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Holliday, Yvonne. "Expurgatoria." Library Review, 51:126-30, August 1939. H304
The author's theme is that "censorship should be left to the people," since librarians and patrons can seldom agree upon what is fit for circulation. She cites numerous examples of library censorship observed during her career.
Hollingshead, John. Theatrical Licenses. Reprinted from "The Daily Telegraph" and, "Times." London, Chatto and Windus, 1875. 24p. H305
Hollis, Christopher. "State Censorship." Commonweal, 62:49-513, 15 April 1955. (Excerpts from an article in the London Tablet, 12 February 1955). H306
Deals with the difficulty of defining the obscene book and the position of the State in condemning the corrupt book. The author believes that the "powers of censorship of the secular State should be most severely limited."
Holloway, George. " Controversy on Film." Library Journal, 88:513-15, 1 February 1963. H307
The experience of the Free Library of Philadelphia with the controversial film, Operation Abolition. Lists special criteria to consider in film selection. One of three papers relating to selection of controversial materials given at a staff meeting of librarians working with young adults at the Free Library of Philadelphia.
Holman, Frank E. "The Convention on Freedom of Information: Threat to Freedom of Speech in America." American Bar Association Journal, 37:567-70, August 1951 H308
A former president of the American Bar Association opposes the acceptance by the United States of the UN Convention as being in conflict with the Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution and as opening the way to dictatorship.
Holmes, D. T. "Another Feature of Doubtful Literature." Library World, 13:236-37, February 1911. H309
The author shows, in an extract (The Principle of Opposition) from his book, A Scot in France and Switzerland, that the reader doesn't necessarily respond in the direction of the author's intention, but rather to the contrary. Literature of crime, passion, and squalor does not necessarily encourage emulation. Likewise, moral literature (often boring) may have little effect.
Holmes, John Haynes. "Sensitivity as Censor." Saturday Review, 32(9):9-10, 23, 26 February 1949. Discussion: 32:23-24, 19 March 1949; 32:23-24, 26 March 1949. (Reprinted in Downs, The First Freedom, pp. 152-55) H310
A New York clergyman and board chairman of the American Civil Liberties Union decries "the informal yet drastic censorship" in the current attempts by organized minority groups to suppress books, movies, and radio programs that are offensive to their interests. Holmes refers especially to the case of the movie version of Oliver Twist (objection to the portrayal of the Jew, Fagin), the movie, Birth of a Nation (objections from Negroes), and The Nation magazine (objections from Catholics). He denies that minority groups have the right of literary immunity. The true libertarian believes that all men shall have the right to express and publish their ideas, however disagreeable or even dangerous they appear to be. Censorship means assumption of personal infallibility; the imposition of this judgment upon the entire community by group pressure, law, or force; and the arrogance of a minority using its power to persecute the majority. Instead of outlawing serious literary and dramatic works, let the minority protest through the pulpit, platform, and press; let them confront error with truth. "So long as men are free thus to bear witness against defamation, they need not be afraid." This article and a supporting one by John Mason Brown (12 March) was followed by an avalanche of letters, pro and con, including letters from Margaret Halsey (19 March, 7 May) who defended the right of Jews and Negroes to literary immunity; Arnold Forster of the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith (26 March) who believes Holmes has confused censorship with censuring, which is the right of majority or minority to protest; and Elmer Davis and Elmer Rice (16 April) who come to Mr. Holmes's defense. The three-month debate was followed by a Town Meeting of the Air broadcast and concluded by an editorial by Norman Cousins in the issue of 28 May in which he affirmed the right of the author to produce, the right of the offended to protest, and, finally, the right of a counterprotest condemning minority action. "The only time a controversy such as this becomes dangerous is when government intervention is sought or invoked."
-------, comp. Freedom of Speech and of the Press. New York, National Civil Liberties Bureau, 1918. 30p H311
A collection of quotations on freedom of expression, including selections from Jefferson, Garrison, Thoreau, Milton, Locke, Bentham, Hall, Mill, Erskine, Godwin, and Galsworthy. Selections are intended to assist pacifists in protesting against war censorship.
Holmes, Marjorie. "A Mother Speaks up for Censorship." Today's Health, 40:50-51+, January 1962. H312
"Movies glorifying prostitution, books that smile on adultery, even songs about infidelity--this is what we've tolerated until smut has finally taken over. What's the next step--the acceptance by society of complete sexual freedom, with all its consequences?" The author, as a writer and as a parent, begs for some controls over the mass media, particularly over the movies where sex, used as a money-maker, is flouted regardless of consequences to the young.
Holmes, Mary. "Censorship and Civil Rights." Social Order, 7:242-49, June 1957. H313
A prize-winning essay by a student at Maryville College presents the point of view of the Catholic Church in drawing a line between freedom and restraint. The author considers the arguments, pro and con, over "the role of the government as censor and over the censorship efforts of minority groups."
Holmes, Oliver W. The Dissenting Opinions of Mr. Justice Holmes; arranged by Alfred Lief . . . New York, Vanguard, 1929. 314p. H314
Free Press in Wartime, pp. 41-43; Free Speech Not Free, pp. 231-35; Eugene V. Debs Case, pp. 242-47.
