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Grant, Sidney S., and S. E. Angoff. "Censorship in Boston." Boston University Law Review, 10:36-60, January 1930; 10:147-94, April 1930. G203
Part 1. Review of recent censorship that has brought ridicule and scorn to a city and state that were once centers of intellectual freedom. Specifically, the authors discuss the work of the Watch and Ward Society, the American Mercury case, the ban of Eugene O Neill's Strange Interlude, and the police raids of 1929. The article concludes with a general account of the development of the concept of obscenity in common law. Part 2. Development of court decisions on obscenity in Massachusetts: Commonwealth v. Holmes (1821), Commonwealth v. Buckley (Elinor Glyn' s Three Weeks), and the Dunster House case over Lady Chatterley's Lover. The authors contrast the severe interpretation of obscenity statutes in Massachusetts with the more liberal interpretation of similar laws by New York courts. They also comment on Massachusetts restrictions on birth control information. The authors recommend the appointment of a government board of censorship to judge offending books thus protecting the bookseller from police censorship.
-------. "Recent Developments in Censorship." Boston University Law Review, 10:488-509, November 1930. G204
The authors discuss the recent liberal decision of the New York court in the obscenity case of U.S. v. Dennett in contrast with the Massachusetts restrictions on works dealing with sex education. They review the recent Massachusetts cases of Commonwealth v. DeLacey (Lady Chatterley's Lover), and Commonwealth v. Friede (An American Tragedy). They report on the passage of a new and liberalized censorship law in Massachusetts which would judge the book rather than the bookseller. The law was sponsored by a Massachusetts Citizens Committee for the Revision of the Book Law, headed by Edward A. Weeks of Atlantic Monthly.
Graphia, Anthony J. "The Louisiana Obscenity Statute and Freedom of Speech and Press." Louisiana Law Review, 23:604-9, April 1963. G205
Grasty, Charles H. "Reasonable Restrictions upon Freedom of the Press." Papers and Proceedings, Ninth Annual Meeting, American Sociological Society, 9:117-22, 1914. G206
A discussion of Henry Schofield's paper on freedom of the press (pp. 67-116) with respect to newspapers. "The relation of the newspaper to its chief source of revenue, and how this strictly private business relation can be maintained without doing violence to the restraints and control of public opinion, is the largest single problem of journalism." Comments on this discussion are to be found on pp. 117-22.
Graves, John T. "The Value of a Free Press." Proceedings, Academy of Political Science in the City of New York, 7:365-68, July 1917. G207
Address delivered at the National Conference on Foreign Relations of the United States by a representative of Hearst Publications.
Graves, William B., ed. Readings in Public Opinion; Its Formation and Control . . . New York, Appleton, 1928. 1281p. G208
Chapter 31, on Censorship and Public Opinion, includes the following readings: (1) Newell D. Hollis, Censorship in a Democracy, (2) Brenda Ueland, Censoring the Movies (from Liberty, 20 March 1926), (3) Text of a State Censorship Law, (4) Some City Ordinances for Regulating the Moving Pictures, (5) Governor Samuel R. McKelvie's Veto Message of Nebraska Motion Picture Censorship Bill, 1921, (6) The Philadelphia Board of Theater Control, (7) Resolution Opposing Legal Censorship of Moving Pictures, Adopted January 16, 1925 by National Better Films Conference, and (8) Mrs. A. Starr Best, The Drama League of America.
Great Britain. Cinematograph Films Council. Tendencies to Monopoly in the Cinematograph Film Industry. London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1944. 41p. G209
A study of the threat of monopoly domination of the British film industry both by American and British producers. The Council recommends legislation to prevent further expansion of film combines.
Great Britain. Commissioners on Criminal Law. Sixth Report of Her Majesty's Commissioners on Criminal Law. Dated the 3rd Day of 1841. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by command of Her Majesty. London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1841. G210
Libel was one of the three offenses considered in this report. This is quoted extensively in Law Magazine, August 1841.
Great Britain. Committee on the Law of Defamation. Report. London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1948. 52p. (Cmd. paper 7536) G211
The Porter Committee was appointed to consider British libel laws, long criticized for their severity. Evidence was presented by representatives of book publishers, newspapers and broadcasting. Charges were made that the laws were too complicated and costly to enforce, that they were unpredictable, tended to stifle discussion on matters of public interest, and often favored the "gold-digging" plaintiff. The Committee recommended broadening of the defenses of justification and fair comment.
Great Britain. Council of State. Sedition scourg'd, Or a View of that Rascally & Venemous Paper, entituled a Charge of high treason exhibited against Oliver Cromwell, Esq: for several treasons by him committed. London, By Hen. Hills, for Rich. Baddeley, 1653. G212
This pamphlet is a reply to John Lilburne's charges against Cromwell. The author blames the government for not suppressing the pamphleteers.
