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Kacedan, Basil W. "The Right of Privacy." Boston University Law Review, 12:353-95, June 1932; 12:600-647, November 1932. K1
A history of the legal concept of the right of privacy, including unwarranted publication of letters and personal photographs. The right of privacy, early recognized as a fiction in protection of property, was given outright recognition in 1905. The author gives three remedies for violation of the right of privacy: action in tort for damages, relief by injunction, and criminal liability by statute. He opposes further legislation, favoring instead action under common law.
Kadin, Theodore. "Administrative Censorship: a Study of the Mails, Motion Pictures and Radio Broadcasting." Boston University Law Review, 19:533-85, November 1939. K2
An extensive survey of administrative censorship in the United States as indicated by cases brought before the courts. Administrative censorship is exercised in motion pictures by a "straightforward examination in advance; in radio broadcasting through a licensing system, an unacknowledged scrutiny of past conduct; in the mails, a combination of both licensing and prior review . . . Even if censorship is necessary, then the methods employed in the three fields have not been intelligently applied." Censorship of any of the media should be applied only if there is a clear social danger. Then society must ask: Will it cope with the supposed social danger? Will it destroy esthetic ends? Will it create any undesirable results?
Kahane, Jack. Memoirs of a Booklegger. London, M. Joseph, 1939. 287p. K3
Includes a history of the Obelisk Press of Paris and its experience with the censors.
Kahn, Dorothy "Abe Goff, Our Chief Censor." Reporter, 12:27, 19 May 1955. K4 §
An interview with Abe Goff, solicitor of the Post Office and the federal government's chief censor. "He is also, it appears, a general arbiter of American intelligence and literacy." The legal basis for banning foreign publications (examples are given) is a letter written by the Attorney General in 1940 stating his opinion that the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 could be used as a basis for excluding mail from abroad if the sender had not registered as a foreign agent.
Kahn, E. J., Jr. "The Wayward Press." New Yorker, 26:109-24, 15 April 1950. K5
Deals with newspaper coverage of the libel case instituted by Larry Adler and Paul Draper, musician and dancer respectively, against Mrs. John T. McCullough.
"Kahn, Morgan, and Salome." Saturday Review, 47(22):60, 30 May 1964. K6
Previously unpublished letter from Otto H. Kahn to Richard Strauss (29 May 1908) charging J. P. Morgan as the one responsible for banning Strauss's Salome from the New York Metropolitan Opera after a single performance in 1907.
Kallen, Horace M. "Blasphemy." In Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences. New York, Macmillan, 1930-35. vol. 2, pp. 586-88. K7 §
A history of the concept of blasphemy as an offense subject to prosecution by civil authorities.
-------."Censorship, or the Ethos of Procrustes." Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 28 (ser. 6):23-24+, July 1945. K8
A chapter in a lengthy article entitled Freedom and the Artist. Other chapters are: The Experience of Freedom; Freedom and Society; The Economy of Free Thought; Criteria of Freedom; Freedom of the Artist; Technique, Tradition, and Freedom; Ethos and the Freedom of Art; The Freedom of the Artist Depends on Free Communication; and Free Art and Free Society Are Interdependent. "That this identification of private expression with public meanings which we call ethos must be spontaneous and uncoerced is just as true for authoritarian as for free societies. The endeavor to impose identity, to make conformation coercive is, however, institutional and seems as inveterate as art itself. We call it censorship. It consists in procrustean prescriptions of what shall be expressed and how it shall not be expressed. It is dictatorship over the content and methods of the arts, and it is effective dictatorship in the degree that the censors have power to control the media of communication. . . . The liberty of the artist is the avatar of all the liberties of man. It subdues all discipline. It diversifies all doctrine . . . Where the artists keep free, no other sort or condition of man long remains bond."
-------."Fear, Freedom, and Massachusetts." American Mercury, 18:281-92, November 1929. K9
Philosophical insight into political freedom, with a review of the conflict in Massachusetts, particularly Boston, between the native post-Puritan and the Catholic descendents of Irish immigrants, resulting in a "paranoiac condition."
-------. Indecency and the Seven Arts. New York, Liveright, 1930. 246p. K10
A series of essays and lectures dealing with literary criticism and censorship, of which the first two are particularly pertinent to freedom of the press: Indecency and the Seven Arts; and The Censor, the Psychologist, and the Motion Picture.
-------."Protean Censorship." Freeman, 3:370-72, 29 June 1921. K11
Deals with the suppression of James B. Cabell's Jurgen.
-------, ed. Freedom in the Modern World. New York, Coward-McCann, 1928. 304p. K12
A series of lectures given at the New School for Social Research, including How a Catholic Looks at Freedom by Rev. J. A. Ryan, The Protestant View of Freedom by F. I. Foakes-Jackson, Liberty and the Law by Zechariah Chafee, Jr., Freedom of Speech, Conscience and the Press by S. Bent, and Freedom in the Fine Arts by R. M. Lovett.
