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Hullfish, H. Gordon. "Indirect Censorship." Educational Leadership, 14:511, May 1957 (Reprinted in Education Digest, October 1957) H405
The author objects to the suggestion that free propaganda and promotional material furnished to teachers should be consigned to the wastebasket. Free material should be admitted or rejected on the same terms as other material in a classroom--whether or not it contributes to the educative function. "We shall not serve education well by blacklisting (and to withhold is to blacklist by default) writings we do not approve, especially when these writings have been widely publicized."
Hullinger, Edwin W. "Free Speech for Talkies?" North American Review, 227:737-43, June 1929. H406
"How the lately quiescent problem of State film censorship has been revived in acute form since the silver screen found its synchronized tongue." Comments on the "intramural" censorship of the industry, set up to ward off the state censor. The author asks:Why should the movies and talkies be subjected to a supervision that magazines, playwrights, and comic strip artists escape?
Hulme, Harold. "The Winning of Freedom of Speech by the House of Commons." American Historical Review, 61:825-53, July 1956. H407
An essay whose purpose is "to trace in detail the course of the quarrel between the Commons and King James I and to show precisely how and when freedom of speech was won by the members of the lower House."
"An Humble Inquiry." Nation, 107:362, 5 October 1918. H408
Editorial criticizing the Post Office ban of two issues of the Truth Seeker for referring to the YMCA as a commercial organization. The action was taken under the Espionage Act which the courts had interpreted as covering the work of voluntary religious and humanitarian organizations engaged in war work.
Hume, David. "Of the Liberty of the Press." In his Philosophical Works, Boston, Little, Brown, 1854, vol. 3, pp. 6-10; also in his Essays, Moral, Political and Literary, edited by T. H. Green and T. H. Grose, London, Longmans, 1907. vol. I, pp. 94-98. (Originally published in 1742) H409
Hume cites the unique freedom of the press enjoyed by the English, which he believes is derived from the mixed form of government--monarchical and republican--with republican dominating. This situation creates a mutual watchfulness and jealousy which promotes freedom. Reading, he states, is a rational way for considering controversial ideas in public affairs. Liberty of the press, even if abused, "can scarce ever excite popular tumults in rebellion." Hume believes that sedition and libel laws "are at present as strong as they possibly can be made." To go beyond this would be a violation of English liberty.
Humphreys, Robert. "How Your News is Censored." Saturday Evening Post, 215 (13):16-17, 113-14, 26 September 1942. H410
How the wartime Office of Censorship works.
Hunnings, Neville M. ["Film Censorship]: Great Britain." Censorship, 2:8-11, Spring 1965. H411 §
"Film censorship in Britain is a peculiar amalgam of historical accident and a lurching attempt to resolve all the conflicting interests and pressures. The powers of the local authorities to license cinemas was given them to stop fire risk, while their power to supervise the content of the films shown in them is a legacy from the law governing music halls." Under the Cinematograph Act of 1952 all commercial film is subject to censorship under power held by the county councils which have in effect "delegated the task of viewing and classifying to a private body which is appointed by the film industry but is formally responsible only to itself."
-------. ["Film Censorship]: India." Censorship, 2:23-25, Spring 1965. H412 §
While the conduct of film censorship in India raises little complaint from the trade, it is "one of the strictest in the world, both in the wide ranging numbers and the particular criteria followed by the individual censor." If film censorship were challenged by the courts it is likely that they would adopt the attitude that so long as there were adequate procedural safeguards against abuse and the right of appeal, the principle of censorship would be upheld as a reasonable restriction on free expression.