Great Britain. Court of Star Chamber. A Decree of Starre-Chamber, Concerning Printing, Made the eleuenth day of July last past. 1637. London, Robert Barker, 1637. 32p. (Reprinted by the Grolier Club, New York, 1884. 93p.; summarized in Clyde, Struggle for the Freedom of the Press, pp. 295-97) G213
This decree declares it unlawful, without special authorization, to make, buy, or keep types or presses, or to practice the trade of a printer, publisher, or bookseller. It states that all books must be licensed by the Company of Stationers; it forbids the importation of English books printed overseas; and requires "upon paine of imprisonment" to reserve one copy for the library at Oxford. It was expected that the fear of punishment combined with the hope of getting government printing favors would keep the printers in line. The decree, humanely omits references to punishment more severe than public whipping (a month before the enactment of the decree Prynne's ears had been chopped off), but the English public was in no mood for even this repression. Four years later the Court of Star Chamber was abolished and by the end of the century all prior restraints on printing came to an end.
-------. Reports of Cases in the Courts of Star Chamber and High Commission. Edited by Samuel Rawson Gardiner. [Westminster, Eng.] Printed for the Camden Society, 1886. 328p. (Camden Society, Publications, new series, vol. 39) G214
Part I includes Star Chamber Reports (1631-32) of John Smith v. Crakew and Wright for printing and selling a libel against the plaintiff; Micha Smith and others v. Marten and others for a scandalous libel. Part II includes High Commission Reports (1631-32) of Dr. Slater for adding a scandalous table to the Psalms, Bookseller Sparke for misprinting the Bible, Richard Blagrave for keeping Geneva Bibles, Mr. Barker, printer, for misprinting the Bible, Bookseller Whittacres for printing scandal against Queen Elizabeth, and Henry Goskin for printing a blasphemous ballad.
Great Britain. Foreign Office. Correspondence between His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom and the Government of the United States regarding the Censorship of Mails, December 1939-January 1940 .... London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1940. 7p. (United States, no. 1, 1940; Cmd. paper 6156) G215
Printed in part in United States Department of State Bulletin, 6 January 1940.
-------. Correspondence with the Swedish Minister on the Subject of the Detention by the Swedish Government of the British Transit Mail to Russia as a Reprisal for the Search of Parcels Mail by His Majesty's Government. London, Harrison and Sons, 1916. 26p. (Misc. no. 28, 1916; Cmd. paper 8322) G216
-------. Correspondence With the United States Ambassador Respecting the Treatment of Mails in Neutral Vessels. . . . London, Harrison and Sons, 1916. 3p. (Misc. no. 5, 1916; Cmd. paper 8173) G217
A note from the United States government regarding the examination of parcels and letter mails appears as Misc. no. 20, 1916, Cmd. paper 8261, in continuation of Misc. no. 9, Cmd. paper 8223.
-------. The Mails as a German War Weapon; Memorandum on the Censorship of Mails Carried by Neutral Ships. London, Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1916. 24p. G218
British postal censorship in World War I.
-------. Memorandum Addressed by the French and British Governments to the United States Government Regarding the Examination of Parcels and Letter Mails. London, Harrison and Sons, 1917. 10p. (Misc. no. 2, 1917; Cmd. paper 8438; in continuation of Misc. no. 23, 1916; Cmd. paper 8294) G219
-------. Memorandum Presented by His Majesty's Government and the French Government to Neutral Governments Regarding the Examination of Parcels and Letter Mails . . . London, Harrison and Sons, 1916. 7p. (Misc. no. 9, 1916; Cmd. paper 8223) G220
Great Britain. General Council of the Press. The Press and The People: The Annual Report of the General Council of the Press. London, The Council, 1954-date. (Since 1962, known as The Press Council) G221 §
The Council was established by the Royal Commission on the Press to safeguard the freedom of the press and to combat abuses of that freedom. The Council makes annual reports of press performances and suggests ways of improvement. Specific complaints against the press investigated by the Council are summarized or reported in appendices. The 1964 report, for example, reports on the following cases adjudicated during the year: intrusion into grief, late telephone calls by reporters, deliberate misleading reports, refusal to publish a letter to the editor, identifying a minor brought before Juvenile Court, a satirical editorial taken seriously, the refusal to accept certain minority group advertisements, and what constitutes clear retraction of errors in print. Beginning with the eighth annual report (1961) signed articles appear as follows: Some Legal Aspects of Press Freedom by Lord Birkett (1961); Subtle Censorship Is Shackling Britain's Press by Cecil H. King (1962); Curbs on the Rights of Disclosure by Lord Shawcross (1963).
Great Britain. General Staff. Censorship Orders and Regulations for Troops in the Field. [n.p., 1917]. 14p. G222
Printed in France during World War I.