-------. "Schenck v. United States: Opinion of Oliver Wendell Holmes for the Supreme Court, 1919." In S. G. Brown, ed., We Hold These Truths. New York, Harper, 1941, pp. 300-362. H315
Decision upholding the constitutionality of the Espionage Act. Contains the famous "clear and present danger" dictum relating to freedom of speech under the First Amendment. This decision along with Holmes's dissenting opinion in Abrams v. United States in which the clear and present danger doctrine is advanced further, are reprinted in Haiman, Freedom of Speech, pp. 52-56.
[Holmes, William V.]. Report of the Trial of William Vamplew Holmes, (One of Mr. Carlile's Shopmen,) on a charge of Sedition and Blasphemy, before the Common Serjeant and a London jury, at the Sessions House, Old Bailey, March 1st, 1822 . . . London, R. Carlile, 1824. 24p. H316 §
Holmes, one of the men who volunteered to tend the bookshop while Richard Carlile was in jail, was himself found guilty of sale of a seditious work. He served a two-year sentence and upon his release opened his own bookshop and continued to sell the offending works.
Holorenshaw, Henry. Levellers and the English Revolution. London, Gollancz, 1939. 96p. (The New People's Library, vol. 21) H317
A Marxian interpretation of the Leveller movement in Cromwell's England, a movement which first awakened the spirit of English freedom of the press.
Holt, Daniel. A Vindication of the Conduct and Principles of the Printer of the Newark Herald: an Appeal to the Justice of the People of England, on the Result of the Two Recent and Extraordinary Prosecutions for Libels. Newark, Eng., Holt, 1794. (Also in Howell, State Trials, vol. 22, pp. 1189 ff) H318
Holt was brought to trial before Lord Kenyon for the publication of two pamphlets urging parliamentary reform. Despite the able defense of Thomas Erskine, Holt was fined and given four years' imprisonment. One of the offending pamphlets was sanctioned and probably written by the Duke of Richmond and Mr. Pitt.
Holt, Francis L. Law of Libel. Edited by Anthony Bleecker. New York, Stephen Gould, 1818. 328p. (First edition published in London, Butterworth, 1812) H319
An American edition of one of the major digests of the English law of libel. Holt gives a résumé and apology for existing English libel laws on which early American cases were based; Bleecker added a selection of American cases.
Holt, Guy, ed. Jurgen and the Law; a Statement with Exhibits, Including the Court's Opinion, and the Brief of the Defendants on Motion to Direct an Acquittal. New York, McBride, 1923. 78p. H320
"People of the state of New York against Guy Holt, Robert M. McBride & Company, and Robert M. McBride for having in possession with intent to sell, a book called Jurgen, by James Branch Cabell, in violation of section 1141 of the Penal Law, concerning obscene prints and articles. In the Court of General Sessions for the County of New York."
Holtzoff, Alexander. "The Relation between the Right to a Fair Trial and the Right of the Press." Syracuse Law Review, 1:369-79, Spring 1950. H321
Notes concerning court cases, 1918-49.
Holyoake, George J. The History of the Last Trial by Jury for Atheism in England: a Fragment of Autobiography . . . London, James Watson, 1851. 100p. H322
Holyoake, who served as editor of the Oracle of Reason while its original editor, Charles Southwell, served a prison sentence for blasphemy, was himself convicted for blasphemy at Cheltenham in 1842 and served six months in the Gloucester jail. This is the story of the Holyoake trial. The publisher, James Watson, was also a veteran in the cause of the liberty of the unlicensed press.
-------. The Life and Character of Richard Carlile. London, Austin & Co., [1849?]. 40p. H323
A sympathetic biography of the nineteenth century English martyr, written by a friend and associate in the struggle for press freedom. Wickwar calls this biography of Carlile "the first, the best, and the shortest." In 1817 Carlile began his fight against censorship by hawking Wooler's Black Dwarf on the streets of London and by publishing Southey's Wat Tyler, when the poet laureate was trying to suppress this early work. In 1818 Carlile reprinted Paine's political works and William Hone's parodies, serving 18 weeks in prison for the latter. By the end of 1819, 6 indictments were pending against him and he began a prison sentence which was to total some 6 years. His wife and younger sister took over the shop and were jailed. Under pressure from the Constitutional Association, numerous convictions were secured against Carlile's friends who took over the shop. They served from 6 months to 2 years. Eventually a vending device was rigged up at the shop whereby the purchaser could select a book on a clock dial, pay his money, and receive the book without seeing the vendor. The shop prospered because of the prosecution rather than in spite of it. By 1829, when all the convicted had been released from prison, the freedom to publish was virtually assured in Great Britain.
-------. Sixty Years of an Agitator's Life. 3d ed. London, Unwin, 1893. 2 vols. H324
The autobiography of an English social reformer, Chartist, and freethinker. Holyoake spent 6 months in jail on a blasphemy charge and played a major role in the fight for an untaxed press. When the last warrant was issued against him for flouting the newspaper tax, the total penalties amounted to some $3,000,000.