Hunscot, Joseph. The Humble Petition and Information of Joseph Hunscot, Stationer, to both the Hon. Houses of Parliament Now Assembled, against Divers Scandalous Libels . . . [London, 1646]. H413
Hunt, Frederick K. The Fourth Estate; Contribution toward a History of Newspapers, and of the Liberty of the Press. London, David Bogue, 1850. 2 vols. H414
One of the earliest general histories of the English newspaper press. Volume one ends with 1800; volume two covers from 1800 to 1850. The author succeeded Dickens as editor of the Daily News and took an active part in the fight against the newspaper tax. The detailed provisions of the tax are given in this work. Chapter 3 deals with the early struggles of the press, including the origin of censorship and licensing and the Star Chamber persecutions of Leighton and Prynne. Chapter 4 discusses the press during the Commonwealth and the Restoration, including Milton's plea for unlicensed printing, the trial and fate of Twyn, and Roger L'Estrange as censor. Chapter 5 includes the trial of Tutchin, the stamp act, and the case of John Wilkes. Chapter 6 covers the period of 1788 to 1800 and includes the numerous prosecutions for libel including that of Thomas Paine. Chapter 7 includes a discussion of the trials of Peltier Hunt, Cobbett, Carlile, and the repeal of the taxes on knowledge. Chapter 11 includes a discussion of the early restrictions on reporting of parliamentary debates.
Hunt, Joel A. "French Texts and American Editors." French Review, 28 :241-45, January 1955. H415
Many American editors of French texts "do not hesitate to expurgate and, in some cases, even to rewrite phrases or passages which they judge offensive."
[Hunt, John]. Report of the Trial of the King v. John Hunt, for a libel on the House of Commons, in the Examiner; Tried in the King's Bench, February 21st, 1821. The Defence Verbatim, with a Preface, being an Answer to the Attorney-General's Reply. By Henry L. Hunt The Son of the Defendant. London, Printed for William Hone, 1821. 40p. (Also in Macdonell. Report of State Trials, vol. 1, p. 1367) H416
Hunt, the proprietor of the Examiner was charged on an "information" with libeling the members of the House of Commons in an article which he wrote and published in his paper. Commenting on the attitude of the House toward the king's marital affairs, Hunt accused its members of being "venal borough-mongers, grasping placemen, greedy adventurers . . . in short, containing a far greater portion of public criminals than public guardians." Hunt defended himself by citing incidents of corruption and misconduct of members, some evidence gathered from the records of the Parliament itself. He was found guilty and imprisoned for one year. This was John Hunt's fifth arrest for attacking a public abuse; and the second prison sentence. He was at liberty only a short while before being convicted for a third offense.
[-------]. "Trial of John Hunt for publishing a seditious libel, on January 15, 1824, before Abbott, C. J., and a special jury." In Macdonell, Report of State Trials, vol. 2, pp. 69-103. H417 §
Hunt was brought to trial for publishing a "defamatory libel" concerning the late king (Byron's Vision of Judgment). This was the first indictment during this period for publishing a poem and the last inspired by the Constitutional Association, then on its last legs. Byron, who relished the controversy, died a few months after the prosecution. Hunt was found guilty, but unlike earlier offenses for which he served prison sentences, he was merely fined.
[-------, and Leigh Hunt]. The King vs. John and Leigh Hunt. A Report of the Trial "The King vs. John and Leigh Hunt," for a Libel on the Prince Regent: before Lord Ellenborough and a Special Jury, at the Sittings in the Court of King's Bench, Westminster, on Wednesday, December 9, 1812 . . . London, Mr. Jones, 1812. 25p. H418
The Hunt brothers, editors of the Examiner, had been acquitted in 1811 of the charge of seditious libel for criticizing military flogging. In December 1812 they were found guilty of libel on the Prince Regent and sentenced by Lord Ellenborough to two years in different prisons. The offending article had referred to the Prince as "an Adonis of fifty," a libertine, and a man who had just closed half a century without one single claim on the gratitude of his country or the respect of posterity. Brougham appeared for the defendants. The Hunt trial is also reported in the no. 6 issue of Wooler's The Republican.