Great Britain. Home Department. Correspondence Respecting the International Conferences on Obscene Literature and the "White Slave Traffic," Held in Paris, April and May 1910 . . . London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1912. 45p. (Cmd. paper 6547) G223
Great Britain. Parliament. An Act against Unlicensed and Scandalous Books and Pamphlets, And for better Regulating of Printing. London, Printed by John Field for Edward Husband, 1649. 17p. (Reproduced in Firth and Rait, Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, vol. 2, p. 245; extracted in Clyde, Struggle for the Freedom of the Press, pp. 187-88) G224
-------. An Act For Reviving of a former Act, Entituled, An Act against Unlicensed and Scandalous Books and Pamphlets, and for better Regulating of Printing. . . . London, Printed by John Field, Printer to the Parliament of England, 1652. (Collection of Acts of Parliament, 1648-54, vol. 3, pp. 1923-28; reproduced in Clyde, Struggle for the Freedom of the Press, pp. 314-18) G225
The Act is dated 7 January 1653.
-------. Correspondence Respecting the Suppression of the "Bosphore Egyptien." London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1885. 42p. (Sessional Papers, 1884-85, vol. 89) G226
British authorities in Egypt suppressed a French paper, Bosphore Egyptian, that had been critical of the British, thus precipitating a controversy with the French and Egyptian governments. After a lengthy exchange of diplomatic messages, the British government agreed that the press be reinstated.
-------. The History of Two Acts, entitled, "An Act for the Safety and Preservation of His Majesty's Person and Government against Treasonable and Seditious Practices and Attempts, and an Act for the more effective preventing Seditious Meetings and Assemblies," including the Proceedings of the British Parliament and of the Various Popular Meetings, Societies and Clubs, throughout the Kingdom . . . London, 1796. 800p. plus. G227
Contains hundreds of petitions, manifestoes, declarations, and resolutions of various societies and groups, both pro and con with respect to these acts, under which many of the eighteenth-century trials for seditious libel were undertaken.
-------. Ordinance of the Lords and Commons Assembled in Parliament Against Unlicensed and Scandalous Pamphlets, And For better Regulating of Printing. . . . London, Printed for Edward Husband, Printer to the Honorable House of Commons, 30 September 1647. 8p. G228
-------. Ordinance of the Lords and Commons Assembled in Parliament for the Utter Suppression and Abolishing of All Stageplays and Interludes . . . Imprinted at London for J. Wright, 1647. 5p. (Reprinted, London, 1869) G229
Great Britain. Parliament. Broadcasting Committee. Memoranda Submitted to the Committee. London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1951. 583p. (Report 8117, 1950-51, vol. 9) G230
Testimony submitted by the B.B.C., other government agencies, advisory bodies, unions, performers, producers, educators, and representatives of religious and minority groups. A summary of the evidence presented by the National Council for Civil Liberties is given on pp. 313-14. The NCCL report criticizes the B.B.C.'s tendencies "to abrogate to itself the right, in normal times, to censor the expression of views by outside speakers invited to the microphone." The Council also referred to information that "certain well-known public figures are blacklisted." All censorship policies should be made public and "all future cases of censorship and blacklisting should be listed and made available to all members of Parliament and all members of Advisory Committees."
Report of the Broadcasting Committee, 1949. London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1951. 327p. (Report 8116, 1950-51, vol. 9) G231
The Committee was appointed by the Lord President of the Council and the Postmaster General jointly "to consider the constitution, control, finance and other general aspects of the sound and television broadcasting services of the United Kingdom . . . and to advise on the conditions under which these services and wire broadcasting should be conducted." The Committee was under the chairmanship of Lord Beveridge. The main report summarizes British broadcasting practices and raises the various issues of controversy, including program content, religious broadcasting, political broadcasting, and degree of government control and licensing. In addition to recommendations as to constitution and powers of broadcasting authority, the Commission suggested a number of policies to govern broadcasting of programs dealing with religion, political parties, and controversial issues: "The allocation of opportunities for ventilation of controversial views, should not be guided either by simple calculation of the numbers who already hold such views, or by fear of giving offense to particular groups of listeners." The majority approved the continuation of broadcast control under a single corporation, a minority report by Selwyn Lloyd disagreed with the continuation of a public monopoly. A separate statement by six committee members states the case against sponsored broadcasting and commercial advertising (pp. 213-26). Members Joseph Reeves and Dr. Stephen Taylor present an expanded statement on civil liberties in broadcasting (pp. 233-37).
Great Britain. Parliament. Committee on Broadcasting, 1960. Memoranda Submitted to the Committee. . . . (Appendix E). London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1962. 1268p. (Report 1819 and 1819-1, 1961-62, vols. 9 and 10) G232
Memoranda from the B.B.C. and the Independent Television Authority includes such topics related to freedom of broadcasting as religious broadcasting, control of advertising, and control of program. There are statements from performers, associations, and organizations representing minority religious and political groups.
-------. Memorandum on the Report of the Committee on Broadcasting, 1960. London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1962. 12p. (Report 1770, 1961-62, vol. 31) G233
A summary of recommendations of the Committee and proposals for Government action based upon the Report of the Committee (Cmd. 1753).
