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Jack, Guy. Captain Guy Jack's Iconoclast Being an Exposure of Hypocritical Christians and Corrupt Jews of Murder, Arson, Robbery, Perjury, Forgery and Bribery of Officials and Private Citizens in Kemper and Adjacent Counties in Mississippi, whose Efforts Have Been to Defeat Justice--all Graphically Disclosed by the Author Who Figured Personally in the furious Fires of Human Greed for Filthy Lucre, and Felt the Scathing Flames of Hellish Persecution Dealt Out by Men Claiming to Be His Friends and Fellow Sympathizers. 3d ed. The First Having Been Burned in an Effort to Destroy Testimony Which Would Have Disgraced the Author's Enemies. [Scooba, Miss., 1919]. For the Author. 107p. J1
Theodore A. Schroeder called this work "probably the most extraordinary collection of libels ever published in the same space, giving names, dates and details." Some 60 murders are charged against wealthy Mississippi citizens, as well as many other crimes not included on the title page. The publisher was charged with criminal libel and after a spectacular and sometimes hilarious trial he was acquitted.
Jack, Homer A. Blue Pencil Over Chicago. The Fine Art of Censorship. Chicago, Chicago Division, American Civil Liberties Union, 1949. 20p. J2
This pamphlet was adapted from a sermon by the minister of the Unitarian Church of Evanston. It deals with Chicago censorship of stage and motion picture performances. The occasion was the refusal to allow the performance of Sartre's play, The Respectful Prostitute, to be performed in Chicago. Dr. Jack discusses methods of stage censorship elsewhere (the Boston system, the Quincy plan) and national movie censorship.
Jackson, Gardner. "My Brother's Peeper." Nation, 130:64-65, 15 January 1930. J3
The author describes current activities of the New England Watch and Ward Society, particularly the trial of James A. DeLacey, manager of Dunster House Bookshop, for selling copies of D. H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover. He also reports on activities in opposition to the Society, including a drive conducted by the Boston Herald. In the 12 February 1930 issue of The Nation the president of the Watch and Ward, the Reverend Raymond Calkins, defends the Society from the charges of its critics.
Jackson, Holbrook. The Fear of Books. New York, Scribner's, 1932. 199p. J4
"It is to the glory of books that ignorance and fanaticism are their enemies and that their history is disfigured with calamities, persecution and neglect." In a series of witty essays filled with literary illusions, the author advances examples from the broad scope of history of books that have been feared and often banned or destroyed. In his chapter on The Consequences of Fig Leaves, the author notes that moralists who delight in suppressing sex expression in literature "give it undeserved prominence and thus defeat their supposed ends by making it a greater danger than it is." Repression has stimulated a commerce in pornography, but the only books the Customs catch are works of genius. He devotes chapters to the "traditional sport" of pursuing aphrodisiacs and to the widespread taste for forbidden books (The Locked Cupboard). In a final chapter Jackson discusses remedies, both serious and humorous, for destroying books, including the application of birth control to the publishing industry--all bookmen of goodwill should resist the temptation to encourage indiscriminate book-breeding that can end only by turning a bookshop into a slum." The work is an extension of Jackson's The Anatomy of Bibliomania.
Jackson, Joseph H. "On Banning Books." Nieman Reports, 7(4):51, October 1953. J5
In his column, Between the Lines, in the San Francisco Chronicle, Jackson charges that private censoring groups fail to trust the people and the courts to recognize and properly dispose of "dirt" and communism. He comments favorably on the Westchester declaration of the American Library Association and the American Book Publishers' Council.
Jackson, Mabel. "Censorship and Problem-Area Books." Hawaii Library Association Journal, 20:11-13, Fall 1963. J6
Jackson, Thomas A. "Essays in Censorship." Labour Monthly (London), 11:233-39, April 1929. J7
Before World War I Britain had an enviable reputation for freedom. A tightening of censorship that began with the war has been continued and broadened in the postwar decade to cope with class movements. The serious treatment of sex and not its bawdiness has led to recent action by the Home Secretary. Any "fundamental critique of social relations. . . cannot fail, in an age of literacy and libraries, to shatter all those optimisms upon which a disintegrating social system always relies."
-------. Trials of British Freedom, Being Some Studies in the History of the Fight for Democratic Freedom in Britain. London, Lawrence & Wishart, 1945. 192p. J8
Contents: On British Freedom; "Wilkes and Liberty!"; Thomas Paine and the Rights of Man; The Scottish Jacobins and the British Convention of 1793; The English Jacobins; Castlereagh and Sidmouth's Spies; Peterloo and Henry Hunt; Richard Carlile and his Shopmen; The Tolpuddle Martyrs; Chartism-the First Crisis; Chartism--the Second Crisis; Chartism--the Third Crisis; The Freethinkers (Bradlaugh's Battle); The Socialists and the Riots of 1886-7; The Communists (the Twelve of 1925); Epilogue--Treason, Sedition, Blasphemy.
Jacobs, Harvey C. "Freedom to Know." Vital Speeches, 22:590-93, 15 July 1956. J9
The assistant editor of The Rotarian discusses the American heritage of a free press in an address at Warren Central High School, Indianapolis, citing numerous examples and anecdotes.