Kallgren, Edward E. "Group Libel." California Law Review, 41:290-99, Summer 1953. K13
Notes on cases of group libel in the American courts, 1890-1952.
Kalven, Harry, Jr. "Metaphysics of the Law of Obscenity." In The Supreme Court Review, 1960. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1961, pp. 1-45. K14 §
The purpose of the article is to examine some of the recent decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court relating to obscenity to see how it has resolved the perplexities inherent in the problem and what issues remain. Constitutional problems are of two kinds: the first revolves around the ambiguity of the meaning of the term "obscene"; the second relates to the interpretation of the clear-and-present-danger test. Obscenity legislation has considered four possible dangers, "(1) the incitement to anti-social sexual conduct; (2) psychological excitement resulting from sexual imagery; (3) the arousing of feelings of disgust and revulsion; and (4) the advocacy of improper sexual values." The author analyzes five cases, Butler v. Michigan, 352 U.S. 380 (1957); the two cases decided together, People V. Alberts and United States v. Roth, 354 U.S. 476 (1956); Kingsley Pictures Corp. v. Regents, 360 U.S. 684 (1959); and Smith v. California, 361 U.S. 147 (1959). The author concludes with three observations on the difficulties of the task. First, the topic of obscenity is fraught with "all the anxieties and hypocrisies of society's attitude toward sex." Second, the matter comes "close to major doctrine about free speech and free press." Third, decisions are made in an institutional context that necessarily raises many issues relating to the function and role of the court. In a footnote the author suggests four possible judicial roles in obscenity cases: urbane resignation, irreverent amusement, uncompromising concern for free speech, and "the role of the responsible man of affairs who feels that there are limits to what the public will tolerate."
-------."The New York Times Case: A Note on 'The Central Meaning of the First Amendment.'" In Supreme Court Review, 1964. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1964, pp. 191-221. K15 §
Relates to the U.S. Supreme Court decision in New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, in which the Court unanimously held that a libel judgment rendered under Alabama law was violative of First Amendment principles. "In brief compass, my thesis is that the Court, compelled by the political realities of the case to decide it in favor of the Times, yet equally compelled to seek high ground in justifying its results, wrote an opinion that may prove to be the best and most important it has ever produced in the realm of freedom of speech." The author concludes that the decision offers the Court an "invitation to follow a dialectic progression from public official to government policy to public policy to matters in the public domain . . . If the Court accepts the invitation, it will slowly work out for itself the theory of free speech that Alexander Meiklejohn has been offering us for some fifteen years now."
-------."Obscenity and the Law." Library Quarterly, 27:201-8, July 1957. K16
A review of two works on the legal aspects of obscenity: the book Obscenity and the Law by Norman St. John-Stevas and the personalized essay by Judge Jerome Frank, issued as an appendix to his opinion in United States v. Roth.
Kansas. State Board of Review (Moving Pictures). Publications. Topeka, The Board, 1917+. K17
In 1913 Kansas adopted a state censorship law, creating a Moving Picture Censorship Appeal Commission. The law was declared constitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1915. This agency was replaced in 1917 by the Kansas State Board of Review, which has continued to disapprove films that are "cruel, obscene, indecent or immoral, or such as tend to debase or corrupt morals." Publications of the Board have included A Complete List of Motion Picture Films Presented to the Kansas State Board of Review for Censorship (1917-41; numbered reports irregularly issued, later ones annually); monthly mimeographed reports (1942-52); Biennial Reports to the Governor, beginning in 1920.
Kansas. University. The Library. An Exhibition of books which have survived Fire, the Sword and the Censors. Lawrence, Kan., The University Library, 1955. 28p. K18
A list of 150 banned books with informative annotations describing the cause and occasion for banning, compiled by Joseph Rubinstein and Earl Farley. A traveling exhibit of 33 of the books was made available to other libraries.
Kansas Library Association. Intellectual Freedom Committee. "Price of Liberty." Wilson Library Bulletin , 36:392-93, January 1962. K19
A statement on the defense of the freedom to read, with practical suggestions to Kansas librarians on how to meet would-be censors.
Kaplan, Abraham. "Obscenity as an Esthetic Category." Law and Contemporary Problems, 20:544-59, Autumn 1955. K20 §
The author, in his discussion of the philosophy of art, considers the questions: "Can a work of art be obscene and still be esthetic in status and function? What part, if any, does the obscene play in the esthetic experience? What characteristics of the art object mark its occurrence?" He identifies several species of the obscene: conventional obscenity, the quality of a work which attacks accepted standards of sexual behavior (Zola, Ibsen, Shaw); Dionysian obscenity, consisting of excessive sexualism, expressing an exuberant delight in sexual pleasures (Aristophanes, Boccaccio, Rabelais), and the obscene of the perverse, a calculated indecency or sex for the sake of dirt (Huysmans, de Sade).