[-------]. The Prince of Wales V. the Examiner. A Full Length Report of the Trial of John and Leigh Hunt, Proprietors of the Examiner . . . Decided by Lord Ellenborough, and a Special Jury, in the King's Bench, Westminster, on Wednesday, the 9th of December, 1812. To Which are added Observations on the Trial, by the Editor of the Examiner . . . London, [1813?]. 63p. H419
Hunt, Leigh. The Autobiography of Leigh Hunt. Edited by J. E. Morpurgo. London, Cressett Press, 1948.512p. H420
In 1813 Leigh Hunt and his brother, John, were sentenced to two years' imprisonment for libel against the Prince Regent in articles in the Examiner. The episode is described in chapters 13 and 14.
Hunter, [Robert, plaintiff]. Great Libel Case. [Dr. Hunter v. Pall Mall Gazette.] Being a Verbatim Report of the Medical Evidence Given by Dr. Williams [and others] etc. Showing Their Opinions on the nature, Causes and Cure of Consumption, With Explanatory Remarks by Dr. Hunter, the Plaintiff: London, C. Mitchell, 1867.404p. H421
Hunter, William A. Blasphemy Laws: Should They Be Abolished ? Plymouth, Eng., Association for the Repeal of the Blasphemy Laws, 1884.23p. H422
A draft of a law repealing the blasphemy laws of England is given on the last page.
-------. Past and Present of the Heresy Laws. London, Freethought Publishing Co., 1878.23p. H423
The author was professor of jurisprudence, University College London, and had been counsel for Edward Truelove in his trial for blasphemy.
Huntington, Henry S. "The Philadelphia Book Seizures." elation, 167:205-7, 21 August 1948. H424
An account of the wholesale book seizures in Philadelphia of some 2,000 copies of 1 8 different titles (including Rain tree Country, Studs Lonigan, and Never Love a Stranger) seized without warrant by the police under a provision of the Pennsylvania law allowing police to take possession of obscene literature on sight.
Huntington, Trumbull. "Censorship: A Bookseller's View." Publishers' Weekly, 185:57-58,2 March 1964. H425
Hurd, John C. The Law of Freedom and Bondage in the United States. Boston, Little, Brown, 1858-62.2 vols. H426
Includes references to acts passed to prevent distribution of abolitionist propaganda.
Hurl but, E. P. Liberty of Printing: an Address at Second Annual Congress of the National Liberal League at Syracuse, Oct. 26, 1878. 22p. (Truth Seeker Tract no. 1 5o) H427 §
Judge Hurlbut of Albany, N.Y., speaks in favor of federal legislation excluding obscenity from the mails. He defends the right of the federal government to enact obscenity laws and argues for the need of such laws to prevent licentiousness of the press. He offers a draft obscenity statute with a clause that would exclude from censorship serious works an treatise even though "if carried into practice would have a bad influence on society." T. B. Wake man's reply is given in the same tract
Hurleigh, R. F. Should the News Be Censored ? Evanston, Ill., Northwestern University on the Air: The Reviewing Stand, 1945.12p. H428
Hurley, Richard J. "Talking Shop: [Book Selection in Senior High Schools]." Catholic Library World, 3 5: 467-68, March 1964. H429
The supervisor of school libraries, Fairfax, Va., objects to assigned reading of such books as Steinbeck's Grapes of Wrath, and Dreiser's American Tragedy. He suggests that librarians buy such "controversial" books if they are requested by classroom teachers but that the books not be added to the library. Eric Moon replies to the article in the Library Journal, 15 May 1964.
Hurley, Timothy. A Commentary on the Present Index Legislation. With a Preface by the Most Rev. Dr. Claney . . . New York, Benziger Brothers, 1908.252p. H430
Relates to the Index Librorum Prohibitorum of the Catholic Church.
Hurt, Walter. "Comstockism is Indicated; Infamous Law, Framed Solely to Serve the Ends of Injustice, Now Being Used by the Romish Oppressor to Destroy the Menace and Imprison Its Staff--Comstock's Alliance with Catholicism Is Demonstrated Beyond All Doubt." Menace, 233:I, 9 October 1915. H431
An account of the arrest of Benjamin 0. Flower, editor of The Menace, for his attacks on the Catholic Church, and of the author's arrest in 1899 under the obscenity law.