Jaffe, Carolyn. "The Press and the Oppressed--A Study of Prejudicial News Reporting in Criminal Cases." Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 56:1-17, March 1965; 56:158-73, June 1965. J10
In part 1 the author examines the standards of impartiality which a jury must meet, the kinds of "prejudicial publicity" which can render a trial unfair, and the methods used to prevent conviction of defendants by juries rendered partial by publicity. In part 2 she examines possible solutions and the importance of formulating and making known to the press, bar, and police, the kinds of material likely to deprive a defendant of fair trial. The author proposes a remedial statute. Results of a poll of lawyers, police officials, and news-men are given in the appendix to part 2.
Jager, Harry A. Let Freedom Ring! Manual Adopting to Use in Classroom and Assembly, and in Local Broadcasting Station, Radio Series Let Freedom Ring . . . Washington, D.C., U.S. Office of Education, 1937. 83p. (Bulletin 33) J11 §
Jahoda, Marie, et al. The Impact of Literature: A Psychological Discussion of Some Assumptions in the Censorship Debate. Prepared for the American Book Publishers Council by Research Center for Human Ralations, New York University, 1954. 64p. Photocopy of typescript. J12 §
Dr. Jahoda and her staff attempted to discover what research was available on the question as to "whether so-called 'obscene' reading matter has a detrimental effect on young people in the sense of inducing socially or individually harmful habits and actions." The result is largely an analysis of psychological aspects relating to (1) the causes of juvenile delinquency and (2) the nature of the process by which literature affects the mind of the reader. The study found that in the first case "there is no evidence available in the vast literature on juvenile delinquency which would justify the assumption that reading matter has a major motivating force in it.'' On the second point, they found that" it is virtually impossible to isolate the impact of one of these media [newspapers, television, movies, printed fiction] on a population that is exposed to all of them." Further research is needed to provide positive evidence on the impact of literature.
James, C. L. An Appeal to the Women of America in Behalf of Liberty and Justice to and for the Prosecuted and Persecuted Defenders of the Wives and Mothers of Our Land. Topeka, Kan., Moses Harman, 1891. 12p. J13
An appeal for public support in behald of Moses Harman, prosecuted on obscenity charges under the Comstock law for sending sex education information through the mails. The author attacks the law as it is applied to the supression of sex educaion and sex hygiene.
James, Robert R. "Fifty-Year Rule." Spectator, 213:233-34, 21 August 1964. J14
An examination of some of the problems involved in official restrictions covering inspection of British public records and the assault on these restrictions by those opposing the 50-year rule imposed upon historians by the Public Records Act of 1958.
Jamieson, John. "Censorship and the Soldier." Public Opinion Quarterly, 11: 367-84, Fall 1947. J15
"For the first time the full story is told of wartime censorship in Army libraries. Most of the censorship of soldiers' reading materials in World War II resulted from the War Department's efforts to enforce Title V of the Soldier Voting Law . . . However well-intended the legislation may have been, its sweeping powers and obscure language produced violent, chaotic, even ludicrous results. . . . Finally, a vigorous press campaign, touched off by a release of the civilian Council on Books in Wartime, led to a sensible modification of an unworkable censorship law."
-------. "Censorship and the Soldier Voting Law." In his Books for the Army; the Army Library Service in the Second World War. New York, Columbia University Press, 1950, pp. 212-29. J16
Except for the enforcement of the Soldier Voting Law, there was almost no army-wide censorship for moral or political reasons and very little imposed at the post level. Title V of the Soldier Voting Law prohibited the distribution of "political propaganda" to the armed forces. A strict interpretation by the Adjutant General resulted in the suppression of many significant books and magazines. After much criticism in the press, the law was amended to remove the unreasonable restrictions.
Janes, Lewis G. Samuell Gorton: a Forgotten Founder of Our Liberties; First Settler of Warwick, R.L Providence, R.I., Preston and Rounds, 1896. 141p. J17
Gorton, who came to America in 1637, was banished from both Boston and Plymouth for his heresies. In 1642, after a turbulent stay in Providence, R.I., he bought Indian lands and founded Shawomet, Mass. Here again he was jailed for his unorthodox religious views. He returned to England and reported on his persecutions in Simplicities Defence against Seven-Headed Policy (1646).
Janes, Robert W. The Legion of Decency and the Motion Picture Industry. Chicago, University of Chicago, 1939. 75p. (Unpublished Master's thesis) J18
Jansen, William. Should Religious Beliefs Be Studied and Criticized in an American Public High School? New York, Board of Superintendents of the New York City Schools, 1948. (Excerpted in The Nation, 20 November 1948) J19
A defense of the New York City Board of Education in banning The Nation from public high schools, written by the Superintendent of Schools. This pamphlet answers An Appeal to Reason and Conscience, a statement opposing the ban, signed by 107 persons and representing 34 organizations. The Nation excerpts are accompanied by replies from some of those who signed the Appeal.
Jansky, Maurice. "Analysis of the Standards of Public Interest, Convenience and Necessity as Defined by the Federal Communications Commission. George Washington Law Review, 6:21-45, November 1937. J20
Jarett, Lawrence. "Circulation as an Essential Element of a Free Press." St. John's Law Review, 13:81-93, November 1938. J21
A review of court decisions involving distribution of printed matter by mail and by hand, particularly the Grosjean and Lovell cases. "Liberty of circulation is as essential as liberty of publishing."