-------. The Spirit of Bonner in the Disciples of Jesus; of the Cruelty and Intolerance of Christianity, Displayed in the Prosecution, for Blasphemy, of Charles Southwell, Editor of the Oracle of Reason., London, [185?]. 16p. H325
-------. The Suppressed Lecture at Cheltenham. London, Frederick Farrah, 1864. 8p. (Utilitarian Tracts; from The Reasoner, no. 827) H326
In 1841 when Holyoake gave a free-thought lecture in Cheltenham he was arrested and sentenced to 6 months' imprisonment; in 1864 he again attempted to lecture in that city but the authorities turned off the lights. He prints here for circulation in Cheltenham a digest of his intended remarks to the effect that freedom of expression had greatly improved during the 23-year interval, that "it is impossible to inflict punishment for opinion any more in England."
-------. The Trial of George Jacob Holyoake, on an Indictment for Blasphemy, before Mr. Justice Erskine and a Common Jury, at Gloucester, August the 15th, 1842. From Notes Specially Taken by Mr. Hunt . . . London, Printed and published for the "Anti Persecution Union," by Thomas Paterson, 1842. 68p. H327
Holyoake was the second editor of The Oracle of Reason to be tried for blasphemy. He was sentenced to six months in prison. The trial proceedings include an address before the Anti-Persecution Union, formed to assist in the defense of those persecuted for free publication of opinion. Paterson, publisher of the account of the trial, subsequently followed Holyoake to prison as the third editor of the Oracle.
[-------], ed. The Life and Character of Henry Hetherington. London, J. Watson, 1849. 16p. H328
Prepared as a memorial by a Committee of the Directors of the Literary and Scientific Institution under the editorship of Mr. Holyoake. Includes an abridgment of the life of Hetherington from Thomas Cooper's Éloge, Hetherington's last will and testimony, the funeral oration by Mr. Holyoake, and tributes from James Watson and W. J. Linton.
Homans, T. S. "Comstockery and Sex Morality. "Altruria, 2:12-13, March 1911. H329
An attack on censorship of sex education.
[Hone, William]. Don John, or "Don Juan" Unmasked . . . Being a Key to the Mystery Attending that Publication, 3d ed. London, Hone, 1819. H330
Byron arranged for the private publication of Don Juan despite the opposition of the "cursed puritanical committee." When no action was taken against it William Hone, who had two years before been brought to trial for his parodies, protested. This pamphlet is an ironical appeal for impartial prosecution. He accuses the publisher, John Murray, of having government protection which permitted him to defy the vice society while less fortunate publishers would face prosecution. He challenged the censors by conveniently quoting from the parody on the Ten Commandments (Canto I, Stanzas 105, 106).
[-------] . Don Juan, Canto the Third. London, Hone, 1819. 58p. H331
A parody on Byron's Don Juan, dealing with a radical "news-retailer" who was arrested for seditious libel. The two genuine cantos by Byron were also published by Hone without the poet's permission. Byron and his authorized publisher attempted to get an injunction to prevent breach of copyright (Byron v. Dugdale, 9 August 1823) but Hone's agent argued that the book was obscene and therefore not worthy of government protection. The judge refused the injunction. John Hunt wrote in the Examiner that even an immoral book deserved protection by the court and that a jury not a judge should decide whether a work was obscene, and if it were judged obscene the criminal laws should be invoked.
[-------]. Man in the Moon [a Speech from the Throne to the Senate of Lunataria. In the Moon.]. London, Hone, 1820. 16p. H332
Parody on a speech of the Prince Regent urging vigilance against the "dissemination of the doctrines of treason and impiety." The work was impiously illustrated by George Cruikshank, showing the Holy Alliance dancing around the burning figure of Liberty seated on a printing press. It was dedicated to George Canning. Although more libelous than many other works prosecuted it was never charged, probably because of the levity the reading of the verse might create in the courtroom.
[-------]. The Political House that Jack Built. London, Hone, 1819. 24p. H333
This is Hone's most famous satire, illustrated by Cruikshank, in which he attempts to show the power of pen over sword. He strikes out at the despised ex-officio informations against printers. Of the printing press he writes: "This is The Thing, that, in spite of new Acts, And attempts to restrain it, by Soldiers or Tax, Will poison the Vermin, That plunder the Wealth, That lay in the House, That Jack Built." Despite an invitation to prosecution for libel, no action was taken against Hone for this satire.
[-------]. The Political Showman--at home! Exhibiting his cabinet of curiosities and Creatures--All Alive! London, Hone, 1821. 32p. (24 illustrations) H334
The Political Showman consisted of a hand press with human legs, and an inkpot and quills for a hat. The illustrations (by Cruikshank) and dialogue (by Hone) combine to celebrate the triumph of the people and the press over government suppression. Among the creatures shown are a crocodile, a locust, a scorpion, black rats, a bloodhound, and a vampire--all representing contemporary political figures and situations.
