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Ickes, Harold L. America's House of Lords; an Inquiry into Freedom of the Press. New York, Harcourt, Brace, 1939. 214p. I1
The Secretary of the Interior in the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration criticizes the nation's press for its failure to live up to the ethical rules of the American Society of Newspaper Editors. He decries the practice of certain editors who "keep raising the smokescreen of 'Freedom of the Press,' which often amounts to nothing but their freedom to suppress. " The real danger to press freedom, Ickes maintains, is from the "selfish and sinister" interest within the industry itself and not from government interference.
-------, ed. Freedom of the Press Today; a Clinical Examination by 28 Specialists. Assembled, with an Introduction by Harold L. Ickes. New York, Vanguard, 1941. 308p. I2
"Here is an attempt to discover whether, and how, American newspapers perform the obligation imposed upon them when a democratic people wrote into their fundamental law a guarantee of freedom of the press." Do pressure groups--economic, religious, etc.--affect freedom of the press? What role, if any, does advertising play? Is the press merely a business enterprise? Is there a conflict between trying to run a business and serving the public? Leading figures from the newspaper world contribute varying points of view to these and other questions relating to a free press. Contributors are Herbert Agar, Bruce Bliven, Manchester Boddy, Irving Brant, Arthur Capper, William L. Chenery, Raymond Clapper, Kenneth G. Crawford, Richard J. Finnegan, George H. Gallup, J. B. S. Hardman, Ralph Ingersoll, Edward Keating, Freda Kirchwey, Frank Knox, Harold D. Lasswell, Max Lerner, Archibald MacLeish, Vernon McKenzie, Franz B. Noyes, Nelson P. Poynter, Arthur Robb, Louis Stark, J. David Stern, Tom Wallace, William Allen White, A. F. Whitney, and Richard L. Wilson.
I'd Rather Have a Paper Doll. 30 min. color movie. Cincinnati, Citizens for Decent Literature. I3
"The story of a marriage, and how it is jeopardized and finally destroyed by the influence of obscene magazines on the young husband. A penetrating look at the results of pornography on family life and society."
"Idaho Case." Outlook, 103:151-54, 25 January 1913. I4
A summary of the case against the editors of a daily newspaper who were fined and jailed for contempt of court.
Ikuta, Masateru. "Freedom of Speech and Public Welfare." Nieman Reports, 12(4):1-6, December 1958. I5
Self-control of the press is the only satisfactory solution to the dilemma of press freedom versus public welfare.
Iliffe, J. A. "The Australian 'Obscene Publications' Legislation of 1953-55." Sydney Law Review, 2:134-39, January 1956. I6
A summary of the main points of the obscenity legislation.
-------. "Objectionable Literature." Sydney Law Review, 2:374-79, January 1957. I7
Deals with the case, Transport Publishing Co., Ltd., et al. v. Literature Board of Review, the first case to test the new legislation which created a Board of Review in Queensland.
Illinois Legislative Council. Restrictions upon Comic Books. Springfield, Ill., The Council, 1956. 29p. (Bulletin 2-585) I8
Contents: Comic Books and Juvenile Delinquency, Constitutional Issues, Existing Restrictions on Comic Books, Possible Solutions to the Constitutional Problem, State Legislation Aimed at Objectionable Comic Books, Statutory Descriptions of Objectionable Comic Books, Statutory Citations to "Comic Book" Laws.
Illo, John. "The Misreading of Milton." Columbia University Forum, 8(2):38-42, Summer 1965. I9
"The restriction of a conditional, not absolute, freedom of expression for the elect is the main proposition of the Areopagitica . . . The majority perhaps of English intellectuals, surely of European intellectuals . . . are excluded from Milton's tolerance, and the speech for the liberty of unlicensed printing denies the only toleration that means anything, the toleration of radical dissent." The pamphlet, the author charges, has been misread by three centuries of intellectuals. It was not liberal or libertarian even in its time, but a "militant and exclusivist revolutionary pamphlet," a device for maintaining Protestant harmony.