-------. Report of the Committee on Broadcasting, 1960. London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1962. 342p. (Report 1753, 1961-62, vol. 9) G234
The Committee, headed by Sir Henry Pilkington, was appointed by the Postmaster General to consider the future of broadcasting services in the United Kingdom. The report recommends no basic changes in arrangements for the discharge of the government's ultimate responsibility for the social consequences of broadcasting. The Committee rejected proposals for censorship and also proposals for a Broadcasting Consumers' Council; it approved of continuing the veto power of the Postmaster General on particular programs or classes of programs. It recommended that the B.B.C. remain the main instrument of broadcasting in the United Kingdom. On political broadcasting it stated: "We re-affirm the recommendation of the Ullswater Committee that 'The BBC must, of course, continue to be the judge of the amount of political broadcasting which the programme will stand."' The Corporation must never be under an express obligation to make time available. The Committee recommends strict control of the amount and nature of commercial advertising; it recommends continued prohibitions on paid religious and political advertising and the extending of prohibitions to subliminal advertising.
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee for Suppressing Licentious and Impious Practices under Pretence of Religion, Liberty, etc. The Confession of Lawrence Clarkson, touching the Making and Publishing of the Impious and Blasphemous Book, Called the Single Eye, and also Mr. Rainborow's Carriages. . . . London, 1650. Broadside. G235
This resolution sentences Clarkson to the house of correction for a month, thereafter to be banished from the country. All copies of his book are to be seized and burnt by the common hangman.
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Secrecy. Report . . . London, John Stockdale, 1799. 111p. (Another edition was issued by J. Plymsell at the Anti-Jacobin Press. 90p.) G236
Largely concerned with the activities of the Society of United Irishmen. Includes reports on suppressing seditious publications and on the action taken against members of the London Corresponding Society--Hardy, Tooke, Thelwall, and others.
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Secret Committee on Seditious Societies. Report from the Committee of Secrecy. 1st, 2d and Supplement to 2d Report with Appendix. London, 1794. 3 vols. in 1. G237
Concerning the Society for Constitutional Information, London; London Corresponding Society.
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Select Committee on the Law of Libel. Report from the Select Committee on the Law of Libel: with Proceedings of the Committee. London, 1880. 6p. (Report 284, 1880, vol. 2) G238
-------. Report . . . together with the Proceedings of the Committee, Minutes of Evidence, and Appendix. London, Ordered by the House of Commons to be Printed, 1879. 108p. (Report 343, 1879, vol. 4) G239
The Committee was appointed "to inquire into the Law in relation to Libel in newspapers and journals, and as to the mode of proving the Publication of such Libels, and the means of rendering the Proprietors and Publishers of Newspapers and Journals responsible Civilly and Criminally for Libels contained therein." After extensive testimony the Committee recommended an extension of privilege to newspaper reporting of public meetings, if reported fairly and accurately, without malice, and to the public benefit. The Committee also recommended that no criminal prosecution be commenced against a newspaper for libel without the fiat of the Attorney General being first obtained.
[Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Select Committee on the Obscene Publications Bill]. Memoranda of Evidence Submitted to the Select Committee . . . by the Progressive League, Alec Craig, the Society of Labour Lawyers. London, Progressive League, 1958. G240
This testimony before the Committee did not appear in the published Minutes of Evidence, but was privately published.
-------. Minutes of Evidence. . . . London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1958. 154p. (Report 122, 1957-58, vol. 6) G241
The following witnesses testified on the proposed bill: Sir Frank Newsam, Undersecretary of State; J. K. Jones, legal adviser, and S. H. E. Burley of the Home Office; Sir Theobald Mathew, director of public prosecutions; M. G. Wittome, W. J. Sellers, and B. Rose of Customs; Sir John Nott-Bower, T. MacD. Baker, and Inspector D. McLeod of the Metropolitan police; Sir Alan Herbert, Norman St. John Stevas, and C. R. Hewitt from the Society of Authors; Sir Geoffrey Faber, R. H. Code Holland, and F. J. Warburg from the Publishers Association; and A. C. West and Sir Charles Martin from the Association of Chiefs of Police.
