio in Covering Washington News." Journalism Quarterly, 34:338-40, Summer 1957. K183
-------. Weapon of Silence. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1946. 304p. K184
A study of civilian censorship of the press and radio in the United States during World War II, told by the assistant director of the Office of Censorship. Three chapters deal with wartime censorship in the Civil War and World War I, and compare these with the voluntary system of World War II.
Kordus, Claude. "Censorship of Textbooks." Marquette Law Review, 39:268-74, Winter 1955-56. K185
"The purpose of this comment is to evaluate the legal issues presented to the textbook committees of American public schools when reading materials intended to be used in public school libraries contain attacks on religious groups." The author concludes that the local school board must not be hindered in the effort to keep the public schools free of the "strife of sects." While approving the fair-minded evaluation of tenets of faith, the author believes that Paul Blanshard's articles in The Nation"go far beyond any impartial evaluation of the principles of Catholicism" and he approves the banning of the magazine in the Newark schools.
Kostelantz, Richard, et al. "Pornography." Twentieth Century, 174:4-29, Summer 1965. K186
A group of articles by Richard Kostelantz, Father Corbishley, Dan Snee, John Calder, David Stafford-Clark, Michael Rubinstein, and Maurice Girodias. Henry Miller had been asked to contribute but wrote, "I have written myself out on that subject, I fear, couldn't possibly do another." Kostelantz suggests that pornography might be classified in five rough categories: vulgar, cliched, sentimentalized, realistic, and imaginative; he gives examples of each. Father Corhishley believes that pornography, while most harmful to the adolescent, may also harm the adult who has not developed a well-balanced view of sex. The suppression of the traffic will be achieved only by a public opinion that will not tolerate it. Dan Snee writes satirically of Henry Miller's pursuit of freedom by writing of sex, and of the growing trade of serious pornography. John Calder notes that children have no interest in pornography, adolescents have little need for artificial stimulation, but the chief readers are the middle-aged. He examines the "pornographic method," which he believes should be tolerated if used to benefit society, exposed where it is not. David Stafford-Clark reports on the press criticism of his ultrafrank talk on the sexual aspects of marriage, delivered at a conference of the Scottish Marriage Guidance Council. Michael Rubinstein concludes that "campaigns for the suppression of `suggestive' literature are promoted, pursued and publicized by the corrupt." Maurice Girodias, founder of The Olympia Press, writes of his own publishing experience.
Kotschnig, Walter M. "U.S. Proposes New Convention for Freedom of Information." U.S. Department of State Bulletin, 25:504-94, September 1951. K187
Proposals of the United States Deputy Representative on the UNESCO Sub-Commission on Freedom of Information, which had reached an impasse over international freedom for correspondents and newspapers.
Koudelis, George. "Fair Trial v. Freedom of the Press in Criminal Cases." Temple Law Quarterly, 35:412-32, Summer 1962. K188
The author concludes that "reinstating the power to punish constructive contempts would be the most effective and feasible way to approach the problem . . . The original common-law power should be revived with the United States Supreme Court as final arbiter."
[Kough, Jack, et al.]. "Dealing with Censorship Pressures." Publishers' Weekly, 181(24):29-31, 11 June 1962. K189
Summary of a panel discussion on censorship pressures given at the annual meeting of the American Textbook Publishers Institute. Participants included Robert C. McNamara, Jr. (chairman), John Spaulding, Jack Kough, and W. MacLean Johnson. Mr. Kough defined four groups of censors-the organized negative, the excited but lonesome negative, the misinformed constructive, and the very informed constructive.
Kraft, Joseph. "Politics of the Washington Press Corps." Harper's, 230:99-105, June 1965. K190
If there is a threat to a free press, it lies "in the intellectual poverty of the press itself" that accepts the government-managed news and deals with the favored sources.
"Kreutzer Sonata." American Law Review, 25:102-4, January-February 1891. K191
"The attempt of the post-office department to exclude one of Tolstoi's celebrated books, called Kreutzer Sonatafrom the mails, resulted in the very object which it was intended to prevent, in giving enormous circulation to the book."
Kreymborg, Alfred. Edna: The Girl of the Street. Including George Bernard Shaw's Advice to the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice Regarding Edna and the Complete Story of the Arrest and Subsequent Trial of Guido Bruno. New York, 1919. 27p. K192
The text of Kreymborg's short story, together with documents relating to the publication of the work by Guido Bruno and his arrest and trial in New York on an obscenity charge. Frank Harris appeared in Bruno's behalf
Krieghbaum, Hillier. "The Office of War Information and Government News Policy." Journalism Quarterly, 19:241-50, September 1942. K193
The official control of news in the United States during World War II.