"Imitations." Living Age, 291:494-97, 25 November 1916. I10
The influence of the "cinematograph" on the youth who see the pictures and tend to imitate what they see is discussed in this editorial from The New Statesman. Censorship is not the answer to the complaint that the motion picture is upsetting the morals of the young. Censorships of movies or of books are "defenders not of morals but of conventions." They are "almost always as unintelligent as they are useless."
The Importance of the Liberty of the Press: Shewing How greatly it Affects all Degrees of Men, as well with respect to Religion, as Private Property and National Liberty. Being Six Papers, publish'd in the Old England, began November 28, 1747; and now reprinted. London, M. Cooper, 1748. 36p. I11
"Impropriety in Plays and Revues; a Warning by the Lord Chamberlain." Justice of the Peace, 79:236, 15 May 1915. I12
"Impurity, Vulgarity, Obscenity." Woodhull & Claflin's Weekly, 23 October 1875. I13 §
Vulgarity and obscenity is not of the body but is in the mind of those who make complaints about it. An editorial in this New York libertarian paper, edited and published by the controversial sisters, Victoria C. Woodhull and Tennessee Claflin.
"In Defense of Liberty, Macfadden's Arrest." Physical Culture, 17:301-2, April 1917. I14
An account of the arrest of Bernarr Macfadden, publisher of Physical Culture, for alleged obscenities in this journal.
"In the Interpreter's House." American Magazine, 76:92-93+, August 1913. I15
Review of a study of motion pictures recently conducted in Cleveland. The editor of American Magazine disapproves of censorship except that which is self-imposed by the motion picture exhibitors. The best guarantee of good shows is public opinion in their behalf.
Inbau, Fred E., ed. Free Press--Fair Trial. A Report of the Proceedings of a Conference on Prejudicial News Reporting in Criminal Cases. Evanston, Ill., Northwestern University School of Law and Medill School of Journalism, 1954. 202p. I16
"Indecency in the Public Press." Law Times, 52:171, 6 January 1872. I17
Calls for the extension of Lord Campbell's Act to cover reporting of scandalous affairs in the daily press.
"Indecent Publications Tribunal: The First Decision." New Zealand Libraries, 27:62-63, April 1964. I18
The Indecent Publications Tribunal, following a public hearing, decided that James Baldwin's novel, Another Country, was not indecent and refused to place restrictions on its free circulation.
"Independence for Editors." New Republic, 16:61-63, 17 August 1918. I19
The purchase of the New York Evening Post by Thomas W. Lamont prompts this discussion of the effect of ownership on control of editorial policy. The author suggests how a newspaper owner can guarantee a free editorial policy and still retain financial control.
"Independence of the American Press." Army and Navy Chronicle, 11:72, 30 July 1840. I20
An editorial declaring that American newspapers cannot exist as free institutions; they must espouse a cause or support a political party if they are to be financially successful.
"The Index Crosses the Atlantic." Independent, 65:724-26, 24 September 1908. I21
Commentary on the announcement by the Catholic Church, emanating from Rome, which condemned articles in the New York Review. Rome is now attempting to ban "modernist heresy" in America as it has done in Europe.
"Indirect Censorship of Radio Programs." Yale Law Journal, 40:967-73, April 1931. I22
Although the Federal Communications Commission may have no power to scrutinize and reject programs prior to their release, "the power to revoke or refuse the renewal of a license is in many cases so effective a means of 'censorship' as to make unconvincing any legalistic distinction between 'previous restraint' and a refusal to renew a license because of the character of past programs."
"Information et propagande." Renaissances (Paris), 20:3-55, April 1946. I23
A group of articles dealing with conflicting ideas over freedom of information in the UN. One of the papers, Un Explosiv Dangereux: la Liberté de la Press by Géraud Jouve, concerns the ideological conflict between the USSR and the United States. The prewar capitalist liberal ideal of press freedom, the writer believes, will not satisfy the postwar generation in Europe. The press that came out of the resistance tends to reject the right of anyone who has the funds to found and exploit a journal.
Ingersoll, Ralph, et al. "Time; the Weekly Fiction Magazine." Fact, 1:3-23, January-February 1964. I24 §
"At Fact's invitation, celebrities from all walks of life tell of their bitter experiences with Time's distortions, omissions, and lies." Comments from Ralph Ingersoll, Irving Shaw, Mary McCarthy, Dwight Macdonald, Sloan Wilson, Igor Stravinsky, James Gould Cozzens, Tallulah Bankhead, P. G. Woodhouse, Bertrand Russell, John Osborne, Taylor Caldwell, Vincent Price, Burgess Meredith, Senator John McClellan, and others.