[Jarves, James J.]. Report of the Case of Peter Allen Brinsmade . . . versus James Jackson Jarves, editor of the Polynesian, for Alleged Libelous Publications, decided upon grounds of law by Hon. Lorrin Andrews . . . Honolulu, Charles E. Hitchcock, 1846. 104p. J22
Jast, L. Stanley. "Library Politics." Library Review, 40:364-69, Winter 1936. J23
The librarian "cannot be indifferent to the Bolshevik discovery of the value of the public library as an organ of simple propaganda for the economic, social, and religious or antireligious ideas of the government in power." Librarians should take care not to allow such propaganda to threaten the freedom of the shelves.
-------. "Public Libraries and Doubtful Books." Library Association Record, 16:77-78, 14 February 1914. J24
The Secretary of the Library Association, in an address before the National Council of Public Morals, defends public library practices in book selection. "A public library authority does not reject books; it selects, a rather different thing." Jast emphasizes the responsibility of the public librarian in reflecting the attitude of his community. He refers to an open letter from Hall Caine to the Library Association, noting the essential difference between the purposes of the Circulating Libraries Association, which had banned his latest novel, and the Library Association, the former being a commercial organization with a profit motive, the latter representing the public interest.
Javits, Jacob K. "So All the People May See and Hear." TV Guide, 11(19):6-9, 11 May 1963. J25
The New York Senator urges television coverage of some sessions of the U.S. Senate.
Jay, William. "Freedom of Speech and Press." In his Miscellaneous Writings on Slavery. Boston, Jewett, 1853, pp. 530-37. J26
Jefferson, Thomas. ["Censorship of Books"]. In Saul K. Padover, ed., The Complete Jefferson. New York, Duell, Sloan & Pearce, [1943], p. 889. J27
In a letter to Dufief, 19 April 1814, Jefferson protests the ban on De Becourt's Sur la Création du Monde, un Système d'Organisation Primitive. He is "mortified" that the sale of a book is a subject of criminal inquiry and can be carried before a civil magistrate. "Are we to have a censor whose imprimatur shall say what books may be sold, and what we may buy . . . Whose foot is to be the measure to which ours are all to be cut or stretched . . . If M. de Becourt's book be false in its facts, disprove them; if false in its reasoning, refute it. But, for God's sake, let us freely hear both sides, if we choose." It is a book "not likely to he much read if let alone, but, if prosecuted, it will be generally read. Every man in the United States will think it a duty to buy a copy, in vindication of his right to buy, and to read what he pleases."
[Jefferson, Thomas]. The Kentucky Resolutions, 1798. (Reprinted in Saul K. Padover, ed., The Complete Jefferson, New York, Duell, Sloan & Pearce, [1943], pp. 128-34) J28 §
These resolutions, a protest against the Alien and Sedition Acts, were adopted by the Kentucky legislature on 10 November 1798. Jefferson kept his authorship of them a secret. The third resolution states in part "that no power over the freedom of religion, freedom of speech, or freedom of the press being delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, all lawful powers respecting the same did of right remain, and were reserved to the States or the people: that thus was manifested their determination to retain to themselves the right of judging how far the licentiousness of speech and of the press may be abridged without lessening their useful freedom, and how far those abuses which cannot be separated from their use should be tolerated, rather than the use be destroyed." The Sedition Act "which does abridge the freedom of the press, is not law, but is altogether void, and of no force."
-------. ["Second Inaugural Address, Washington, D.C., 4 March 1805"]. In Saul K. Padover, ed., The Complete Jefferson. New York, Duell, Sloan & Pearce, [1943], pp. 410-15. J29 §
Jefferson speaks against the licentiousness of the press in attacking his administration. "These abuses of an institution so important to freedom and science, are deeply to be regretted, inasmuch as they tend to lessen its usefulness, and to sap its safety; they might, indeed have been corrected by the wholesome punishments reserved and provided by the laws of the several States against falsehood and defamation; but public duties more urgent press on the time of public servants, and the offenders have therefore been left to find their punishment in the public indignation."
Jefferson and Our Times: The Experiment of a Free Press. 33 1/3 r.p.m. recording. Prepared by the Fund for Adult Education, Experimental Discussion Project. (Program no. 5) J30
Part of a series of ten programs, prepared for use in discussion groups in conjunction with Dumas Malone's book, Jefferson and Our Times. This episode deals with Jefferson, in retirement, recounting his experience with a free press during his terms as President, and the events which threatened his experiment.
Jeffries, James H., III. "Municipal Ordinance Restricting Distribution of Handbills." Kentucky Law Journal, 49:423-28, Spring 1961. J31
People v. Talley, 172 Cal. App. 797:332 P. 2d 477 (1958).
[Jehovah's Witnesses]. Jehovah's Witnesses in the Divine Purpose. Brooklyn, N.Y., Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York and International Bible Student Association, 1959. 311p. J32
This history of Jehovah's Witnesses contains frequent references to efforts made to censor publications of this religious sect, beginning with the wartime sedition charges in Canada in February 1918.
[Jenkins, Benjamin G.]. [William Inman v. Benjamin G. Jenkins, defendant.] The Loss of the "City of Boston." A Action for Libel Tried at the Liverpool Assizes . . . Liverpool, Lee and Nightingale, 1870. 85p. J33
Jenkins was convicted of libel for a letter in The Times accusing the owners of the steamship line of overloading the ship. The ship was never heard from after it left Halifax. Jenkins was found guilty and fined £250. Considerable criticism of the verdict appeared in the press.