-------. Report from the Select Committee . . . together with the Proceedings of the Committee, Minutes of Evidence and Appendices. London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1958. 96p. plus 28p. (Report 123-1, 1957-58, vol. 6; reprinted in U.S. House of Representatives. 86th Cong., 2d sess., Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Postal Operations, 27 May 1960, pp. 51-60) G242
The Committee was appointed to consider whether it was desirable to amend and consolidate the law relating to obscene publications. "We have considered it inadvisable to depart substantially from the definition laid down in R. v. Hicklin. The test laid down by Cockburn, C.J. in that case has been subjected to considerable judicial interpretation which has removed some, though not all, of its uncertainties. . . . Our recommendations on amendment of the law are therefore divided into two parts, the first designed to bring greater certainty to the law of obscene publications . . ., and the second to strengthen the powers for suppressing the pornographic trade." The Committee recommended the following changes in the obscenity law: (1) The class of persons liable to be depraved and corrupted should be defined in accordance with the decision in R. v. Secker. (2) The effect of the work as a whole should be considered. (3) The defense of literary merit should be afforded. (4) The author should have the right to be heard in court. (5) A defense should be afforded the bookseller. (6) Consent of the director of public prosecutors should be required to initiate obscenity proceedings. (7) The 1857 Act should be amended to omit proof of sale and to permit power of seizure and the search of stalls and vehicles. Testimony included that of authors T. S. Eliot and E. M. Forster, a memorandum submitted by the Public Morality Council, a complaint from the British Federation of Master Printers as to the ambiguity of the obscenity law with respect to the liability of the printer, and a letter from Mr. R. H. Code Holland answering the question, How many books failed to be published because the printers refused to print them: "None that ought to be published."
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Select Committee on Theatres and Places of Entertainment. Report . . . together with the Proceedings of the Committee, Minutes of Evidence, Appendix, and Index. London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1892. 592p. (Report 240, 1892, vol. 8) G243
The Committee was appointed "to inquire into the operation of Acts of Parliament relating to the Licensing and Regulation of Theatres and Places of Public Entertainment, and to consider and report any alterations in the law which may appear desirable." Testimony was taken both in favor of the Lord Chamberlain continuing as stage censor and as opposed to the system. Drama critic William Archer objected to the present system of censorship of plays on the ground of its failure to eliminate the indecent at the same time it suppressed the serious dramatic work, e.g. Shelley's The Cenci. The public, he argued, is the only reliable judge of the worth of a play. Any indecency on the stage should be a matter of police action. The Committee concluded that the censorship of plays has worked satisfactorily and that it should be continued and extended to performances in music halls and other places of public entertainment, echoing the recommendation of a similar investigating committee made in 1866.
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Select Committee on Theatrical Licenses and Regulations. Report . . . together with the Proceedings of the Committee, Minutes of Evidence and Appendix. London, Ordered by House of Commons to be Printed, 1866. 333p.; index 66p. (Report 373, 1866, vol. 11) G244
The evidence given before the Select Committee of 1866 constitutes one of the most important documents on British stage censorship. The witnesses included the Lord Chamberlain, Spencer Cecil Brabazon Ponsonby, who reported on the stage censorship activities of his office (very few plays were refused license--only 19 in 13 years) and urged continuation of censorship to prevent immorality in the theater; the then censor, William Bodham Donne, who described his method of operating; novelist Charles Reade who found the present censorship satisfactory if accompanied by the right of appeal; author Shirley Brookes, who described the censorship of his dramatization of Coningsby, and would abolish censorship, leaving the judgment to the audience; John B. Buckstone, proprietor of the Haymarket Theatre who believed stage censorship did not interfere with freedom of authorship; and John Hallinghead, author and signer of the petition of the Dramatic Authors' Society, who objected to the present censorship as both unnecessary and ineffective. The Committee concluded that censorship of drama under the Lord Chamberlain had worked satisfactorily and that it should be continued and extended to music halls and other places of entertainment.
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. Select Committee Appointed to Consider the Law of Defamation and Libel. Report . . . with the Minutes of Evidence Taken before the Committee, and an Index. London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1843 192p. (Report 513, 1843, vol. 5) G245
The investigation resulted in the Lord Campbell's Libel Act, which permitted the defendant in a case of criminal libel to plead the truth of the matter charged, if published for public benefit. The Act was drawn up by Thomas Starkie, author of Treatise on the Law of Slander and Libel and modeled on the Benthamite code of Louisiana.
-------. Parliament. Joint Select Committee on Lotteries and Indecent Advertisements. Report; Together with the Proceedings of the Committee, Minutes of Evidence, and Appendices. Ordered by the House of Commons, to Be Printed, 29th July, 1908. London, Printed for H.M. Stat. Off., by Vacher & Sons, 1908. 120p. (Cmd. paper 275) G246
Contains evidence of the lucrative trade in pornography, including the activities of "Roland de Villiers" and Charles Carrington. The report recommends a revamping of the obscenity laws into a single comprehensive act aimed at pornographic matter, but excluding works of artistic or literary merit. The recommendations were not acted upon.