Ingersoll, Robert G. Liberty in Literature, Testimonial to Walt Whitman . . . An Address Delivered in Philadelphia, Oct. 21, 1890 . . . New York, Truth Seeker, 1890. 77p. I25
-------. Trial of C. B. Reynolds for Blasphemy at Morristown, N.J., May 19th and 20th, 1887. Defense by Robert G. Ingersoll. New York, C. P. Farrell, 1899. 84p. (The Agnostic Library, vol. 1, no. 5) I26
Reynolds, a free-thought lecturer, was accosted by a mob during a New Jersey lecture tour. In a subsequent engagement in Morristown, N.J., he circulated a satirical pamphlet describing the attack against him. He was brought to trial, convicted, and fined for issuing a blasphemous work. Ingersoll served as defense attorney.
Ingle, Lorne. "Control of the Press." Alberta Law Quarterly, 3:127-30, April 1939. I27
A discussion of Alberta's 1937 press act which would have given the government power of complete control over the press, had it not been declared ultra vires by the Supreme Court of Canada. The "gag" act was aimed at suppressing Communist doctrine.
Inglis, Brian. "Freedom of the Press." Spectator, 194:725-26, 10 June 1955. Reply by R. A. Paget-Cooke, Spectator, 194:769, 17 June 1955. I28
Three threats to freedom of the press are: advertising, the State, and labor troubles. Inglis complains of official press officers and PRO's.
-------. The Freedom of the Press in Ireland, 1784-1841. London, Faber, [1950?]. 256p. (Studies in Irish History, vol. 6) I29
The work traces the course of relations between press and state in Ireland from 1784, when statutory limitations were first enacted, until the end of the tranquil Whig administration in 1841, when the threat of rebellion brought press and state into conflict. It is based on research in contemporary newspapers and periodicals as well as state papers and manuscripts.
-------."Smuggled Culture." Spectator, 189:726, 28 November 1952. (Reprinted in Downs, The First Freedom, pp. 402-4) I30 §
The author discusses the work of the Irish Censorship of Publications Board which has brought ridicule from the literary world. He sees no real demand for the abolition of censorship in Ireland, unless the government, sensitive to ridicule, feels that it has had enough.
Inglis, Ruth A. Freedom of the Movies; a Report on Self-Regulation from the Commission on Freedom of the Press. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1947. 241p. I31
This special report from the Commission on Freedom of the Press analyzes the system of self-regulation by means of which the motion picture industry avoids outside censorship. It discusses the nature of the pressures on the movie industry from within and without and how they have been met by the Production Code. The author recommends the use of antitrust action, the application of "freedom of the press" principles to the movies, and the establishment of a National Advisory Board (public) to propose change in the motion picture code.
-------. "Freedom to See and Hear: Movies." Survey Graphic, 35:477-81, 506-7, December 1946. I32
The author considers the barriers both within the movie industry and outside that prevent a realization of the screen's greatest potential. Films both of fact and fiction can make for increased understanding and tolerance between peoples.
-------. "Need for Voluntary Self-Regulation." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 254:153-59. November 1947. I33
A member of the research staff of the Commission on Freedom of the Press discusses the history, problems, and possible future of what she calls "private monopoly censorship" of the movies.
Inglis, William. "Morals and Moving Pictures." Harper's Weekly, 54:12-13, 30 July 1910. I34
"The interesting work of the newly established Board of Censors which passes upon the films intended for exhibition in the 7,500 moving picture houses where five million Americans seek their chief theatrical diversion."
Ingram, Brian R. "New Light on Lear." Assistant Librarian, 49:204-6, December 1956. I35
In this whimsical article the author discovers in the "seemingly meaningless and innocuous limerick" of Edward Lear, evidence of Communist and other radical doctrine, which he illustrates with quotations.
"Intellectual Hospitality." Truth Seeker, 38:281, 6 May 1911. I36 §
The author maintains that liberty includes the right to use scurrilous language. The article was prompted by the Mockus blasphemy trial.