Jenkins, Clive. Power Behind the Screen; Ownership, Control and Motivation in British Commercial Television. London, Macgibbon & Kee, 1961. 288p. J34
Jenkins, Daniel. "Evil Communications: the Responsibility of Controllers." Frontier, 4:131-37, Summer 1961. (A chapter from the author's book, Equality and Excellence: A Christian Commitment on Britain's Life. London, Published for the Christian Frontiers Council by SCM Press, 1961) J35
Criticism of the mass media and their disrespect for the public they are serving. "Those who trade upon the weaknesses of society in the realms of the mind and spirit should not be regarded as its successful leaders, but as members of its shoddy underworld." The author calls not for legal controls, but for a greater public sensitivity and awareness of the behavior of controllers of the mass media.
Jenkins, Iredell. "The Laissez-faire Theory of Artistic Censorship." Journal of the History of Ideas, 5:71-90, January 1944. J36
A critical analysis of the theory of noninterference in the field of artistic endeavor, the laissez-faire theory. The author attempts to define the theory and identify its position in the light of the new role that we expect art to play, that of a part of life for every one, instead of a luxury for a few as in earlier times.
-------. "Legal Basis of Literary Censorship." Virginia Law Review, 31:83-118, December 1944. J37 §
Trends in literary censorship during the past 30 years and a plea for freedom of artistic expression. Special references are made to the Strange Fruit and Esquire cases.
[Jenkins, J. C.]. Decision of Judge J. C. Jenkins of the Court of First Instance for the Judicial District of Manila. Part IV, in the Action for Damages Brought by Dean C. Worcester against the Owners, Directors, Writers, Editors and Administrators of the Newspaper Known as "El Renacimiento y Muling Pagsilang." [Manila, Press of Methodist Publishing House, 1910?]. 23p. J38
Jenkins, Roy. "Obscenity, Censorship, and the Law; the Story of a Bill." Encounter, 13:62-66, October 1959. J39
An account of the five-year struggle for the passage of the 1959 British Obscene Publications Act which allows the law of censorship in literature "to advance beyond the points at which Lord Campbell, in his Act of 1857, and Chief Justice Cockburn, in his Hicklin judgment of 1868, had previously established it."
-------. "Reforming the Censorship." Spectator, 198:372-73, 22 March 1957. J40 §
A member of Parliament discusses the Obscene Publications Bill presently before that body.
Jenks, George M. "J'Accuse!" Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom, 13:13-14, March 1964. (Reprinted from The Australian Library Journal, December 1963) J41 §
The author charges that librarians in Australia have been conspicuous by their absence as opponents of censorship."
Jennison, Peter S. "Censorship: Strategy for Defense." Publishers' Weekly, 185:58-61, 2 March 1964. J42
Advice to booksellers on how to meet attacks by the censors. Jennison advises librarians and booksellers to "make common cause, and whenever possible, in a mutual defense treaty, identify and mobilize their allies in anticipation of attack." The first line of defense, he advises, is the bookseller himself, "his prudence, responsibility and courage."
-------. "The Censorship War on Low-Priced Books." Chicago Sunday Tribune, Magazine of Books, 27 January 1963, p. 2. J43
The popularity, availability, and price of the paperback that makes them so attractive and successful also subjects them to the censor, while the clothbound edition "seldom draws the lightning of censorship."
-------. Freedom to Read. New York, Public Affairs Committee, 1963. 20p. (Public Affairs Pamphlet no. 344) J44
A summary of present efforts in America to restrict freedom to read and what is being done to counteract these threats. Includes discussion of attacks on textbooks, libraries and the censors, the fear of obscenity, and vigilante action.
-------. "Sense and Censorship." Ohio Library Association Bulletin, 33:3-6, 26-28, January 1963. J45
-------. "Today's Challenge to the Book World." Library Journal, 82:2319-25, 1 October 1975. J46
Includes a commentary on the dangers of "anticipatory" censorship.
Jensen, Jay W. "Toward a Solution of the Problem of Freedom of the Press." Journalism Quarterly, 27:399-408, Fall 1950. J47
"After illustrating how the traditional Anglo-American concept of a free press has been undermined by the Romantic Revolt and the Darwin-Einstein revolution, the author suggests a starting point for the reconstruction of its principles with a contemporary framework." Freedom of the press should be more than the absence of restraint and it should encompass all media.
Jensen, William P. Newspaper Libel in Iowa. Lawrence, Kan., University of Kansas, 1940. 92p. (Unpublished Master's Thesis) J48
An analysis of the laws and court decisions pertaining to libel in the state of Iowa, with emphasis upon court decisions involving newspapers. The author finds that Iowa courts have dealt liberally with newspapers involved in libel offenses--truth alone is allowed as a defense in civil suits, a great deal of leniency is given to newspaper comment on public officials and candidates, and considerable latitude is permitted in the coverage of trials.
Jephson, Henry L. The Platform: Its Rise and Progress. New York, Macmillan, 1892. 2 vols. J49
The term "Platform" refers to the public discussion of political issues in England, an institution, the author maintains, ranking in importance with four others--Crown, Lords, Commons, and the Press. This work traces the history of the Platform and public debate of political questions from the middle of the eighteenth century to the end of the nineteenth. Although largely a history of the struggle for free speech, the events parallel those for a free press, beginning with the agitation for John Wilkes, and following with the development of the doctrine of seditious libel, the practices of ex-officio information, the reform brought about by the Fox Libel Act, the prosecutions of seditious writing and speaking (Seditious Meetings Act of 1795) during the period of the French Revolution, the revival of restrictive legislation in 1817 and in 1820, the Roman Catholic emancipation agitation, and the rising power of Press and Platform during the period of reform.