-------. "Despotism." Alssayer, 2:9, June 1899. H432
Hurt was arrested for alleged "obscenity" in his periodical, Gattling Gun. He charged that the real reason was that he had printed "some inside facts about certain shady epochs in the career of Senator Hanna and his political friends."
-------. "Great Conspiracy." Tomorrow, 2:68-72, September 1906. H433
A criticism of postal censorship of publications advocating sexual and labor reforms.
"Moses Harman, an Analysis and an Appreciation." Tomorrow, 2 26-28, April 1906. H434
Harman, editor of Lucifer, the Light Bearer. was frequently arrested and harassed to] articles advocating sex reform.
Hutchins, Robert M. "Hutchins Chastises Editorial Writers; Offer to Hutchins.' Editor and Publisher, 81:6,38,27 November] 1948. H435
Text of an address by the chairman of the Commission on Freedom of the Press criticizing the critics of the Commission's report. The Editor and Publisher offers to contribute to the cost of an impartial body to review the performance of the press. Such a panel was appointed and its first meeting is reported in the 26 April 1949 issue of the journal.
Hutchins, Shelby V. "Obscenity Law 1mposing Strict Liability Declared Unconstitutional." Ohio State Law Journal 22:242-44, Spring 1960. H436
Smith vs. California, 361 U.S. 147(1959).
Hutchins on, Henry S. "The Bookseller Responsibility for the Book he Sells. Publtshers' Weekly, 103:1620-26, 26 May 1923 H437.
A New Bedford, Mass., book man, addressing the convention of the American Booksellers Association, declared it is the responsibility of the bookseller to guard his customers b refusing to sell immoral and neurotic books Arthur Proctor, a Detroit bookseller, replies "I say that the duty, the responsibility of the bookseller toward his customer, toward the general public, is not just to sell books . . that have a sweet ending, but . . . to get them the books [they want] in spite of the censorship . . . of such men as Mr. Joh Sumner." A heated discussion follows i which obscenity is associated by some wit Bolshevism. Despite protests from Frederic G. Melcher, the convention voted to expunge Mr. Proctor's remarks from the record R. F. Fuller of Boston described how that city keeps unfit books from sale with the help of the Watch and Ward Society.
Hutchins on, Paul. "Is the Air Already Monopolized?: Freedom of the Air." Christian Century, 47:441-44,1 April 1931 H438
An account of the difficulties exponents (unorthodox ideas have in getting time on the air. In an article in the 8 April issue, Hutchinson charges that broadcasting policy is reaching the point where nothing can go on the air "except by the grace of the business interests."
Hutnyan, Joseph D. "New Jersey Newsmen win Important victory for Freedom of the Press. Quill, 45(12): 10, 21--22, December 1956. H439
The New Jersey State Senate abandoned closed sessions after vigorous opposition by the press.
[Hutton, Tom, et al.]. [The "Suppressed" Report.] Fullerton, Calif., Education Information, 1961. 16p. H440
A reprinting (together with notes on its suppression) of a study entitled The Supreme Court as an Instrument of Global Conquest, by Col. Tom Hutton, SPX Research Associates for the Subcommittee to Investigate the Internal Security Acts and Other Internal Security Laws, 85th Cong., 2d sess., re: S 2646. "The U.S. Printing Office was required to bury this Report in a voluminous document making the cost of additional copies prohibitive."
Huxley, Aldous. "Censorship." Fortnightly Review, 128(n.s.):415-16, September 1930. (Reprinted in Downs, The First Freedom, pp. 272-73) H441 §
In this review of Causton and Young's Keeping It Dark, or the Censors Handbook, Huxley presents his own appeal for a sensible attitude toward censorship. "The remedy against pornography is in the hands of everyone who chooses to use it. If you do not like a book, all you have to do is not to read it. Let every man be his own censor."