"Intent and Motive as Bearing on Obscene Publications." Solicitors' Journal, 21:666-67, 30 June 1877. I37
An editorial opposing the requirement of "wicked intent" as a factor in obscenity convictions. The editor favors the ruling in the case of Queen v. Hicklin.
Inter American Press Association. Committee on Freedom of the Press. Report of the Committee on Freedom of the Press. San Juan, Puerto Rico, The Association, 1962. various paging. mimeo. I38
This first report of the Committee, prepared for consideration by the Board of Directors of the Association, contains an introduction summarizing press freedom or lack of it in the various states of North and South America. Following are reports on each of the countries, including a 20-page report on the suppression of the press in Cuba, prepared by the National Association of Newsmen in Exile; a 7-page report on the Dominican Republic, which has finally achieved press freedom; and a report on radio censorship in Puerto Rico. This voluntary organization of western newspaper publishers and editors grew out of the First Pan-American Congress of Journalists, meeting in Washington, D.C., 1926. The organization, which alternates its meetings between Latin American states and the United States, has frequently turned its attentions to press freedom, notably in the battle for La Prensa of Buenos Aires.
-------. Report of the Committee on Freedom of the Press. Mexico City, The Association, 1964. 28p. mimeo. (Report to the XX General Assembly, October 1964. Doc. 18) I39 §
Following a general survey of the freedom or lack of freedom in the press of the Americas from the period 21 November 1963 to 21 October 1964, detailed reports are made of the state of the press in each of the American nations. The reports indicate there is no freedom of the press in Bolivia, Honduras, Cuba, Haiti, and Paraguay. During the year freedom of the press was resumed in Guatemala. A lengthy section on the United States indicates there is freedom of the press, but notes certain threats that exist, including the threat of the International Typographical Union to control the printing facets of computer operation.
-------. Report of the Committee on Freedom of the Press. San Diego, Calif., The Association, 1965. 34p. mimeo. (Report to the XXI General Assembly, October 1965. Doc. 16E) I40 §
As with earlier reports, brief statements describe the freedom or lack of freedom in Latin American countries, Canada, and the United States. There are lengthy statements on Argentina (freedom) and the Dominican Republic (lack of freedom).
Interchurch World Movement of North America. Public Opinion and the Steel Strike; Supplementary Reports of the Investigators to the Commission of Inquiry . . . New York, Harcourt, Brace, 1921. 346p. I41
This report deals with the treatment of the Pittsburgh steel strike of 1919-20 by the various media of communications. Chapter II by M. K. Wisehart of the New York Evening Sun deals with the role of the Pittsburgh newspapers in covering the strike. The Commission of distinguished Protestant churchmen found that the papers accepted advertising relating to the strike without regard to its truth, represented strikers as radicals, were silent on the grievances of workers and on denials of free speech and assembly, published misleading statistics, published only the employers' point of view on violence, and supressed "news whose tendency would have been to inspire a fair-minded examination of repressive conditions in the Pittsburgh district." The Commission was headed by Bishop Francis J. McConnell of the Methodist Church.
International Juridical Association. Ordinance Restricting Leaflet Distribution; an Analysis of the Ordinances and Court Decisions. New York, American Civil Liberties Union, 1937. 12p. (Reprinted from the Association's Bulletin, June 1937) I42
International Neo-Malthusian Bureau of Correspondence and Defence. Memorandum concerning the prosecution of Mrs. Margaret H. Sanger of New York, U.S.A., for her advocacy of Birth Control and her issue of a Pamphlet entitled "Family Limitation" describing various methods of restricting families. [London? 1915?]. 8p. I43
International Press Institute. Government Pressures on the Press. Zurich, The Institute, 1956. 130p. (IPI Survey, no. 4) I44
A survey of pressures on the press, based on law and on such economic and political factors as subsidies and bribes, newsprint distribution, advertising, and trade unions. Fifty-three countries, including United States and Great Britain, are covered. Countries of authoritarian ideologies are excluded.
-------. I.P.I. Report, Zurich, The Institute, May 1952-date. Monthly. I45
Bulletin of the Institute contains world news regarding freedom and responsibility of the press.