[-------]. A Slap at Slop and the Bridge-Street Gang. London, Hone, 1822. 56p. H335
A satire on the Constitutional Association that had sponsored so many prosecutions against the pamphlet press. "Doctor Slop" represents John Stoddart, editor of The News Times and a leader in the Constitutional Association.
[-------]. The Three Trials of William Hone, for Publishing Three Parodies; viz. The Late John Wilkes's Catechism, The Political Litany, and The Sinecurist's Creed; on Three Ex-officio Informations, at Guildhall, London, during Three Successive Days, December 18, 19, & 20, 1817; before Three Special Juries, and Mr. Justice Abbott, on the First Day, and Lord Chief Justice Ellenborough, on the Last Two Days, December 19th and 20th. London, Hone, 1818. 48p., 45p., 44p. (Each trial has a separate title page and separate paging. Varying editions of the separate trials have been bound together. An 1876 edition contains introduction and notes by the publisher, William Tegg) H336
The 3 trials dealt with charges of blasphemy for the publication of political parodies. (1) John Wilkes's Catechism, a parody on the Apostle's Creed, the Lord's Prayer, and the Ten Commandments, (2) The Political Litany, a parody on the Litany in the Book of Common Prayer, and (3) The Sinecurist's Creed, a parody on the Athanasian Creed. Hone provided his own defense and was acquitted in all 3 trials. It is said that nearly 100,000 copies of the parodies in numerous editions were sold, largely stimulated by the trials.
[-------]. Trial by Jury and Liberty of the Press. The Proceedings at the Public Meeting, December 29, 1817 at the City of London Tavern, for the Purpose of Enabling William Hone to Surmount the Difficulties in which He Has Been Placed by Being Selected by the Ministers of the Crown as the Object of Their Persecution . . . With the Resolutions and the Speeches . . . Fifth ed. London, Hone, 1818. 27p. (Sometimes bound with the Three Trials of William Hone; reprinted by Freethought Publishing Co., London, 1880) H337
A defiant meeting of friends of Hone (Hone was not present) celebrating his victory and the victory of a free press. The speakers emphasized that the charge of blasphemy was used in lieu of the real offense, which was political. Speakers included Robert Waithman, Sir Francis Burdett, Alderman Thorp, Mr. Perry, Mr. P. Walker, Lord Cochrane, Charles Pearson, Mr. Sturch, and Thomas Wooler, who had undergone a similar prosecution earlier that year. Appended is a list of subscribers to the benefit of William Hone.
Honigman, John J. "A Cultural Theory of Obscenity." Journal of Criminal Psychopathology, 5:715-33, April 1944. H338
Hood, B. G. "Dirt Seekers and Mind Moulders: Further Thoughts on Censorship." New Zealand Librarian, 12:30-34, March 1949. H339
The author cites three barriers imposed by censorship: government action, particularly through Customs (unjust rulings should be protested often and tenaciously both by individuals and through the New Zealand Library Association); a too-narrow book selection policy of librarians; and pressure from individuals and groups to withdraw a book from the shelves.
Hook, Sidney. "Pornography and the Censor." New York Times Book Review, 69(15):1, 38-39, 12 April 1964. H340
Recommends literary criticism and more strict standards of literary merit rather than censorship as a means of combating cheap and vulgar writing.
Hoover, Donald D. "For a Freer Press." Quill 18(3):7, 15, March 1930. H341
A hoosier newspaperman moves to change Indiana's procedures in contempt of court cases.
Hoover, Herbert C. "Free Speech and Free Press." In his Addresses upon the American Road, 1933-1938. New York, Scribner's 1938, pp. 276-80. H342
Lovejoy lecture, Colby College, 8 November 1937.
[-------]. "Radio Gets a Policeman." American Heritage, 6:73-76, August 1955. H343
As one in a group of interviews with Americans who were involved in the early history of radio, former President Hoover recounts his experience in setting up federal radio controls when he was Secretary of Commerce. He speaks wistfully of a suggestion he made in the 1920's that commercials be limited to brief statements by the sponsors at the beginning and end of a program rather than interrupting the program with long and "hideous repetition." But the idea, he noted, received little attention. Hoover also speaks of the prevalence of defamation on radio and the difficulty of ordinary people to answer such charges. "If our libel and slander laws were restored on the British basis, we would have less such rotten statements poured out over radio."
Hopkins, John B. "Liberty and Libel." Gentleman's Magazine, 233:185-95, August 1872. H344
The author finds the present (1872) British law of libel "needlessly oppressive to the press . . . We should insist upon the utmost liberty of criticism which is compatible with respect for the right of the individual to have his reputation protected by law."
-------. "The Liberty of the Press." Tinsleys' Magazine 40:120-35, February 1887 H345
"The British juror, by his undue sympathy for the plaintiff in a libel action against a newspaper, inflicts an injury on the Press." Such action is an "infringement of the just and wholesome liberty of the Press." Judges treat newspapers as if there were a presumption in the law that the newspaper is probably in the wrong. The author complains of the ruling of the Lord Chief Justice that "facts affecting private character" should not be broadcast through the press, a restriction which would prevent coverage of most criminal trials. The author also objects to proposals that coverage of public meetings be limited to reporting prepared speeches.