[Great Britain. Parliament. Joint Select Committee on Stage Plays (Censorship)]. Censorship and Licensing (Joint Select Committee). Verbatim Report of the Proceedings and Full Text of the Recommendations, with an Appendix Containing Further Statements by Mr. G Bernard Shan, Mr. Henry Arthur Jones, Mr. Charles Frohman &c., and Articles from "The Stage." London, The Stage, 1910. 228p. G247
-------. Report . . . on the Stage Plays (Censorship); together with the Proceedings of the Committee, Minutes of Evidence, and Appendices . . . London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1909. 413p. (House of Lords Reports and Papers, no. 21; Cmd. paper 303, vol. 3) G248
The Select Committee was appointed "to inquire into the censorship of stage plays as constituted by the Theatres Act of 1843, and into the operations of the Act of Parliament relating to the licensing and regulation of theatres and places of public entertainment, and to report any alterations of the law or practice which may appear desirable." The Committee examined 49 witnesses, including the Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Department, the Examiner of Plays, members of the clergy, drama critics, actors, and theater managers. Among the opponents of the present stage censorship were William Archer, critic; Granville-Barker, actor, author, and manager, who testified that the censorship retarded the advancement of English drama and made uncertain the profession of authors; and playwright J. M. Barrie, who favored abolishing the national censor, but retaining the licensing of theaters and leaving the action against immoral plays to local authorities; G. K. Chesterton, who preferred to trust 12 ordinary men as censors, but not one; Hall Caine, who stated that present censorship implies that the theater is merely a place of amusement and that serious drama is suspect; John Galsworthy, Laurence Housman, George B. Shaw, Israel Zangwill, and Professor Gilbert Murray. Despite contrary evidence of the literary greats the Committee concluded that (1) the law which covers indecency, blasphemy, and libel in print was inadequate to cover the theater and, therefore, that special laws were needed; (2) producers should have access, prior to production, to a public authority impowered to license plays; (3) license authority should not have power of veto on a play; (4) public authority should have the power by a summary process to suspend the performance of an unlicensed play that appears to be improper, in which case the producer is libel to penalty; (5) the propriety of the future performance of an unlicensed play should be courts of law in cases where indecency is alleged, and in other cases, a mixed committee of the Privy Council. St. John Ervine, in his biography of Shaw states: "Such a galaxy of mind and wit had never appeared in a Blue Book before, nor has it been seen since."
[Great Britain. Postal Censorship Bureau]. The London Censorship, 1914-1919, by Members of the Staff; Past and Present. [London, Printed by Harrison & Sons for Private Circulation, 1919.]. 69p. G249
Anecdotes of censorship during World War I.
-------. Royal Commission on the Press, 1947-1949. Memoranda of Evidence Submitted . . . London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1947-48. 262p. in 5 vols. G250
Contents: (1) Charges made by the National Union of Journalists of a financial monopoly in the newspaper industry. The NUJ recommends legislation to prevent monopolies, reform in libel law, fixed ratio of advertising versus editorial space, and an industry self regulatory body. (2) The Institute of Journalists believes monopoly control exerts little influence over free expression in the press. It is more concerned with restrictive union practices of the NUJ, control of official news, and restrictions on supplies of newsprint. The IJ recommends a self-regulatory code. (3) Replies to a questionnaire dealing with various proposals for reform, received from 95 publishers of newspapers and periodicals. (4) Replies to questionnaire sent to newspaper editors and publishers association. Both groups found that the chief obstacle to freedom of the press was newsprint restrictions, and that self-regulatory measures were preferable to government controls. (5) Reply of Advertising Association to questionnaire, denying that advertising interests influence editorial policy.
-------. Minutes of Evidence . . . 19 June 1947-10 June 1948. London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1947-48. 38 separate reports, totalling more than 1,000 pages. G251
The Commission heard evidence from a variety of witnesses. The first memorandum presents a full statement of the case against newspaper monopoly presented by representatives of the National Union of Journalists. They were followed by other journalists, editors, publishers, and representatives of the advertising associations. Points of discussion included charges of Communists infiltration in the NUJ, the low standards of the popular press, sensational intrusion of privacy, training of journalists, and newsprint restrictions.
-------. Report. London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1949. 363p. (Cmd. paper 7700) G252
Final report of a Commission, created at the recommendation of the Government and the National Union of Journalists to study freedom of the press in Great Britain. The first part of the report relates to the organization of the press--ownership and control, policy formation, news agencies, and the growth of chains. The second part deals with performance of the press--how standards are set and carried out, and factors of external influence. Final chapters make recommendations. The report supports free enterprise against state control and vindicates the press, in general, against charges of monopoly and corruption. It recommends that reform and supervision should come from within the profession rather than from government control. The Commission recommends the establishment of a General Council of the Press, to be made up of members of the profession, to safeguard press freedom and to encourage higher journalistic standards. The Council was subsequently created. Like the American Commission on Freedom of the Press, whose report appeared just as this Commission was named, the Royal Commission consisted entirely of impartial experts with no representatives of the press. A full description of the documents of the Commission and comments about its findings are presented in U.S. Library of Congress, Freedom of Information, pp. 103 ff.