-------. Improvement of Information. Zurich, The Institute, 1952. 32p. (IPI Survey, no. 1) I46
A basic objective of the International Press Institute, an agency recommended by UNESCO and supported with grants from Ford and Rockefeller Foundations, is a broadening and strengthening of the flow of news among all peoples. A questionnaire completed by editors from 41 countries where the press is relatively free from government control reveals 3 major problems: (1) barriers to the flow of news erected by totalitarian countries, (2) shortage of newsprint and its prohibitive price, and (3) the heavy toll of cable charges which are beyond the scope of newspapers in many countries of the world.
-------. Press Councils and Press Codes. 4th ed. Zurich, The Institute, 1966. 134p. I47
The first part of the study examines the working of press councils and courts of honor in 18 countries, including United Kingdom, United States, Canada, India, and South Africa. The second part gives the texts of 3 international codes of ethics--UN Draft International Code of Ethics, Declaration of Principles on the Conduct of Journalists of the International Federation of Journalists, and Code of Journalistic Press Association. Text of 17 internal codes are given including Australia, Canada, India, South Africa, United Kingdom, and United States.
-------. Professional Secrecy and the Journalist. Zurich, The Institute, 1962. 242p. (IPI Survey, no. 6) I48
"In undertaking this study of professional secrecy, the International Press Institute has turned for detailed reports to authorities within representative countries. On the basis of their own special familiarity with the indigenous conditions and circumstances, they have in each case provided information bearing upon the journalist's right, or lack of right, to protect his sources." Reports from 20 countries (including Canada, United Kingdom, and United States) include summaries of the law, court decisions, custom, and ethical codes. Part two consists of views of the profession on the subject of professional secrecy, as determined by response to a questionnaire.
International Writers' Conference. Edinburgh International Festival. [Proceedings . . . Thursday 23rd August, 1962]. Edinburgh, The Conference, 1962. 27p. mimeo. (Bound with proceedings for 20, 21, 22, 24 August. Separate paging; common title page) I49
This session of the five-day conference, under the chairmanship of Mary McCarthy, was devoted to an informal discussion of censorship. Participants included Dutch writer Jacques den Haan and German publisher Hans Robart (he considered censorship of Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer), William Burroughs, Norman Mailer (he played the devil's advocate), Stephen Spender, Colin MacInnes, Maurice Girodius, Van Het Reve (he discussed pornography), Henry Miller, Lawrence Durrell, Erich Fried, Muriel Spark (a Roman Catholic writer who recommended abolishing the Index), Rebecca West, Alexander Reid, Marian Frieman (she discussed South African censorship), and an unidentified man from the audience who introduced himself as a professional "ex-pornographer." At an earlier session (Wednesday, 22 August) Alan Paton, who was prevented from attending by the withdrawal of his passport, sent a message on censorship in South Africa.
Inter-University Case Program. The Regional Director and the Press. Washington, D.C., The ICP, 1952. 4p. (ICP Case Series, no. 5). (Also in Harold Stein, Public Administration and Policy Development, New York, Harcourt, Brace, 1952, pp. 741-45) I50
"This case deals with alleged partiality on the part of the National Labor Relations Board Regional Director for the 9th Region, a partiality that in the view of the Committee's investigator had led the Regional Director to suppress or tamper with the free flow of news at its source."
"Invalidity of Ordinance Imposing Absolute Criminal Liability on Bookseller Possessing Obscene Material." New York University Law Review, 35:1086-91, May 1960. I51
Case notes on Smith v. California, 361 U.S. 147 (1959).