Hopkins, Mary A. "Birth Control and Public Morals. An Interview with Anthony Comstock." Harper's Weekly, 60:489-90, 22 May 1915. H346
Comstock, long-time secretary of the New York vice society, defends the existing laws banning obscene literature, contraceptives, and pornography. Article contains photograph of Comstock.
Hoppe, Harry R. "John Wolfe, Printer and Publisher, 1579-1601." Library, 14 (4th ser.): 241-88, December 1933. H347
Wolfe, a London printer in the days of Elizabeth I failing to obtain a printing monopoly from the government proceeded to print what he pleased in defiance of authority. He was imprisoned for a time and his presses were seized. In later life he turned "respectable" and used his talents in behalf of the government to track down other rebel printers.
Hoppin, Frederick S. "Wanted--a Cato!" Forum, 78:3-6, July 1927. H348
A satire on censorship, suggesting we apply national prohibition to "art, literature, and music" so that these cultural areas, like prohibition of liquor, "could also be made subjects of vital and argumentative importance in every American family."
Horchler, Richard. "Literature and Morality." Commonweal, 69:559-61, 27 February 1959. H349
The moralist who criticizes literature must be competent to judge it within the aesthetic context which gives it meaning.
Horiguchi, Robert Y. Observations on Censorship of Daily Newspapers in the United States from 1920 to 1930. Columbia, Mo., University of Missouri, 1932. 123p. (Unpublished Master's thesis) H350
Horn, K. A. R. "The Censorship of Indecent Publications in New Zealand." New Zealand Libraries, 12:25-29, March 1949. H351
A review of obscenity censorship in New Zealand, applied under the Customs Act of 1913 and the Indecent Publications Act of 1910.
Horne, Alistair. "It Pays to be Libeled in London." National Review, 7:205-8, 212, 18 July 1959. H352
"Under Britain's tax structure, one thing which still pays off is a successful libel case, as E. Waugh, R. Churchill and A. Bevin have found." A British journalist summarizes the libel situation in England.
Horsley, W. F. "The Prior Restraint of Speech and Press--a Critique of the Doctrine." Alabama Law Review, 15:456-60, Spring 1963. H353
"The danger of superficially analyzing prior restraint and subsequent punishment is that courts tend to examine the means rather than the ends of speech control methods. What is prior restraint in form may be subsequent punishment in fact, and the converse is equally true. In the future more emphasis might well be placed upon operational effect than outward appearance."
Hoskins, John A. "Delinquency, Comic Books and the Law." Ohio State Law Journal, 18:512-37, Autumn 1957. H354
A review of efforts nationally and in the state of Ohio to curb obscene and crime comics. The author cites three basic proposals that have been introduced by various governments: the censorship board (common abroad but objected to in the United States); prohibition of sale of sex and crime comics to minors (Ohio's statute is of this type); and court action against a particular publication. The author recommends enactments that will protect the child while maintaining the maximum freedom of reading for the adult.
Hoskins, Percy. "The Press and the Administration of Justice." Federal Probation 22(2):31-35, June 1958. H355
A British newspaperman reviews practices with respect to "fair trial and a free press."
Hossom, Kenneth. Freedom of Speech and Public Opinion. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University, 1952. 255p. (Ph.D. dissertation, University Microfilms, no. 2977) H356
Hostetter, Joseph C. "Freedom of the Press." In Problems of Journalism; Proceedings of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, Washington, D.C., 1930, pp. 86-92; 1932, pp. 41-58. H357
Advice on the legal aspects of journalism, court trials, and libel.
"Hot Cakes." New Statesman, 28:201-2, 27 November 1926. H358
The Whispering Gallery is selling like hot cakes in the United States as a result of its suppression in England. The author of this article deplores the subjection of eminent men to malicious gossip.
Hotchkis, Preston. "Quest for Truth through Freedom of Information." U.S. State Department Bulletin, 30:682-86, 3 May 1954 H359
A statement made by the U.S. Representative on the Economic and Social Council, United Nations, to the Council, 9 and 13 April 1954. He speaks of proposals made in three areas: government restrictions; economic and technical barriers; and professional standards, rights, and responsibilities. He closes with a protest against "the physical snatching away and imprisoning of journalists" by Chinese Communists.
Hottman, Henry. Some Problems of Federal Regulation of Radio Broadcasting. Boulder, Colo., University of Colorado, 1947. 336p. (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation) H360
Hough, Graham. "The Moral Censor." In his The Dream and the Task; Literature and Morals in the Culture of Today. New York, Norton, 1964, pp. 28-41. H361
The work of imaginative literature is a thing in itself, worth having for its own sake, and "its value as a social or moral force outside itself is only incidental." The author advocates an "all-embracing literacy acceptance." The greater the appreciation of literature, the wider and more comprehensive it will become. Two "vermin" that need to be kept down are the anticulture or hatred of art and letters, and the set of ideas that narrows the range of literary curiosity and appreciation.