Great Britain. Royal Commission on the Press, 1961-1962. Documentary Evidence. London, H.M. Stat. Off, 1962. 5 vols. (Cmd. papers 1812-4 through 9) G253
Vol. 1, National Newspaper Undertakings; vol. 2, Provincial Daily and Sunday Newspapers, etc.; vol. 3, Weekly Newspapers, Magazine and Periodical Undertakings; vol. 4, Associations and Trade Unions; vol. 5, Advertising Agents and Associations, etc.; vol. 6, Miscellaneous (including associations, societies, and unions).
-------. Minutes of Oral Evidence. London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1962. 3 vols. (Cmd. papers 1812, 1812-1 and 2) G254
Vol. 1, Individuals, Associations, etc.; Newspaper and Periodical Proprietors; vol. 2, Trade Unions and Associations, etc., vol. 3, Miscellaneous.
-------. Report. London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1962. 239p. (Cmd. paper 1811) G255
This second Royal Commission on the Press was appointed "to examine the economic and financial factors affecting the production and sale of newspapers, magazines and other periodicals in the United Kingdom, including (a) manufacturing, printing, distribution and other costs; (b) efficiency of production; and (c) advertising and other revenue, including any revenue derived from interests in television; to consider whether these factors tend to diminish diversity of ownership and control or the number or variety of such publications, having regard to the public interest, of the accurate presentation of news and the free expression of opinion." The Commission was under the chairmanship of Hartley William, Baron Shawcross. Among the recommendations were that newspaper interests in television be terminated, that no Government press subsidy be granted, that newspapers be required to disclose ownership and control, reporting such information to a reconstituted Council of the Press, that such a Council "act as a tribunal to hear complaints from editors and journalists of undue influence by advertisers or advertising agents and of pressure by their superiors to distort the truth or otherwise engage in unprofessional conduct." Further amalgamations of newspapers should be submitted to a Press Amalgamations Court for consent.
Great Britain. Special Commission to Inquire into Charges and Allegations against Certain Members of Parliament and Others. Parnellism and Crime. The Special Commission . . . Reprinted from the Times. London, G. E. Wright, 1880-90. 35 vols. G256
The Commission was appointed to inquire into charges made by the defendants, John Walter, the registered proprietor, and G. E. Wright, the printer and publisher of the Times newspaper, in the course of proceedings in action entitled O'Donnell v. Walter and Another. Charles S. Parnell, the Irish nationalist, and others brought charges against the London Times for defamation, in printing, among other things, statements that Parnell had approved the Phoenix Park assassinations. The article was based on alleged letters from Parnell, sold to the Times by one Richard Pigott. Under cross-examination of Sir Charles Russell, Pigott admitted forging the letters. Parnell was exonerated of the Times charges by the special commission of judges. The report of the judges appears in vol. 35.
Great Britain. War Office. Army. Memorandum on the Censorship . . . London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1915. 5p. (Cmd. paper 7679) G257 §
Official policy on censorship of the press, the mail, and cables in Great Britain during World War I.
-------. Memorandum on the Official Press Bureau. London, H.M. Stat. Off., 1915. 3p. (Cmd. paper 7680) G258
British censorship plans, World War I, presented by John T. Graves.
Grebstein, Sheldon N. Monkey Trial: The State of Tennessee vs. John Thomas Scopes. New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1960. 221p. G259
A casebook of the famous evolution trial in which lawyers William Jennings Bryan and Clarence Darrow were pitted against each other. The case involved the use of a high school textbook, George Hunter's Civic Biology. The present work includes large sections from the transcript of the trial, newspaper accounts, the court decision, and other documents.
-------. "Sex, Censorship, and Morality in the Modern Novel." Kentucky Library Association Bulletin, 25:16-25, January 1961. G260
[Greeley, Horace]. The Littlejohn Libel Suit. The Case of DeWitt C. Littlejohn against Horace Greeley, Tried at the Oswego Term of the Supreme Court of the State of New York, at Pulaski, Sept. 10-13, 1861 . . . Containing the Rulings of Judge [William J.] Bacon, the Arguments, and Points of Messrs. D. H. Marsh, I. T. Williams, John H. Porter, Chas. S. Sedgewick, and Henry T. Foster. Phonographically Reported by James L. Crosby. New York, The Tribune Association, 1861. 56p. G261
Relates to a charge of libel against the editor of the New York Tribune for articles appearing in that paper. The jury disagreed--nine were for the defendant, two for nominal damages, and one for heavy damages--so the case was dismissed.
Green, Beriah. The Martyr. A Discourse, in Commemoration of the Martyrdom of the Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy, delivered in Broadway Tabernacle, New York; and in the Bleecker Street Church, Utica. New York, American Anti-Slavery Society, 1838. 18p. G262
A eulogy on Lovejoy as a Christian martyr and an assault on the institution of slavery. Only incidentally touches on freedom of the press.