Kassner, Minna F. "Radio Censorship." Air Law Review, 8:99-111, April 1937. (Excerpted in Summers, Radio Censorship, pp. 183-90) K21
An examination of both official censorship, practiced by the Federal Communications Commission, and so-called "editorial selection," practiced by commercial broadcasters and generally known as "private censorship. "The author recommends changes in the Radio Act and the passage of bills sponsored by the American Civil Liberties Union requiring stations to give greater attention to the "public interest."
-------, and Lucien Zackaroff. Radio Is Censored! A Study of Cases Prepared to Show the Need of Federal Legislation for Freedom of the Air. New York, American Civil Liberties Union, 1936. 56p. K22
In support of federal legislation for greater freedom of the air, the authors present 25 typical cases of local station censorship. The pamphlet is prefaced by a description of how radio censorship works in such areas as politics, minorities, labor, special interests, race, birth control, and humor. Legislation supported by the ACLU would require stations to set aside daily a regular period of choice time for discussion of economic, social, and political issues; to present at least one opposing view on a controversial issue. The legislation would free the station, not the speaker, from legal liability; would require stations to keep a record of requests for time--those granted and those denied.
Kasson, Constantine D. "Constitutional Law-Due Process--Freedom of Expression--Moving Picture Censorship." Michigan Law Review, 52:599-602, February 1954. K23
Consideration of the film censorship case, Burstyn v. Wilson, and related cases that have come before the U.S. Supreme Court.
Katz, Daniel. "Psychological Barriers to Communication." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 250:17-25, March 1947. K24 §
"Physical barriers to communications are rapidly disappearing, but the psychological obstacles remain. These psychological difficulties are in part a function of the very nature of language; in part they are due to the emotional character and mental limitations of human beings." Specifically, the author mentions (1) the failure to refer language to experience and reality, (2) the inability to transcend personal experience in intergroup communication, (3) stereotypes, and (4) the confusion of percept and concept.
Kauffmann, Reginald W. "The News Embargo." North American Review, 208:831-41, December 1918. K25
A scathing criticism of American military censorship in World War I, by an American overseas correspondent. He recommends that censorship boards be composed of educated civilians under a civilian head answerable not to any detective (Army Secret Service), general, or to any member of the Cabinet, but to Congress. While giving the Army the credit that it is due and keeping secret military information from the enemy, censorship should give the American public legitimate news of its fighting men.
Kauffmann, Stanley. "God's Belittled Acre." New Republic, 138:21, 30 June 1958. K26
Objections to censorship of the movie version of Erskine Caldwell's book, although the author himself is quoted as having no disagreement with the production.
-------. "Lady Chatterley at Last." New Republic, 140:13-16, 25 May 1959. K27
The challenge to the obscenity laws by the publication for the first time in America of the unexpurgated edition of D. H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover by Grove Press. The obscenity laws in America have been geared to the level of the weakest members of society. "Is it not madness," Kauffmann writes, "to abolish freedom because some would abuse it?" The greatest support of the censor comes from the "liberal" who believes in freedom only for serious literature, but would ban trash. "Suppose there are people who want to read trash? What about their civil liberties?" He criticizes the defenders of Lady Chatterley who deny that the work is sexually stimulating, suggesting that, if it were, the work could not be defended.
-------. The Philanderer. 2d ed. London, Secker & Warburg, 1954. 300p. K28
This edition of Kauffmann's novel contains a summing up of the decision of Justice Stable in the British court (Central Criminal Court, 2 July 1954). The Court recommended that the 1868 Cockburn test of obscenity be interpreted in the light of modern standards. The publishers were found not guilty.
Kaufman, Paul. "A 'Revoluntionary' Edition of the Areopagitica." AmericaneNotes & Queries, 2:116-18, April 1964. K29
Notes on a forgotten edition of Milton's Areopagetica, published by James Losh in 1791. This was three years after Mirabeau (1788) published his French Sur la liberté de la Presse, based on Milton's work.
Kauper, Paul G. "Censorship: Protecting the Public Morals." In his Civil Liberties and the Constitution. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1962, pp. 52-89. K30
An essay by an American legal scholar.
Kavados, Thomas, Jr., and John R. Martzell. "Free Speech--City Ordinance Requiring Motion Pictures to Be Censored Prior to Public Exhibition Not Invalid as Violation of First Amendment." Notre Dame Lawyer, 36:406-10, May 1961. K31
Times Film Corp. v. City of Chicago, 81 S. Ct. 391 (1961).
Kayser, Jacques. Mort d'une Liberté-Techniques et Politique de l'Information. Paris, Libraire Plan, 1955. 338p. K32
A monograph on freedom of the press with special reference to the United States and the Soviet Union.