Jessen, Lowell. A Newsman Sees FOI Blind Spots. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1958. 3p. (Publication no. 3) J50 §
A California newspaperman discusses that State's laws permitting secret meetings of state boards and committees, and the successful efforts to remove such clauses. He also discusses the efforts in Washington to combat secrecy. Other blind spots in freedom of the press are the use of news handouts, and the failure of the schools to teach the lessons of American freedom.
Jèze, Gaston P. A. Le Régime juridique de la presse en Angleterre pendant la guerre. 2d ed. Paris, Giard and Brière, 1915. 185p. (Reprinted from issues of Revue du Droit Public et de la Science Politique, 1915-16) J51
British press controls during World War I.
Johansen, Alan H. "Right of Privacy--When Is It Invaded by Publication of News Items and Photographs?" Oregon Law Review, 35:42-50, December 1955. J52
Notes on cases coming before the American courts, 1890-1955.
John Peter Zenger Award Lectures, University of Arizona. Annual Lectures. 1954-date. Tucson, University of Arizona, 1957-date. (The first three lectures are published in one volume; subsequent lectures are published separately) J53
Each annual lecture deals with an aspect of freedom of the press, e. g., the 1958 lecture by John E. Moss on What You Don't Know Will Hurt You; the 1959 lecture by Herbert Brucker on Men In the Dark; the 1960 lecture by Virgil M. Newton, Jr. on The Press and Bureaucracy; the 1961 lecture by Clark R. Mollenhoff on Deadly Dilemma: Defense and Democracy; the 1962 lecture by John C. Colburn on The Press and an Informed Electorate; the 1963 lecture by James B. Reston on The Press in a World of Change; and the 1964 lecture by John Netherland Heiskell on The Newspaper: Keeper of the Community Conscience.
"John Wilkes and the Liberty of the Press." Law Magazine, 22(4th ser.): 213-16, August 1897. J54
An account of the presentation made in 1772 by the City of London of a silver cup to John Wilkes to celebrate his defense of the liberty of the press. The article is accompanied by an illustration and description of the cup, the design, depicting the death of Caesar, having been suggested by Wilkes himself.
Johnsen, Julia E., comp. Freedom of Speech. New York, Wilson, 1936. 317p. (The Reference Shelf, vol. 10, no. 8) J55
Includes three articles on censorship of radio: Louis G. Caldwell, Censorship of Radio from Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, January 1935; E. H. Harris, Shall the Government Own, Operate and Control Radio Broadcasting? from Proceedings of the National Advisory Council on Radio in Education, 1934; and H. V. Kaltenborn, Radio Must Continue Free, from Printers' Ink, February 1935.
-------. Selected Articles on Birth Control. New York, Wilson, 1925. 369p. (Handbook Series) J56
References deal with pros and cons of the debate topic, Resolved: That the dissemination of knowledge and means of contraception should be made legal. Includes a reprinting of chapter 9 from Annie Besant's autobiography dealing with the Bradlaugh-Besant trial over publication of Charles Knowlton's early birth control pamphlet.
Johnson, Alvin W., and Frank H. Yost. Separation of Church and State in the United States. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1948. 279p. J57
Chapter 3, Bible Reading in the Public Schools; chapter 14, Litigation Relating to Bible Reading in the Public Schools; chapter 18, Religion and Freedom of the Press.
Johnson, B. S. "Pi Printers." Censorship, 3:43-45, Summer 1965. J58 §
The censorship practiced by printers in refusing to set a manuscript in type. He cites the case of James Joyce's Dubliners and his own novel, Albert Angelo. Of all those engaged in the book trade, the printer takes the least risk financially.
Johnson, Burges. "More Murmurings of a Common Scold." Harper's Magazine,143:391-94, August 1921. J59
"The greatest danger that lies in the recognition of the rights of censorship is that thoughtless people will grow to believe that any such real right exists." Education is the best protection against any "emanations of diseased minds."
Johnson, C. D. "The Legal Status of the Librarian." Library Journal, 81:1847-52, 1 September 1956. J60
Deals with the legal rights of librarians who face attempts by groups and associations to suppress information. "What are your rights and what can you do as a legal and practical matter to protect yourself and protect the right to free access to all proper types of information?"
Johnson, Caleb. "Franklin on Liberty." American Press, 52(12):5, September 1934. J61
The author reprints, with evidence of its authenticity, a little-known letter from Benjamin Franklin expressing his ideas on freedom of speech. In the eighth letter in the "Silence Dogwood" series, published in no. 49 of the New England Courrant, July 1722, Franklin says in part: "Without Freedom of Thought, there can be no such Thing as Wisdom; and no such Thing as publick Liberty, without Freedom of Speech; which is the Right of every Man, as far as by it, he does not hurt or control the Right of another: And this is the only Check it ought to suffer, and the only Bounds it ought to Know."