Hough, Richard L. "The Jehovah's Witness Cases in Retrospect." Western Political Quarterly, 6:78-92, March 1953. H362
Views on cases involving freedom of speech, 1938-46
Hoult, Thomas F. "Comic Books and Juvenile Delinquency." Sociology and Social Research, 33:279-84, March-April 1949. H363
A study "aimed at discovering if there is actually, as the layman so often assumes, any relationship between juvenile delinquency and the reading of comic books." A study was made of 235 boys and girls arrested for delinquency and a matched group of nondelinquent children. Both groups read about the same number of "harmless" comics, but the delinquent read many more "questionable" or "harmful" comics.
House, Frederick B. The Application of the Law of Disorderly Conduct to Illegal Public Speaking and the Distribution of Improper Printed Matter. New York, City Magistrate, 1917. 16p. H364
"Intended as a partial aid to the city magistrates and the police authorities in dealing with the present condition in the city of New York." Any matter breaching the peace, the pamphlet notes, is illegal, and can be dealt with under existing laws.
"House Group Closes Hearings on Pornographic Books." Publishers' Weekly, 162:2318-21, 2329, 13 December 1952. H365
Summary and editorial comments on the "Gathings Committee" hearings, including testimony by publishers, booksellers, authors, lawyers, religious leaders, and government officials.
Housman, Laurence. "The Censorship of Literature." Week-end Review, 26:393-94, March 1932. H366
While expressing no concern in protecting the reader who wants to be debauched, Housman believes that the young and immature who have been sheltered by "fussy inhibitions" about sexual matters, need to be protected from the "moral" shock of frank expression. Such protection lies almost entirely with parents and teachers; any legal restrictions imposed on current literature should not apply to the reading of adults. He quotes the Archbishop of Canterbury as saying: "I would rather have all the risks which come from free discussion of sex than the great risks we run by a conspiracy of silence." The two great problems of today are war and sex.
-------. "A King's Proctor for Plays." Fortnightly Review, 94:852-56, 1910. H367
Housman proposes that "instead of the Censor, with his present power of veto before production, there should be an Examiner of Plays, whose functions would be somewhat similar to those of a King's Proctor, and whose duty it would be to consider plays from a strictly legal standpoint." If the Proctor believed the play would be liable to prosecution as an offense against the common law he would so warn the theater manager.
-------. "My Thirty Years' Fight with the Censor." Living Age, 353:264-65, November 1937. (Reprinted from the Evening Standard, London). H368
The author tells of his experiences with the censor, with particular reference to his plays, Bethlehem, Pains and Penalties, and Victoria Regina.
-------. Pains and Penalties; an Historical Tragedy, in Four Acts. With a Preface on the Censorship. London, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1911. 89p. H369
"How Came 'Comstockery.'" Literary Digest, 93:32-33, 2 April 1927. H370
"Play censorship in this country got a thrill over Shaw's Mrs. Warren's Profession, but the net result seems to have been the addition of a new word to the language--'Comstockery."'
"How Free is the Air?" Nation, 143:5-6, 4 July 1936. (Reprinted in Summers, Radio Censorship, pp. 92-95) H371
Editorial criticizing the FCC ruling forbidding rebroadcast of foreign programs without the written consent of the Commission.
"How Much Freedom for the Student Editor?" Quill, 51(9):8-12 September 1963. H372
College presidents, student publications' advisors, former college editors, and others having a close relationship to the student press give their views.
"How Much Management of the News?" Newsweek, 61(14):59-63, 8 April 1963. H373
The article cites three groups that are responsible for charging the Kennedy administration with managing the news: some Republicans who have found in news management a political issue; the "outs," reporters who enjoyed an inside track in previous administrations; and the professional "freedom writers." It quotes the Washington Evening Star as saying: "If the press devoted the energy to covering the news that it devotes to bellyaching about freedom of information, the public would be much better off." It attributes to President Kennedy the belief that reporters, by their own admission, have more access to news than ever before, and that they can be managed only if they want to be managed. Good reporters will not be victimized. It takes two to manage the news.
"How Nations at War Search the Mails." Popular Science, 136:90-92 May 1940. H374
"How News Is 'Managed' by Officials in Washington." U.S. News and World Report, 54(15):38-42, 15 April 1963. H375
Criticism of news management by the Kennedy administration during the Cuban invasion.
"How the Press May be Russianized." La Follette's Magazine, 1:3-4, 20 March 1909. H376
Deals with the Panama Canal libel case.
[Howard, Granby S., plaintiff]. Report of the Trial of the Libel Suit of Dr. G. S. Howard, of Carleton Place, Ont., against the "Montreal Star" . . . [Montreal] 1898. 136p. H377
Howard, R. H. "Some of the Lessons of the War." Ladies Repository, 22:171-76, March 1862. H378
The Civil War, with all its horrors, will bring certain benefits including freedom of speech and opinion and the defeat of professional dogmatism. The suppression of free discussion of the iniquities of slavery, this minister writes, was a factor in causing the war. We should use our newly-found freedom of expression for God's purposes. Churches must carry religion and morality into political life and never again be silent in the face of evil.