Kazan, Elia. "Pressure Problem. Director Discusses Cuts Compelled in A Streetcar Named Desire." New York Times, 21 October 1951, sect. 2, p. 5. K33
[Keach, Benjamin]. "The Trial of Mr. Benjamin Keach, at the Assizes at Aylsbury, in Buckinghamshire, for a Libel, 1665." In Howell, State Trials, vol. 6, pp. 702-10, and in A Collection of the Most Remarkable and Interesting Trials . . . London, R. Snagg, 1775. vol. 1, pp. 211-17. (Also reported in Schroeder, Constitutional Free Speech, pp. 282-85) K34 §
Keach, a minister of the Armenian Baptists, was arrested and tried in 1664 for expressing doctrines on infant baptism and other matters contrary to the Church of England in his The Child's Instructor; or, A New and Easy Primmer. Keach was fined, sentenced to a fortnight in prison, pilloried, and his book was burned before his eyes.
Kearney, Patrick. "Taboos of the Vice Agents." Freeman, 1:542-43, 18 August 1920. K35
The author criticizes various acts of sex censorship by the vice societies, including the suppression of Freud's Leonardo da Vinci.
Keating, Charles H., Jr. Typical CDL Talk. [Cincinnati, Committee for Decent Literature, n.d.]. 9p. K36 §
Information on the pornography traffic in the United States, its dangers, and the way in which a Citizens for Decent Literature group can take action against the traffic. Intended for use in local campaigns against pornography.
Keating, Joseph. "Civil Censorship: Theory and Practice." Month (London), 159:239-49, March 1932. K37
A defense of film censorship and a criticism of the inadequate and clumsy supervision exerted by the British Board of Film Censors. It is the duty of the community to guide the moral character of its people. "For civilization is not properly measured by the development of the arts, or of the comforts and amenities of life, although these things accompany its growth, but by the taming of the beast in man, the restoration of reason to its throne, the development of his power to recognize truth, to love good, to appreciate beauty." The State (Britian) no longer has a clear and definite moral standard of its own, having gotten rid of it along with the Catholic faith in the Protestant Reformation. The author praises the strong hand of Mussolini in removing filth from Italy. He praises Ireland's censorship of films and books. England should emulate this censorship, but Protestants are not likely to support it.
Keeler, Charles C. "Taxes upon Advertising Media." Villanova Law Review, 4:442-45, Spring 1959. K38
Notes on the case, Baltimore v. A. S. Abell, in which the Maryland courts (1958) declared unconstitutional a Baltimore city tax upon purchasers and sellers of certain advertising.
Keen, Harold. "Wave of Censorship . . . or Persecution?" San Diego, 17:72, 98, June 1965. K39
"Keeping Out German Newspapers." Nation, 106:670-71, 8 June 1918. K40
Editorial criticism of the policy whereby German newspapers are handled through the British government, which will not allow any to come to the United States except those destined for the federal government.
Keeton, G. W. "The Tercentenary of the Areopagitica." Contemporary Review, 166:280-86, November 1944. K41
"The problems with which [Milton] grappled so courageously three centuries ago are to-day living issues for each one of us, for personal freedom and freedom of thought are rights which must be vindicated afresh in each successive century."
Kefauver, Estes. "Obscene and Pornographic Literature." Federal Probation, 24(4):3-12, December 1960. K42
Senator Kefauver reviews a Senate sub-committee's investigations of the pornography racket in the United States. He calls for greater research by the behavioral scientists in "the effect of visual and auditory stimuli on overt behavior." This information is needed in solving the problems of obscenity.
Kegler, Stanley B., and Stephen Dunning. "A Minority Report on Censorship." English Journal 51:667-68, December 1962. K43
The authors examine cases of book censorship of the previous year, concluding that many cases of school censorship might have been avoided if teachers had worked constantly to bring together "the right books for the right child at the right time."
[Keith, George, et al.]. New England's Spirit of Persecution Transmitted to Pennsilvania, and the Pretended Quaker found Persecuting the True Christian-Quaker, In the Tryal of Peter Boss, George Keith, Thomas Budd and William Bradford At the Sessions held at Philadelphia the Nineth, Tenth and Twelfth Days of December, 1692 . . . Giving an Account of the most Arbitrary Procedure of that Court. [New York], printed by William Bradford, 1693. 38p. K44
A theological quarrel among the Quakers resulted in the arrest and imprisonment of several Quakers and their printer, William Bradford, for publishing an account of unorthodox religious views. The charge was "sedition," but the jury failed to agree and the case was dismissed. Bradford's press was seized by the court and he had difficulty in getting it returned. The principle that the jury should decide the law as well as the fact of publication was established by this Philadelphia trial for seditious libel. In the First Year of Printing in New York, 1928, Eames writes: This seems to be the joint production of George Keith and Thomas Budd, including Bradford's own account of the trial."