Johnson, Claudius O. "Status of Freedom of Expression under the Smith Act." Western Political Quarterly, 11:469-80, September 1958. J62
While a decision of the Supreme Court in the Yates case, 345 U.S. 340 (1957), reversed 33 convictions, the wartime Alien Registration Act of 1940 (Smith Act) is still a threat to unorthodox expression. There is legal uncertainty as to whether the written or spoken word advocating overthrow of government by force contains an actual incitement to action to that end.
Johnson, Donald. "Wilson, Burleson, and Censorship in the First World War." Journal of Southern History, 28:46-58, February 1962. J63
An account of Post Office censorship during World War I, directed by Postmaster General Albert S. Burleson, which went far beyond the wartime needs and suppressed Socialist and liberal newspapers and pamphlets.
Johnson, Dorothy E. "What Price Censorship?" Minnesota Libraries, 17:211-12, September 1953. J64
Censorship is a doubtful method of either reducing the amount of crime or protecting the social order and the "American Way."
Johnson, Edwin H. What Constitutes Libel in Missouri. Columbia, Mo., University of Missouri, 1938. 110p. (Unpublished Master's thesis) J65
Johnson, Eugene I., and L. E. Salisbury "Thought Control in America? Censorship in the News; Cartelized Information." Far Eastern Survey, 15:151-54, 22 May 1946. J66
Johnson, former chief censor in the Chinese Theater in World War II, discusses problems of getting Asian news at the source and warns readers to be aware of the editorial policy of the newspaper or magazine carrying the news. The second article charges newspaper and magazine editors rather than reporters with censoring and coloring news from Asia.
Johnson, F. L. "Obscene Publications, Pictures, and Articles--Whether or Not a Phonograph Record, Containing Obscene, Lewd, and Lascivious Words, Songs, or Other Matter is an Article or Instrument of Indecent or Immoral Use or Purpose Within the Prohibition of Obscenity Statutes." Chicago-Kent Law Review, 28:163-70, March 1950. J67
Many states, because of narrow statutory language, are ill-equipped to punish persons for production and sale of obscene phonograph records; other states with broader statutes and proper legal interpretations can punish such offenses.
Johnson, Franklin. "How Britain's Blacklists and Censorship Affect American Traders." Export Trade & Shipper, 43(4):3-5, 3 March 1941. J68
The publisher of American Exporter, who made up the first U.S. blacklist of enemy firms in World War I, discusses British controls in World War II. He discounts stories of British use of wartime censorship to capture American business. He believes American business can expect greater controls but can learn to live with them.
Johnson, Gerald W. "American Freedom and the Press." In Allen Maxwell, ed., The Present Danger; Four Essays on American Freedom. Dallas, Southern Methodist University Press, 1953, pp. 19-41. J69
A review of the historic development of a free press in America and its importance in the preservation of democracy. "But no freedom exists without a corresponding responsibility. Because I am free to read anything, it becomes my duty to read the truth; and by the same token, it becomes the duty of the newspapers to print it."
-------. "The Devil Is Dead and What a Loss." American Scholar, 16:395-403, Autumn 1947. J70 §
A satirical inquiry as to why censorship should exist in a country that is economically and politically more secure than ever before. The spirit of Puritanism, he finds, "has never been wholly eradicated from the American mind, and it is characteristic of Puritanism that while it may get along comfortably enough without God . . . it has always found the Devil indispensable." Now that Hitler is dead we have created a papier-mâché devil in censorship. "We need one that can be worked on by the F.B.I., the Ku Klux Klan, the American Legion . . ."
-------. "The Freedom of the Newspaper Press." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 200:60-75, November 1938. J71 §
The editor of the Baltimore Sun discusses the constitutional freedom of the press as it is amended and interpreted by court decisions, limitations and controls of advertising, community taboos, the right of privacy, regulation of trade practices (NRA), labor relations (closed shop), and pressures of interest groups. Public apathy is the chief threat to press freedom in America.
-------. "Newspapers on Guard." Atlantic Monthly, 169:156-61, February 1942. J72
"The American press is facing not merely the usual prohibitions that always go into force with the outbreak of hostilities, but positive duties unlike those laid upon it in any previous war."
-------. Peril and Promise: an Inquiry into Freedom of the Press. New York, Harper, 1958. 110p. (Excerpts in Downs, The First Freedom, pp. 88-111) J73
One of America's most distinguished journalists presents a literate and philosophical analysis of press freedom. "A free press is the creature, not the creator of freedom," Johnson asserts. The influence of enlightened readership as well as the courageous efforts of responsible leadership are needed to preserve press freedom. Monopoly and mediocrity are the twin threats that may well invite government controls.
-------. "Unfortunate Necessity." Century Magazine, 112:41-47, May 1926. J74
A résumé of the history of freedom of the press in the United States. If the press is not only to be free but to inspire public confidence it must practice better journalism and eliminate yellow sensationalism.
Johnson, Hubert A. "The Trustee's Role." ALA Bulletin, 57:631-33, July-August 1963. J75 §
A trustee of the Free Library, Wallingford, Pa., calls for strong support of the Library Bill of Rights on the part of public library trustees. Where a compromise on the Library Bill of Rights has been necessary you will generally find weak trustees. "It can be weakness in failing to support a good librarian, or it can be weakness in abiding a librarian who is running scared."
Johnson, Humphrey. "Some Reflections Suggested by Canon 1399." Downside Review, 74:215-27, Summer 1956. J76
Canon law of the Catholic Church dealing with forbidden literature.