Howard, Sidney. "Theatre Censorship." Authors League Bulletin, 14(12):18-19, March 1927. H379
"The censorship which now threatens the American theatre outstrips in severity any that the English speaking stage has known since the days of Cromwell."
Howarth, Edmund. "Birth Control Prosecution." Liberator, 1:2, [1920]. H380
Account of the trial of Edmund Howarth for circulating an "obscene" pamphlet, Large or Small Families, by George H. Suasey. Howarth was found guilty on an obscenity charge in Durham, England.
Howe, Frederic C. "What To Do With the Motion-Picture Show; Shall It Be Censored?" Outlook, 107:412-16, 20 June 1914. H381
The chairman of the National Board of Censorship of Motion Pictures discusses the question of motion picture censorship, followed by a review of the work of the Board which was organized in 1909 by the People's Institute of New York. The article includes a listing of the standards of judgment announced by the Board.
Howe, P. P. Malthus and the Publishing Trade. New York, Kennerley, 1913. 29p. H382
A satire on the overpopulated world of books, the flood of ordinary books that is driving out the good books. Howe recommends the application of Malthusian principles, that no more books be born than the public can support. "Moral restraint" on the part of publisher and author is advised to prevent indiscriminate conception.
Howe, Quincy. "Policing the Commentator: A News Analysis." Atlantic Monthly, 172:46-49, November 1943. H383
Recommends that (1) sponsorship of "straight" news broadcasts should be permitted, (2) slanted commentary should not be labeled as news, and (3) networks should maintain news analysts who are free to present objective interpretation of the news.
Howell, Rex G. "Fairness . . . Fact or Fable?" Journal of Broadcasting, 3:321-30, Fall 1964. H384 §
To keep fairness from becoming a farce rather than a force for good, it must be kept a two-way street encouraging free discussion rather than silencing opposition.
Howell, T. B., and T. J. Howell, eds. A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1783 . . . and Continued from the Year 1783 to the Present Time. London, Hansard, 1816-28. 34 vols. H385
This collection includes summaries and proceedings of most of the important British trials relating to freedom of the press from the sixteenth century to 1820. A General Index to the trials, edited by David Jardin (London, Longman, Rees, 1828), gives a brief abstract of each trial. The early volumes of the State Trials were published by William Cobbett. Trials contained in the Howell collection are listed in the present bibliography under the name of the defendant.
Howey, Walter, ed. Fighting Editors. Philadelphia, McKay, [1948?] 163p. H386
A collection of stories originally appearing in the American Weekly, dealing with adventures of brave editors and reporters in crusades for truth in reporting. In addition to the famous case of John Peter Zenger, there are the lesser known cases of Carl Magee who exploded the Teapot Dome scandal; John D. Pennekamp of the Miami Herald, whose right of criticism of the Florida courts was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court; the newspapermen who exposed the Georgia Klan; Editor Hazel Brannon of Lexington, Miss., whose contempt of court was reversed by the Mississippi Supreme Court; and James King of William, who sacrificed his life in exposing the graft and crime during the gold-rush days in San Francisco. Most of the articles were written by Paul Gallico and William Engle.
Hoyt, Palmer. "Last Chance; Mutual Unrestricted Freedom of News." Vital Speeches, 12:60-62, 1 November 1945. H387
The publisher of the Portland Oregonian calls for world-wide freedom of the press as the last chance in an atomic civilization. "A civilization that is not informed cannot be free and a world that is not free cannot endure."
-------. "Let's Face the Facts; No Matter How Bitter!" Quill, 30(4):3-4, April 1942. H388
Hoyt charges that the American people are not getting the facts about the war as promptly as they should and that when they do get them the news is not always properly presented.
-------. "News Suppressed Today Becomes News Distorted Tomorrow." Quill, 32(2):3-4, March-April 1944. H389
A discussion of news handling, manipulation, suppression, and distortion in wartime, together with an appeal for newspaper support of the Office of War Information.
-------, Basil L. Walters, and James S. Pope. The John Peter Zenger Award, 1954-1955-1956. Addresses by Palmer Hoyt, Basil L. Walters and John S. Pope. Tucson, Ariz., University of Arizona Press, 1957. 48p. H390 §
The John Peter Zenger Award was inaugurated by the University of Arizona through its Department of Journalism in 1954 to acknowledge "leadership in the endless battle to protect the freedom of the press and the people's right to know." The first three awards, whose addresses are presented here, went to Palmer Hoyt, editor and publisher of the Denver Post (1954); Basil L. Walters, executive editor, Chicago Daily News (1955); and James S. Pope, executive editor, Louisville Courier-Journal (1956). Excerpts of the Palmer talk are also given in Nieman Reports, January 1955.
[Hubbard, H. P.]. The Law of Libel; Important for Those Who Get into Hot Water. New Haven, H. P. Hubbard, 1887. 8p. (Bound with How to Write an Adv't.) H391
"The law in all its points, briefly discussed in plain terms, that he who runs may read and live to heed some other day." The H. P. Hubbard Co. was an advertising agency.