Keller, Joseph E. Federal Control of Defamation by Radio. Washington, D.C., Georgetown University, 1935. 109p. (Unpublished J.D. dissertation) K45
Kellerman, Dana F. Censorship of the Northern Press during the Civil War. Urbana, Ill., University of Illinois, 1960. 130p. (Unpublished Master's thesis) K46
Kelley, D. O. "Librarians and Proposed Legislation Relating to Obscenity." New Mexico Library Bulletin, 28:2-4, January 1959. K47
Kellock, Harold. Freedom of Communications. Washington, D.C., Editorial Research Reports, 1944. (Editorial Research Reports, 1(12):1-14, 1944) K48
A discussion of the proposal of the Federal Communications Commission for merger of American companies that provide overseas radio and cable service and the effect of such a merger on freedom of the press.
Kelly, Frank K. Citizens' Commission Proposed. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1960. 4p. (Publication no. 34) K49 §
In a talk before the Freedom of Information [Study] Group of Southern California, the vice-president of the Fund for the Republic endorses a National Citizens Advisory Board for Radio and Television.
-------. Communication in a Free Society. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1961. 6p. (Publication no. 57) K50 §
The author discusses the status of American mass communication, endorsing William Benton's proposal for a national Citizens Advisory Board for Radio and Television.
-------. "The Press on Censorship." Nieman Reports, 8(2):33-34, April 1954. K51
A consultant, American Book Publishers Council, reports on news coverage and editorial comment on its review of censorship in the United States.
Kelly, Gerald, and John C. Ford. "The Legion of Decency." Theological Studies, 18:387-433, September 1957. K52
"The main purpose is . . . to give more information about the Legion than is usually available to theologians, so that some of the more practical of the moral problems can be reasonably discussed, if not perfectly solved."
Kelly, John. "Criminal Libel and Free Speech." Kansas Law Review, 6:295-333, March 1958. K53
"This article will outline briefly the history of criminal libel in England and the United States, concentrating on the modifications of the early law engendered by the American Revolution and the subsequent Constitutional declarations of freedom of speech and press. Then something of the present theory and practice will be discussed, and, in conclusion, the history and theory treated will be applied to an analysis of the decision in Beauharnais v. Illinois, the most recent and significant Supreme Court decision regarding criminal libel."
Kelly, Richard J. The Law of Newspaper Libel. With Special Reference to the State of the Law as Defined by the Law of Libel Amendment Act of 1888. London, Clowes, 1889. 258p. K54
-------. "Liberty of the Press in America, Germany and France." Irish Law Times, 30:432-34, 26 September 1896. K55
A history and comparison of the state of press freedom in the three countries, read before the Institute of Journalists, Belfast.
Kem, James P. "Senator Asks Showdown on Federal Information." Quill, 40(2):11, February 1952. K56
Not only the press, but Congress, is hampered by censorship in the guise of national security. A Missouri senator criticizes President Truman's order restricting release of government information.
Kemler, Edgar. The Irreverant Mr. Mencken. Boston, Little, Brown, 1950. 317p. K57
A biography of one of America's most militant foes of censorship, particularly in the realm of sex. Chapter 6 deals with Mencken's part in the defense of Dreiser; chapter 9 discusses The Battle of the Books that took place in America during the 1920's; and chapter 13 covers the famous "Hatrack" case in which Mencken sold a copy of his American Mercury on the Boston Common in defiance of the Watch and Ward Society.
Kempton, Murray. "Impurities in Yorkville: With Pornography One Thing Leads to Another." New Republic, 148:13-15, 16 March 1963. K58
A campaign against pornography in Manhattan's East Side, led by Father Morton Hill of St. Ignatius Loyola Catholic Church.
Kennan, George. "The Associated Press: A Defense." Outlook, 107:240, 249-50, 30 May 1914. K59
A defense of the practices of the Associated Press, particularly of its rules "not to contradict any statement for which the Associated Press itself was not responsible," and not to give competing organizations the news of their own localities. A criticism of the AP by Gregory Mason appears in the same issue.
Kennan, George F. "No Concessions . . . "ALA Bulletin, 47:470, November 1953. K60 §
"In my opinion, NO concessions ought to be made to the prevailing hysteria, and a library should carry in a normal way, and with no distinctions other than those indicated by normal functional considerations, any material of communist origin which fits naturally with the library's purpose and the general nature of its holdings." From a letter written by the former ambassador to Russia to William S. Dix, chairman, ALA Intellectual Freedom Committee.
Kennan, Richard B. "Freedom of Selection for School Libraries--The Lesser Risk." ALA Bulletin, 47:461-62, November 1953. K61 §
The author is secretary of the National Commission for the Defense of Democracy through Education. He deplores the atmosphere of fear and suspicion that has been responsible in some instances for the "drying up of the well springs." He cites and quotes from these important statements on freedom: The Public School and the American Heritage, endorsed by ten education organizations; the NEA resolution on freedom of thought and expression; and the Scarsdale, N.Y., statement in support of the freedom to read.