Ireland. Department of Justice. Censorship of Films Act, 1923-5. Statement of Receipts and Expenditures from 1st December, 1923, to 21st March, 1930. Dublin. Stationery Office, 1930. I52
-------. Department of Justice. Committee on Evil Literature. Report. Dublin, Stationery Office, 1927. 20p. (Reports 34) I53
Ireland (Eire). Department of Justice. Censorship of Publications Board. Register of Prohihited Publications. Dublin, Stationery Office, 1931?-date. Revised periodically, usually annually. Title varies. I54
Published by the Censorship of Publications Board in accordance with directions of the Minister for Justice, pursuant to the Censorship of Publications Acts of 1929 and 1946. The 1961 edition (431 pages) is in two sections: (1) alphabetical list of prohibited books, and (2) alphabetical list of prohibited periodicals. Among the authors with books banned are Ernest Hemingway, John Dos Passos, William Faulkner, William Saroyan, C. P. Snow, Robert Penn Warren, Sinclair Lewis, Aldous Huxley, Arthur Koestler, H. G. Wells, Dylan Thomas, Emile Zola, and Morris Ernst. The catalog of the Irish Stationery Office lists various forms available for complaints against books and periodicals under the Censorship of Publications Act, and for use in appeals by author or publisher.
-------. Report of the Censorship of Publications Board and of the Censorship of Publications Appeal Board. Dublin, Stationery Office, 1946-date. Annual. I55
"The Irish Press Prosecution." Solicitors' Journal, 12:223-24, 10 January 1868. I56
The prosecution of the editor of The Irishman for seditious libel prompts this general discussion of British libel laws.
"An Irish War on Immoral Prints." Literary Digest, 44:430, 2 March 1912. I57
"'Vigilance committees' in Limerick, Cork, Dublin, and elsewhere in Ireland are carrying on a vigorous crusade against 'immoral literature,' generally in the shape of certain objectionable English periodicals."
Irvis, K. Leroy. "Influencing of Jurors by Publication." University of Pittsburg Law Review, 15:640-43, Summer 1954. I58
Notes on the case, Hoffman v. Perrucci, 117 F. Supp. 38 E.D. Pa. (1953), relates to the publication of four newspaper advertisements.
Irwin, James W. "Radio Should Fight for Greater Freedom." Broadcast, 24(26):28, June 1943. I59
A public relations counselor calls for a concentrated industry campaign to guard the independence of broadcasting.
Irwin, Leonard B. "Group Pressure and Censorship." Social Studies, 40:178-79, April 1949. I60
"The inevitable effect of these attempts at private censorship will be not only to endanger the right of free speech for everyone, but to bring upon these minorities the very kind of attitude they are seeking to avoid."
"Is Any Book Legally Obscene Anymore?" Life, 55:8, 27 September 1963. I61
"Is Censorship Fair to Teens?" Ingenue, 5(4):72-74, April 1963. I62
The article "distinguishes between censorship in its broadest sense, as practiced in Russia, and that which many small groups try to impose because of their own self interest, both of which it condemns as alien to the American idea of freedom of the press."
"Is Censorship Useless as a Weapon Against Literary Obscenity?" Current Comment, 56:298-99, April 1914. I63
Pros and cons from the American press. Lucian Cary of the Chicago Evening Post is quoted as writing: "The evils of censorship are certain even though its benefits doubtful. . . . There is only one way to discover the truth about an idea. That way is to set it free to fight for its life with other ideas. One idea can destroy another; nothing else can. But a dangerous idea is doubly dangerous for being suppressed. There have been superstitions which have persisted for ages simply because they have never been permitted to come out into the open and be destroyed."
"Is Criminal Libel Freedom of the Press?" Outlook, 91:415-16, 27 February 1909. I64
An editorial concerning indictments against the New York World and the Indianapolis News for publishing libelous allegations against Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, Charles P. Taft, Douglas Robinson, William Nelson Cromwell, Elihu Root, and J. Pierpont Morgan in statements about the purchase of the Panama Canal rights. The editorial is critical of newspapers for slandering honest men on "framed-up" charges under the pretense of freedom of the press.
"Is Government Control of Wireless Intended?" Scientific American, 117:116, 3 February 1917. I65
Navy-sponsored legislation for government ownership and control of radio communictions is opposed in this editorial.
Is Limitation of the Family Immoral? Judgment on Annie Besant's "Law of Population." Delivered in the Supreme Court of New South Wales by Mr. Justice Windeyer. London, Freethought Publishing Co., 1889. 26p. I66
"Is the Censor Coming?" New Republic, 49:344-45, 16 February 1927. I67
Comments on pressures for censorship arising from the sordid coverage of the Peaches and Daddy Browning case and the "homosexual comedy-drama," The Drag. The author calls for the theater to provide its own internal control and for the press to assume public responsibility. Censorship, imposed from without, is thoroughly undesirable.