Johnson, James D. "We Censors Are Frustrated Humans." Saturday Evening Post, 218(12):34, 22 September 1945. J77
A Post Office censor discusses his problems.
[Johnson, Samuel (c. 1686)]. An Account of the Proceedings against Samuel Johnson: Who was Tryed at the Kings-Bench-Bar, Westminster, For High Misdemeanour: And found Guilty of Writing and Publishing Two Seditious and Scandalous Libels against the Government, on Monday the 21th. of June. 1686. London, Printed for A.M., 1686. broadside (Also reported in Howell, State Trials, vol. 11, p. 1339 ff) J78
For publishing anti-Catholic pamphlets Johnson, a clergyman, was brought to trial, found guilty, and sentenced to be whipped by the common hangman "from Newgate to Tyburn." The ordeal consisted of 317 lashes. In order to avoid the scandal to a clergyman, an ad hoc Ecclesiastical Commission degraded Johnson. In 1689 Parliament declared the trial procedure, including the Ecclesiastical Commission, illegal and the punishment cruel; Johnson was awarded a pension by the king.
[Johnson, Samuel (1709-84)]. A Compleat Vindication of the Licensers of the Stage, from the malicious and scandalous Aspersions of Mr. Brooke, Author of Gustavus Vasa, With a Proposal for making the Office of Licenser more Extensive and Effective. By an Impartial Hand. London, 1739. (Also in his Works, edited by Arthur Murphy, New York, Harper, 1873, vol. 2, pp. 539-44) J79
The first action of the Lord Chamberlain under the 1737 Stage Licensing Act was to ban Henry Brooke's Gustavus Vasa on political grounds ("there was a good deal of liberty in it"), whereupon the sale of the book flourished. Dr. Johnson's satirical pamphlet was directed against the Walpole administration in general and the Stage Licensing Act in particular. "Let the poets remember, when they appear before the licenser, or his deputy, that they stand at the tribunal from which there is no appeal permitted, and where nothing will so well become them as reverance and submission." In conclusion, he suggests that a more sure and silent way to control the spread of ideas without a direct attempt on freedom of the press would be to make it a felony to teach children to read without a license from the Lord Chamberlain.
Johnson, Thomas H. "Jonathan Edwards and the 'Young Folk's Bible.'" New England Quarterly, 5:37-54, January 1932. J80
An account of an investigation in Northampton in 1744 of the widespread but secret reading of a certain volume on midwifery for pornographic purposes, under the guise of sex education for young people.
Johnson, Thomas M. Without Censor; New Light on Our Greatest World War Battles. Indianapolis, Bobbs-Merrill, 1928. 411p. J81
"The war-time version of the war was so often not the true version. The War God slew the maiden Truth to make way for the twin Furies, Censorship and Propaganda. The first lowered before exact and often ugly reality a screen whereon the second threw attractive pictures." In telling the "true story" of American participation in World War I, this New York Sun correspondent with the AEF, describes the ways in which censorship operated to prevent news from France from getting to the American press. A chapter, The Propaganda Front, describes the mechanism of censorship and includes a photograph of the Paris Bourse, "where the blue pencil flourished."
Johnston, Eric. Agreement--Not Compulsion. Washington, D.C., Motion Picture Association of America, 1946. 11p. J82
The president of the Motion Picture Association of America defends the industry's program of self-regulation of movies.
-------. The Freedom to Choose. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1960. 4p. (Publication no. 30) J83 §
In an address before a conference of the Child Study Association, Johnston urges a crusade for freedom of choice instead of censorship. The freedom to accept or reject, to approve or disapprove of movies, radio and television programs, books, or newspapers belongs to the people. Parents have a responsibility to help their children exercise good judgment in selecting their entertainment.
-------. "Report from Europe." Screen Writer, 4(4):4-6, 17-18, October 1948. J84
The president of the Motion Picture Association defends American movies from its critics; he calls for freedom from restrictions on American movies shown abroad.
Jones, Alexander F. "Urges Press Seek Access to Federal Records as Legal Right, Not Favor." Quill, 40(1):7, 16, January 1952. J85
The president of the American Society of Newspaper Editors urges legislation to compel government officials to allow newspapers access to official records.
-------, et al. "How Does Freedom of Information Affect You?" Reviewing Stand, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill., 1951. 11p. (Vol. 17, no. 6) J86
Participants: Alexander F. Jones, president, American Society of Newspaper Editors; Kenneth E. Olson, dean, Medill School of Journalism, Northwestern University; and Tom Wallace, president, Inter American Press Association. James H. McBurny, dean, School of Speech, Northwestern University, was moderator.
George B. DeLuca, and Louis Waldman. "Fair Trial--Free Press: A Panel Discussion." New York State Bar Bulletin, 26:202-25, July 1954. J87
An editor (A. F. Jones), a district attorney (G. B. DeLuca), and the chairman of the Committee on Civil Rights of the New York State Bar Association (Louis Waldman) discuss Canon 20 of the American Bar Association's Canons of Professional Ethics.
Jones, C. H. M. "Censor and Ship News." National Marine, 13:33-38, June 1919. J88
An account of naval censorship in World War I.
Jones, Caroline L. "Censorship in Rural Libraries." Wilson Bulletin, 2:307-11, November 1924. J89
The public libraries in small towns need to resist requests to stock the cheaply-written oversentimental fiction that is flooding the market. While the author recommends a liberal policy in purchasing modern fiction of quality, some extreme works need to be kept off the open shelves and made available only on request. Cheaply written children's work, especially those in series, should be avoided even though children like them. She cites statements of juvenile court officials to the effect that "cheap stories" are a major cause of delinquency.