-------, et al. "Censorship as Seen by Other Groups." ALA Bulletin, 59:523-30, June 1965. (ALA Conference on Intellectual Freedom, 23-24 January 1965) K62 §
Statements by Richard B. Kennan, NEA's Commission on Professional Rights and Responsibilities; Enid M. Olson, National Council of Teachers of English; Robert F. Lucid, American Studies Association; Charles E. Reid, American Library Trustees Association; Harold F. Flanders, New Jersey Committee for the Right to Read; Nancy Baker, Freedom of Information Center, University of Missouri; and Peter Jennison, National Book Committee.
Kennedy, Crammond. The Liberty of the Press; Its Uses and Abuses. An Essay. Washington, D.C., 1887. 23p. (Reprinted from the Christian Union) K63
A prize-winning essay, first published in 1876, giving a brief history of the development of freedom of the press in England and the United States. The abuses of the present day are: inaccurate and unauthenticated newsgathering, publishing of gossip rather than facts, coloring and distorting of news, public defamation of character, and journalistic blackmail. The press is shorn of its real power by the abuse of liberty.
Kennedy, Edward. "I'd Do It Again." Atlantic Monthly, 182:36-41, August 1948. K64
An answer by the former chief of the Paris Bureau of the Associated Press to critics who claimed he violated SHAEF's release agreement when he filed the first bulletin to reach American readers with news of Germany's capitulation, May 1945. His account gives details of the signing of the Peace at Reims and his reasons for breaking the 24-hour "hold" on the release of the news.
Kennedy, Gerald. ["Censorship"] Together, 7(10):58-59, October 1963. K65
In his column, Browsing in Fiction, a bishop of the Methodist Church criticizes the efforts of self-appointed groups of citizens to put pressure upon librarians and booksellers to ban books. The occasion for the article is the demands in California for the ban of the Dictionary of American Slang on grounds of obscenity. There is a censorship mentality which "usually springs from an unhealthy attitude toward life and indicates an abnormal interest in anything that has to do with sex." Children go through a period of seeking out sex words in such books as Shakespeare and the Bible, but most of them outgrow it. While recognizing the right of individuals to object to any particular book, Bishop Kennedy believes that censorship should be left to the courts. Words can be dangerous weapons and they can corrupt as well as redeem, but " you must . . . commit yourself either to the general principle of liberty or of censorship, and there is no such thing as a little censorship."
Kennedy, J. S. "Attitude Toward the Index." Catholic Mind, 52:623-25, October 1954. K66
Relates to the Index of Forbidden Books of the Catholic Church.
Kennedy, John F. [Statement of Freedom to Read]. In "The Candidates and the Arts." Saturday Review, 43(44):43-44, 29 October 1960. K67
In answer to a request of the two candidates for President to comment on government support of the arts, Mr. Kennedy stated in part: "American libraries should be open to all--except the censor. We must know all the facts and hear all the alternatives and listen to all the criticisms. Let us welcome controversial books and controversial authors. For the Bill of Rights is the guardian of our security as well as our liberty."
Kennedy, Ludovic. "Letters to Master Thompson." Spectator, 212:35-56, 10 January 1964. K68
The author recounts his unsuccessful efforts to get access to the transcript of the trial of Stephen Ward, for use in writing a book on the trial. Who are the judges, he asks, to decide what books shall or shall not be encouraged.
Kennedy, M. D. "This Freedom of the Press; The Great Illusion." Nineteenth Century, 122:166-78, August 1937. K69
The article deals with "the craze for sensationalism in reporting foreign news and the way it affects the foreign news correspondents . . . Under cover of 'freedom of the press' there is a great deal of high-handed action on the part of editors and managers which is the reverse of true freedom."
Kennedy, Renwick C. "Alabama Book-Toasters." Christian Century, 71:428-29, 7 April 1954. (Reprinted in Downs, The First Freedom, pp. 375-77) K70 §
A Presbyterian minister writes of the Alabama "poison label" law which required that every book used in schools and colleges of the state be labeled as to whether or not its author is an advocate of communism or socialism. He recounts the amusing and ridiculous situations that the law presented for publishers, librarians, and school administrators. The Montgomery Advertiser dubbed supporters of the bill "one degree removed from a book-burner--which, we suppose, is a book-toaster."
Kennedy, Robert E. "How Much Freedom for Student Editors?" Masthead, 9(4):9-12, Fall 1957. K71
An editor of the Chicago Sun-Times maintains that while it is healthy for student editors to battle out issues of freedom of expression with college officials, "they have no more 'right' to insist on their views prevailing over that of the 'publisher' than have those of us who earn our living in journalism."
Kennedy, Robert P. "Right to Privacy in the Name, Reputation and Personality of a Deceased Relative." Notre Dame Lawyer, 40:324-29, April 1965. K72
The author finds that no strong case has been made in court decisions for or against the recognition of this relational right. "Recognition of this relational right would protect against crass invasions of privacy which are becoming frequent in these days when radio, television, motion pictures, newspapers and magazines intrude into our lives."