Kris, Ernst. "Mass Communication under Totalitarian Government." In Douglas Waples, Print, Radio and Film in a Democracy. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1949, pp. 14-38. K194
Discusses control of information during wartime-the experience under British and German governments in both world wars. After each war, the public is left with a distrust of mass communications which has to be overcome. The author suggests the formation of a new elite, consisting of specialists dealing with news, who would establish a body of professional ethics as a means of controlling the mass media to "prevent the death of public confidence in the news."
Krock, Arthur. "A Free Press in War Time." In Thomas H. Johnson, ed., Men of Tomorrow. New York, Putnam's, 1942, pp. 209-25. K195
The head of the Washington bureau of the New York Times describes censorship conditions prevailing in the United States in World War II, following a brief history of censorship in earlier wars. He objects to the use of "voluntary" to a censorship which is really "compulsory." Krock recommends putting "the military and nonmilitary news control under a small committee, with a civilian in the chair, which would lay down sensible, elastic rules so that you would get much timely news of events." Such an agency, the Office of War Information, was subsequently formed under the direction of Elmer Davis.
-------. "The Press and Government." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 180:162-67, July 1935. K196
The article is about the conflict between the press and the restrictions sometimes attempted by government officials. "In repayment of liberties without parallel, the American newspaper and its makers must seek and deserve the friendship of the public alone, to whom the Government belongs."
-------. "Press v. Government-a Warning." Public Opinion Quarterly, 1:45-49, April 1937. K197
The Central Information Bureau, proposed by the Brownlow-Gulick-Merriam committee on government reorganization, would be a menace to the legitimate flow of news to the public.
-------. "Public Information and National Security: A Journalist's View." Yale Political, 3(1):19, 35, Autumn 1963. K198
"Mr. Krock decries the inadequate and slanted information the people are receiving about the activities of their government. While censorship may be justified in times of a national emergency such as war, such justification does not apply to merely critical situations such as the Cold War." A government view is presented in an accompanying article by Arthur Sylvester.
Kronhausen, Eberhard, and Phyllis Kronhausen. Pornography and the Law; the Psychology of Erotic Realism and "Hard Core" Pornography. New York, Ballantine Books, 1959. 317p. Foreword by J. W. Ehrlich; Introduction by Dr. Theodor Reik. Revised edition, 1964. 416p. K199
According to the authors, both psychologists, there is no reliable evidence that pornography is a major cause of juvenile delinquency. Some psychologists, they state, believe that erotic emotion is actively purged and sublimated by this means. The authors attempt to delineate between "erotic realism" and "hard core pornography," giving examples of both categories from classic and modern writings. They discuss such books as Frank Harris' My Life and Loves, Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer, D. H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover, and (in the revised edition) the case of Fanny Hill. Part II of the book deals with obscenity and the law, with comments on the Supreme Court definition of obscenity and the concept of "contemporary community standards." The revised edition contains a section on Erotica of Tomorrow, and a postscript indicating that in the five years since the first edition there has been no further evidence of positive correlation between reading erotic material and overt antisocial acts. In a pro and con review of the work (Saturday Review, 20 February 1960), Harvey Breit believes the authors have found "a viable, even dramatic distinction" between pornography and erotica. Alan U. Schwartz, in the same source, believes the Kronhausens have largely failed of their aim through a misunderstanding of the basic legal problems involved.
-------. "Psychology of Pornography." In The Encyclopedia of Sexual Behavior, edited by Albert Ellis and A. Abarbanel. New York, Hawthorn Books, 1961. vol. 2, pp. 848-59. K200
Kronick, David A. "Unadmitted Rule of Why Censor." Wilson Library Bulletin,16:467-69, February 1940. K201
"The librarian practices censorship whether he wishes to or not, as a result of the limitations of his book fund. It is a censorship of omission rather than commission; a censorship implied in the necessity of selecting from the thousands of titles which pour from the presses of the commercial publishers every year . . . It is a problem that is closely involved in many aspects of library policy; the criteria of book selection, the freedom of access to the literature of sex education, the practice of library publicity (lack of publicity and difficulty of access may amount to censorship), the question of the library's attitude toward obscenity in literature, and many others."
Krug, Mark M. "`Safe' Textbooks and Citizenship Education." School Review, 68:463-80, Winter 1960. K202
An analysis of charges being made that in the interest of balance and objectivity school textbook writers have taken out any ideas to which anybody might possibly object. He calls for a "responsible reappraisal of the policy of omitting or glossing over controversial issues, of avoiding a clear-cut commitment to the fundamental democratic rights and to the obligation to work for the betterment of our democratic society."
|
Comments: Web Administrator Privacy Policy Last Updated |
Go To Bibliography Text of L