Jones, Henry A. "After the Censorship Committee." In his Foundations of a National Drama . . . London, Chapman & Hall, [1913], pp. 337-58. J90
A review of censorship of drama in Great Britain since the sittings of the Censorship Committee in the fall of 1909 and up to the fall of 1912. The author repeats his recommendation for an Inspector-General to replace the present Examiner of Plays in the Office of the Lord Chamberlain.
-------. "The Censorship Muddle and a Way Out of It." In his Foundations of a National Drama . . . London, Chapman & Hall, [1913], pp. 282-336. (Also separately published by Chiswick Press, 1909. 58p.) J91
A letter addressed to Herbert Samuel, chairman of the committee to examine the working of the censorship of plays in the United Kingdom (September 1909). Jones recommends the appointment of an Inspector-General, responsible to the Government, but concerned with "indecency" and not "morality." The playgoers themselves should be the judge of the latter.
-------. "The Licensing Chaos in Theatres and Music Halls." In his The Foundations of a National Drama . . . London, Chapman & Hall, [1913], pp. 269-81. J92
A lecture delivered to the National Sunday League, 27 February 1910. "I ask you not to rest until every theatre and music hall in the kingdom has letters patent from you as playgoers to give and perform whatever entertainment the manager may choose, and the audiences may wish to see; the only restriction being that such entertainment shall not be indecent, or dangerous, or harmful to the general public."
Jones, Howard Mumford, ed. Primer of Intellectual Freedom. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1949. 191p. J93
A collection of significant pronouncements in behalf of freedom of inquiry and expression. Includes John Stuart Mill's On the Liberty of Thought and Discusion (1859), Milton's A Speech for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing (1644), Oliver Wendell Holmes's Dissenting Opinions, and Zechariah Chafee's Freedom of Speech in the Constitution.
-------. "Reflection in a Library." Saturday Review, 43: 34+, 9 April 1960. J94
The author explores the position that "the public library is the greatest force for censorship in the country after the postmaster and the police sergeant. . . . A librarian's purchasing power is limited by his budget, the advice he gets from his staff and from professional journals, the policies or prejudices of his governing board, the taste of his clientele, his notion of the needs of the community, the educational policy of the local school board (of which he is never a member), religious pressures, and the reading ability of his clientele."
Jones, John. De Libellis Famosis; or the Law of Libels. London, S. Rousseau, 1812. 73p. J95
Jones, John G., et al. Substance of the Speeches of John Gale Jones delivered at the British Forum, March 11, 18, & 22, 1819, on the . . . Question: "Ought the Prosecutions Instigated against Mr. Carlile . . . for Publication of Paine's Age of Reason, to be Approved . . . or Censured?" London, 1819. (Appeared in various editions) J96
While Richard Carlile awaited trial for publication of Paine's Age of Reason, the British Forum at Westminster debated for three weeks whether the prosecution should be "approved as necessary to prevent the further increase of infidelity, and vindicate the doctrines of Christianity?--or censured as an officious and ill-timed interference on a subject not cognizable before any human tribunal, and an infringement upon the Freedom of Opinion that ought to be exercised upon all topics essential to the welfare and happiness of mankind?" When Carlile continued to publish and sell Age of Reason in defiance of the authorities, the Forum again debated whether Carlile should be "censured as a serious aggravation of his offense" or approved as a "bold and manly perseverance in the cause of reason and truth?" James Mill was among the speakers in the second debate.
Jones, Matt B. Thomas Maule, the Salem Quaker, and Free Speech in Massachusetts Bay. With Bibliographical Notes. Salem, Mass., Essex Institute, 1936. 42p. (Reprinted from Essex Institute Historical Collections, January 1936) J97
Maule was the first person in the Massachusetts province to be prosecuted for the crime of libel. The importation from New York of his Quaker pamphlet, Truth held forth and Maintained, led to Maule's being brought before the Council and eventually the courts. While copies of his work were ordered to be burnt, by adroit reference to the current reaction to the miscarriage of justice in the witchcraft prosecutions, Maule was able to win an acquittal. During the course of his testimony, Maule shocked the court by attempting to prove that the Bible was fallible, having as many errors in it as were in his own work.
Jones, Pierre, et al. "Blueprint from Minnesota; the Rise and Fall of the Bill on Obscene Literature in the 1953 Minnesota Legislature." Library Journal, 78:955-57, 1 June 1953. J98
Jones, Robert W. Journalism in the United States. New York, Dutton, 1947. 728p. J99
A general work on the history of American journalism, especially useful for its extensive quotations and emphasis on recent newspaper history. Chapter 44 deals with censorship in World War I and II and the operation of the Espionage Act.
-------. The Law of Journalism, Including Matters Relating to the Freedom of the Press, Libel, Contempt of Court, Property Rights in News, and Regulation of Advertising. Brooklyn, Metropolitan Law Books, 1940. 395p. J100
A standard textbook including text of law and court cases. Includes a chapter on blasphemous publications.
Jones, Walter E. Legal Problems Involved in Governmental Regulation of Radio Broadcasting. Boulder, Colo., University of Colorado, 1939. 91p. (Unpublished Master's thesis) J101
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