Kennedy, William S. The Fight of a Book for the World . . . West Yarmouth, Mass., Stonecraft Press, 1926. 304p. K73
An account of the reception of Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass, including the suppression of the Osgood edition in Boston. Further references to the suppression are contained in Kennedy's Reminiscences of Walt Whitman.
-------. "Suppressing a Poet." Conservator, 5:169-71, January 1895. K74
An account of the suppression of Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass in Boston and the writer's experience in ferreting out the instigator of the action, the New England Society for the Suppression of Vice.
Kenner, Hurnard I. The Fight for Truth in Advertising; a Story of What Business Has Done and Is Doing to Establish and Maintain Accuracy and Fair Play in Advertising and Selling for the Public's Protection. New York, Round Table Press, 1936. 298p. (Sponsored by the Advertising Federation of America) K75
Kenney, Louis A. "Censorship." Illinois Libraries, 41:327-36, May 1959. K76 §
The first part of the article identifies the groups who are exerting censorship pressures on American libraries. The second part deals with examples of modern censorship carried to an extreme in Nazi Germany.
-------. "Censorship." Ontario Library Review, 43:222-24, August 1959. K77
Kenny, James. "Correspondents in Eire Couldn't Say 'Boo.'" Saturday Night, 60:11, 16 June 1945. K78
"Many strange things were suppressed by the war censorship in Eire. News that Ginger Rogers had become engaged to an American marine was taboo for Eirann newspapers. Correspondents couldn't write about a German parachutist who was at large in the country even though his photograph was displayed prominently outside every civic guard station."
Kent, C. B. R. The English Radicals; an Historical Sketch. London Longmans, 1899. 451p. K79
This history of the radical movement in England, from 1761 through the Chartist period, includes accounts of the thinking and activities of many crusaders for freedom of the press. Included in the early period (1761-89) are John Wilkes and his North Briton, John Horne Tooke, and Major Cartwright. Included in the second period (1789-1831) that reflected the French Revolution are Thomas Paine, Thomas Hardy and others in the state sedition trials; John Thelwall, Richard Carlile, William Cobbett, Thomas Wooler and his Black Dwarf, John and Leigh Hunt and their Examiner, Jeremy Bentham, Francis Place, and James Mill. The last three were active in the fight against "taxes on knowledge."
Kent, Frank R. "Filth on Main Street." Independent, 114:686-89, 20 June 1925. (Reprinted in Beman, Selected Articles on Censorship, pp. 425-31) K80 §
On a recent tour of the United States the author became concerned about the stream of "pornographic periodicals and dirty fiction magazines" which has been flooding the newsstands. He is concerned with the social implications of pornography, but believes that censorship is not the answer since such efforts are "nearly always futile, often worse."
-------. "Lurid Literature in the United States." Spectator, 135:9-10, 4 July 1925. K81
An American journalist writes that the abundance of lurid sex magazines on the American newsstands takes "the lead in luridness" away from France. He refers to such pulps as Hot Dog, Red Pepper, and Whiz Bang.
Kent, James. Commentaries on American Law. 14th ed. Edited by John M. Gould. Boston, Little, Brown, 1896. 2 vols. (First published in four volumes, 1826-30) K82
Lecture 24, section 2 (vol. 2) deals with the rights of persons with respect to slander and libels. Numerous cases are cited, beginning with the colonial courts, as evidence of the development of the law of libel in the United States. Kent was a noted justice of the New York Supreme Court and his Commentaries were as influential in America as those of Blackstone in England.
Kenyon, George T. The Life of Lloyd, First Lord Kenyon, Lord Chief Justice of England. London, Longmans Green, 1873. 403p. K83
A sympathetic biography of the justice who, in the last decade of the eighteenth century, sat in judgment at the sedition trials of Cuthill, Stockdale, Williams, and others. His strict, legalistic interpretation was later tempered by enactment of the Fox Libel Law.
Kerby, Phil. "How Free Is The Free Press?" Nieman Reports, 6(4):21-23, October 1952. K84
An exposé of the biased and irresponsible coverage of news by large segments of the press--freedom without responsibility.
Kerr, Charles. "Shall We Have a Free Press?" Outlook, 121:18-19, 1 January 1919. K85
The author is concerned with the right of the press to discuss public questions and to lead in solving questions of reconstruction following the war. He reviews the history of the John Peter Zenger case, with a quotation from the speech of Andrew Hamilton.
Kerr, Dora F. "Conversion of Mrs. Grundy." Adult, 2:96-101, May 1898. K86 §
A lecture before the Legitimation League opposing sex-censorship.
Kerr, James M. "Criminal Libel, Libeling a Class." Central Law Journal, 86:334-38, 10 May 1918. K87
Recommends use of criminal libel laws to throttle the "vicious elements which are threatening the government and civilization itself," including anarchists, Bolsheviki, Socialists, and the IWW.
-------. "World Libel." Central Law Journal, 68:253-54, 2 April 1909. K88
Correspondence on the prosecution of certain publishers by the federal government in the Panama Canal case.