-------. "Censorship and Spoken Literature." In his Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Other Essays. New York, Harper, 1956, pp. 115-27. (Also in Esquire, October 1955) H442
In democratic countries there is no political censorship, except in regard to military secrets, but there is unintentional economic censorship caused by the steady rise in cost of producing books, plays, and films. "The great silencer" to every channel of intellectual and artistic expression is money. Subsidies offer only a partial solution. Huxley suggests a revival of spoken literature since phonograph records may be cheaper to make than books and, more important, they will reach the nonreader. Furthermore, reading aloud the literature of wisdom will counteract the popular philosophy of life formulated by writers of advertising copy.
-------. "Lord Campbell and Mr. Charles." New Statesman and Nation, 10:673-74, 9 November 1935. H443
The Lord Campbell Act of 1857, dealing with obscene publications, has been stretched so as to punish many offenses which its author never intended it to punish. The latest example is the case of The Sexual Impulse by Edward Charles, judged obscene for six objectionable passages, three of which were taken from books against which no objections had ever been raised.
-------. Vulgarity in Literature. London, Chatto and Windus, 1930. 39p. (Extracted in Downs, The First Freedom, pp. 210-13) H444
"Vulgarity is a lowness that proclaims itself," writes Huxley. "There is a vulgarity in the sphere of morals, a vulgarity of emotions and intellect, a vulgarity even of the spirit." Huxley comments on the changing fashions in vulgarity that have led to the erratic action of the censor. Expressions and themes that are taboo in one generation may be acceptable in the next. Emotions and episodes insincerely or crudely expressed are vulgar; the same emotions and episodes expressed with sincerity and artistry may become great literature.
Hyde, H. Montgomery. A History of Pornography With an Introduction by Morris Ernst. New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1964. 246p. H445
"The historical survey of the subject which has been undertaken in the following pages is designed to cover both kinds of pornography [i.e., artistic and crude] although that which possesses an element in varying degrees of literary or artistic merit necessarily has the principal place. It will also involve some consideration of the measures which different societies at different periods in history have employed to deal with it, by means of administrative action through the operation of an official or unofficial censorship, and legal action through the courts. Finally, we shall take a brief look at contemporary conditions mainly at English-speaking countries, which, while ostensibly aiming at suppressing pornography, are constantly creating and stimulating the demand for it through various media of mass communication and promoting a fruitful climate in which it can flourish." The author is an English lawyer and criminologist. The Fanny Hill case, prosecuted in England under the Obscene Publications Act of 1959, is discussed in detail as an appendix. (Reviewed in ALA. Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom, May 1965 .)
-------. "Siobhan and the BBC." Spectator, 202:658-60, 8 May 1959. H446
The canceling of Edward R. Murrow's television show, "Small World," in Northern Ireland because of objection to an interview with actress Siobhan McKenna, speaking from Dublin.
-------, ed. Privacy and the Press; the Daily Mirror Press Photographer Libel action. Lea v. Justice of the Peace, Ltd. and R. J. Acford, Ltd. London, Butterworth, 1947. 250p. H447
This case involved the alleged invasion of privacy by the taking of photographs of a wedding, against the wishes of the bridegroom.
Hyman, Stanley E. "In Defense of Pornography." New Leader, 46:13-15, 2 September 1963. H448
The author comments on two recent publications, Fanny Hill, the eighteenth-century work which he terms a "good example of pornography," and The Housewife} Handbook on Selective Promiscuity, "a good example of obscenity." Both books, he believes, are suppressible under the law, but neither should be banned. The law should be changed to permit the publication of any work even those works "without the slightest redeeming social importance" and with no literary merit.
Hynd, Alan. "Comstock: Crusade against sin." American Mercury, 69:184-91, August 1949. H449
An American novelist tells the story of Anthony Comstock and the New York vice society.
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