Hubbard, James M. "Are Public Libraries Public Blessings?" North American Review, 149:339-46, September 1889. H392
The public library, originally organized to counteract novel-reading by children, now freely circulates novels to children. The author would prefer that no novels be lent to children, but if this cannot be achieved, state laws should make it a criminal offense to lend an immoral book to a child. Public libraries should be required to submit to the Board of Education each year a list of all immoral books purchased, the cost, and number of times consulted.
-------. The Public Library and School Children; an Appeal to the Parents, Clergymen, and Teachers of Boston. Boston, The Author, 1881. 23p. H393
-------. The Public Library and the Children; a Second Appeal. Boston, The Author, 1883. 12p. H394
Hubbard, a former cataloger with the Boston Public Library, carried on a one-man crusade against the immoral influence of fiction in that library. He lists and describes such fiction in great detail, demanding that such works be removed from the shelves and that all novels be kept out of the hands of children. The Boston newspapers supported his crusade but the library trustees rejected his demands with a sharply worded declaration of independence from would-be censors.
Huber, M.J. "Help Clean up the Mails!" Liguorian, 47:7-9, July 1959. H395
This publication of the Redemptionist Fathers speaks against the complacency about filth in the mails that is being brazenly sent to teenagers and even younger children.
Hudon, Edward G. Freedom of Speech and Press in America. Foreword by Justice William O. Douglas; Introduction by Morris L. Ernst. Washington, D.C., Public Affairs Press, 1963. 224p. H396
This well-documented study, the work of a lawyer-librarian, "delves into the British law of speech and press as it existed in England and Colonial America prior to the Revolution, and also into the theories of law and sovereignty which permitted this English and Colonial law to follow the course that it did." The author considers at length the threat to freedom by the Alien and Sedition law of 1798 and traces the major Supreme Court decisions relating to freedom of speech, press, and the movies. He gives particular attention to the development of the concept of "clear and present danger" and to the applications of the "natural law" principles to intellectual freedom.
-------. "Speech, Press and the Supreme Court." National Publisher, 43(9):22-23, 38, September 1963. H397
A summary of important cases during the 1962-63 term of the U.S. Supreme Court.
Hudson, George E. "Censorship vs. Freedom." Library Journal, 87:1955-58, 15 May 1962. H398
Analysis of the author's survey, "Problem of Censorship in the Public Secondary School Libraries of Nassau County, New York," a study to determine whether or not the kind of censorship which results in proscription and rejection of certain titles is common practice. He found that 82 per cent of the librarians are committed to censorship, their motive being good public relations; 13 per cent are convinced that censorship should not be practiced by school librarians and that complete freedom of selection is imperative.
Hudson, J. K. The Legal and Political History of the Suits Brought by Hon. Cassius Gaius Foster, Judge of the U.S. District Court of Kansas, against Maj. J. K. Hudson, Editor Daily Capital, of Topeka, Kansas. Giving the Origin, Facts, Letters, Charges, Indictments, Editorials, and Decisions of the Cases of 1890 and 1895. Topeka, Kan., 1895. 94p. H399
Libel case relates to prohibition of alcoholic beverages in Kansas.
Hughes, Charles E. "Near v. Minnesota: Opinion of Charles E. Hughes for the Supreme Court." In S. G. Brown, ed., We Hold These Truths, New York, Harper, 1941, pp. 303-17. H400
A classic decision invalidating the Minnesota "gag-law" which enabled the state to prosecute an offending newspaper as a public nuisance.
Hughes, Edward. "English Stamp Duties, 1664-1764." English Historical Review, 56:234-64, April 1941. H401
An investigation of "the antecedents of the famous Stamp Act which was fraught with such consequences for the American colonies."
Hughes, Frank L. Prejudice and the Press, a Restatement of the Principles of Freedom of the Press With Special Reference to the Hutchins-Luce Commission. New York, Devin-Adair, 1950. 642p. H402
A devastating attack on the findings of the Commission on Freedom of the Press, written by a staff member of the Chicago Tribune. The study purports to present "first, a complete and valid restatement of American political philosophy and the principles of American liberty; second, a critical examination of the 'Commission on Freedom of the Press' and its private brand of philosophy, including the sources of the latter; third, a critical examination of the kind of 'liberalism' the 'commission' is attempting to introduce as our way of life in the United States today; and, fourth, a presentation of the facts about the press and about freedom of the press in America." In presenting his case, Hughes goes into the personal, professional, and business backgrounds of each Commission member.
Hughes, Rupert. "Viewing with Alarm." Bookman, 49:263-67, May 1919. H403
The moving picture is "no more dangerous to childhood than the printed page, the trusted nurse, the neighborhood companion, or the opportunities of solitude."
Hull, Julius H. "Judicial Review of Orders by the Postmaster General Revoking Second Class Mailing Privileges." Georgetown Law Journal, 34: 77-78, November 1945. H404
"The duty imposed on publishers to contribute to the public good did not confer on the Postmaster General the power to censor if his standards were not met . . . The duty to classify does not confer the power to censor."
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