Kerr, Walter. Criticism and Censorship. Milwaukee, Bruce, 1954. 86p. (Gabriel Richard Lecture, cosponsored by the National Catholic Educational Association and Trinity College, Washington. D.C.) K89
The drama critic of the New York Herald Tribune discusses the age-old conflict between "the critic who is passionately devoted to the arts and the censor who is worried about the possible indiscretions of the arts," a conflict yet unresolved. Favorably reviewed by Charles Donahue in Commonweal, 26 April 1957.
Kerwin, Jerome G. The Control of Radio. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1934. 27p. K90
A brief review of the early history of radio including the Radio Act of 1927, with comparisons between control in the United States and other countries.
Ketch, John. The Speech of John Ketch, Esq., at the Burning of a Late Scandalous and Malicious Preface . . . London, 1712. Broadside. K91
Ketch was chief executioner under James II. He presided over the destruction of books as well as persons.
Keup, Erwin J. "Obscenity Not Within the Area of Constitutionally Protected Speech or Press." Marquette Law Review, 41:320-28, Winter 1957-58. K92
Notes on the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Roth v. United States and earlier obscenity cases.
Keyhoe, Donald E. "U.S. Air Force Censorship of the UFO Sightings." True, 332:38-41, 84-86, January 1965. K93
A retired Marine Corps major charges the Air Force with suppression of information on unidentified flying objects ("flying saucers"). A comprehensive Report on Unidentified Flying Objects by Edward J. Ruppelt, former head of the Air Force Project Blue Book, published by Doubleday in 1956, reviews the considerable literature on the subject of the UFO.
Kidd, Ronald. "Censorship of Films." New Statesman and Nation, 9:170-71, 9 February 1935. K94
The author finds that British film-licensing agents have exceeded their authority by performing censorship under the Cinematograph Act of 1909 which was intended as a fire safety protection against inflammable films.
-------. Fight for a Free Press. London, National Council for Civil Liberties, 1942. 20p. (Historic Struggles for Liberty, no.1) K95
A popularly written history of the development of a free press--the licensing act, "taxes on knowledge," reporting the proceedings of Parliament, the British state trials during the period of the French Revolution, the cases of William Cobbett, John Wilkes, Richard Carlile, and wartime controls.
Kidgell, John. A Genuine and Succinct Narrative of A Scandalous, obscene, and exceedingly profane Libel, entitled, An Essay on Woman, as also, of Other Poetical Pieces, containing The most atrocious Blasphemies. Submitted to the Candor of the Public . . . London, Printed for James Robson and J. Wilkie, [1763]. 16p. (Reprinted in Wilkes, Essay on Woman, London, 1871, pp. 201-8; also reported in Gentleman's Magazine, November 1763) K96
Kidgell, a dissolute clergyman and chaplain to the Earl of March and Ruglen, managed to get hold of a copy of John Wilkes's obscene parody, An Essay on Woman,never intended for publication. Feigning shock at Wilkes's poem, he reveals it to the public in this pamphlet, describing the blasphemies in detail but taking care to avoid the actual words. Kidgell took the offensive poem to the Earl, who assured his chaplain that proper measures would be taken "for the Discovery and Punishment of so avowed an Enemy of Society." Each copy of this folio pamphlet is personally inscribed by the author, "To The violated Laws, The abused Liberty, and the Insulted Religion of our Country." The Rev. Mr. Kidgell figured in the Wilkes trial.
Kiley, Roger J. "Let Me Alone!" Books on Trial, 15:57-58, 97-100, October 1956. K97
An Illinois Appellate Court judge discusses the right of privacy and its violation in modern times by personal exposé in books and magazines.
-------."Obscenity in Literature." Critic, 16(2)11-12, 57-58, October 1957. K98
A brief history of the "three hundred year war" carried on between those representing extreme views in matters of obscenity--the literati and the censors.
-------."That's Libel! But Is It?" Critic, 17(4):15-16, 86-88, February-March 1959. K99
A judge discusses the many complexities of the modern law of libel as interpreted by court decisions.
Kilgore, Bernard. "Press Freedom of a Sort Is Not Enough." Quill, 50(1):12-13, January 1962. K100
The president of the Wall Street Journal, on receipt of the tenth annual Lovejoy Award at Colby College, states that freedom of the press is simply a right to own a printing press and to use it to comment on public affairs. It has nothing to do with quality of news, ethics of journalism, the right of the people as a whole, nor the business regulations and taxes applied to the publishing business. He opposes stretching the concept of freedom of press to radio and television industries that, for technical reasons, must operate under government license.
Kilmer, Joyce. "War Censorship Modeled on That of the Church; Archbishop Bonzano, Apostolic Delegate Here, Says That Nations of Europe Got their Idea of Censorship from Index Expurgatorius'" New York Times Magazine, 2 September 1916, pp. 13-14. K101
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