"Is the Censorship of Boooks Justified?" Library Assistant, 7:152-53, May 1910. I68
A debate held during a meeting of the Yorkshire Branch of the Library Assistants Association, in which N. Treliving (Leeds) took the affirmative and A. J. Hawkes (Leeds) the negative.
Isaacs, Norman. "Free Press and Fair Trial." Frontier, 16(11):8-10, September 1965. I69
The controversy over free press v. free trial often is the result of careless police reporting that is unfair to the defendant. Thoughtful reporting might eliminate the problem.
Ishill, Joseph, et al. Theodore Schroeder, an Evolutionary Psychologist . . . An Extract from "A New Concept of Liberty" Including Three Unpublished Letters by Harold L. Ickes, Forest Frazier, and Dr. Ben L. Reitman. Berkeley Heights, N.J., Oriole Press, 1964. 19p. I70
Eulogies in behalf of the pioneer leader in freedom of expression, including an article, A Maverick Psychologist by Maynard Shipley, reprinted from The New Humanist, March-April 1933. Ishill's biography of Schroeder first appeared in A New Concept of Liberty, published by The Oriole Press in 1940.
Issue: Censorship. Berkeley, Calif. The Coordinating Council of the United Campus Christian Fellowship, vol. 1, no. 1, Winter 1963. I71 §
The first issue of this "journal of opinion" devoted to the discussion of controversial issues "arising from our commitment and life within the Christian community," is given over to censorship. It contains the following essays: The American As Moral Censor by William L. O'Neill; The Christian and Censorship: Some General Principles by Arnold B. Come; Aspects of Southern Censorship by John E. Rinehart, Jr., and Tom L. Beauchamp, III; Indirect Censorship--Does It Mean Anything? by Raymond W. McNamee, Jr.; and The Right to Censor: A Lockian View by Benning P. Cook.
"It Happened in Pasadena." California Librarian, 14:89-90, December 1952. I72
A statement by Paul G. Hoffman before the Los Angeles Board of Education in behalf of providing UNESCO materials in the Los Angeles schools; resolutions of the Board of Education on the matter, and a resolution of the California Library Association opposing censorship or elimination of books and materials on subjects relating to UNESCO from classrooms and libraries.
"It's a Bad, Bad Book." New Republic, 34:34-35, 7 March 1923. I73
A criticism of the practice of censors in considering passages out of context.
Iversen, William. The Pious Pornographers. New York, Morrow, 1963. 214p. I74
The title of this book of irreverent essays is taken from the first essay which exposes the obsession of women's magazines in America with sexual themes--"how to muss up the marriage bed and keep one's mate aroused." Another essay, Sex, State and the Sin-Snoopers, treats of the suppression of sex expression in Soviet Russia. "As a result of more than forty years of censorship and state control of every aspect of art, literature and information, it is literally impossible for the average Russian to be sexually stimulated by anything he reads, sees, or hears within the confines of his official culture." Both Americans and Russians exhibit "a similar prudish desire to suppress sexuality by a masochistic denial of the flesh."
Ives, Sumner. "Five Hundred Years of Censorship." Forum (University of Houston), 4(4):16-19, Spring-Summer 1964. I75
"The areas in which censorship have been imposed have been, in order, religion, government, and artistic expression. The continuing question has been what constituted danger in each area. The trend has been toward a more and more liberal interpretation of this question. The means has largely been shifted from public law to private pressure. And, so far as one can tell, no attempts at censorship have permanently prevented the dissemination of knowledge or of that which has artistic merit."
Iyengar, K. R. Srinivasa. "Literature and Pornography." In his The Adventure of Criticism. Bombay, Asia Publishing House, 1962, pp. 662-67. (Essay first appeared in Bhavan's Journal, 1959) I76
"Literature can present sex or vice or perversion, and yet remain literature, so long as these are imaginatively seized and fully consumed in the whole design. . . . Literature that boldly and purposefully describes those aspects of human experience over which polite society feels compelled to throw a blanket of silence is a kind of strong meat which may conceivably injure weak or diseased stomachs, but these risks of indigestion are the necessary concomitants of all good things."
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