Green, Bernard. "Federalism and the Administration of Criminal Justice: The Treatment of Obscenity in the United States, Canada and Australia." Kentucky Law Journal, 51:667-702, Summer 1963. G263 §
"It is the purpose of this article to examine how each of three countries--the United States, Canada, and Australia--has tried to solve these obscenity problems in the context of their particular circumstances." The author examines the three countries under three major categories: the federal structure, the testing of obscenity as formulated by the legislatures and interpreted by the courts, and the obscenity laws in operation.
-------. "Obscenity, Censorship and Juvenile Delinquency." University of Toronto Law Journal, 14:229-52, 1962. G264
"There is widespread belief that a causal relationship exists between an allegedly increased dissemination of obscene material and the increase of juvenile delinquency ratio. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the evidence for this belief with a view to deciding whether present methods of controlling the content of communication are justified or adequate." The author finds "no scientific studies showing that exposure to obscenity is a causal factor in juvenile delinquency. . . . The view that seems to be supported best by the evidence is that obscenity is unlikely to harm any but the disturbed juvenile, and that, even in this case, the effect is probably slight." Nevertheless, because of widespread popular belief of the harmfulness of obscenity to children and the inability of parents to cope with the problem, some state intervention seems necessary. "A system of age classification would seem to offer the best hope." Such a system would not restrict the free flow of adult material to adult readers or viewers, but would protect juveniles. Books and magazines could be imprinted with a special sign prohibiting sale to anyone under a specified age; adult radio and television shows could be scheduled for late evening hours. A proposed censorship board should be staffed by child psychologists, psychiatrists, educators, communications experts, and teachers of English drawn from universities. Due process must be preserved; counsel must have the right to submit evidence and make arguments; and the decision must be open to the public. Such a system of classification-censorship, which will protect juveniles, should obviate the need for extralegal censorship.
Green, Edward. "How Can the Public Mind Be Safeguarded: The Problem of Library Censorship." Municipal Journal, 44:1823-24, 11 October 1935. G265
Green, Francis V. "Uses and Misuses of Censorship; Modern War Function Has Developed until Many of its Rules Serve Only to Annoy People at Home Without Concealing News from the Enemy." New York Times Magazine, 28 April 1918, pp. 4-5. G266
Green, Reginald H. "Freedom, Responsibility and the Student Press." Masthead, 10(2):14-16, Spring 1958. G267
A National Student Association officer states that student newspapers should not be under the control of the university administration that faculty advice is welcome but not faculty control. "We contend that freedom of the collegiate press is theoretically desirable and practically obtainable."
Greenaway, Emerson. "An Informed Public." Library Journal, 77:1123-27 July 1952. G268
The librarian of Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore, describes how that library, through its "statement of objectives" in book selection, seeks to provide freedom for ideas. He discusses the danger of censorship and how public libraries can combat it.
Greene, William V. "Your Catholic Conscience: Is That Book on the Index?" Our Lady of Perpetual Help Magazine, 3:317-19, July 1940. G269
Greenfield, Meg. "How We Got Protected from Communist Propaganda." Reporter, 27:22-25, 25 October 1962. G270
An account of the passage of the Cunningham amendment to the federal bill increasing postal rates (1962), whereby unsealed mail that comes into the country from abroad and is designated Communist propaganda will be held and the addressee notified that such mail will be delivered only on request. There is a "white list" of legitimate recipients exempted from the restrictions.
Greenslade, D. R. W. "The Press Council of Great Britain as Seen by a Working Journalist." Grassroots Editor, 6(2):5-9, April 1965. G271 §
The editor of the Mansfield Chronicle Advertiser concludes that "from the point of view of journalistic ethics the Press Council is doing a useful job in providing a yardstick for behavior and possibly a deterrent from excess."
Greenslet, Ferris. "Are All Things Pure?" Saturday Review of Literature, 5:333-34, 10 November 1928. G272
A review of Ernst and Seagle's To the Pure . . ., with Mr. Greenslet's own ideas on obscenity laws, particularly in Massachusetts. The book, he believes, is better calculated to provide ammunition and entertainment to the proponents of complete freedom than to convince the objectors. He concludes his remarks with the observation that in the millennium "not the shocking volume but the shocked reader may be haled into court."
[Greenspan, Lou, ed.]. "The Journal Looks at Film Censorship around the World." Journal of the Screen Producers Guild, 11(6):1-42, December 1963. G273 §
A brief history of film censorship in the United States is presented by Geoffrey Shurlock, administrator of the Production Code; Britain's independent censorship is described by John Trevelyan, secretary of the British Board of Film Censors; Canadian film censorship is described by Hye Bossin; Australia's "liberal censorship" by Colin J. Campbell, chief Commonwealth film censor. The case for and against film censorship in the United States is presented by Kenneth MacGowan. There are also brief articles on movie censorship in Argentina, France, Germany, Japan, Sweden, Mexico, Brazil, Belgium, and Spain.
[-------]. "The Journal Looks at Film Classification." Journal of the Screen Producers Guild, 7(9):1-27, September 1961. G274 §
A cross section of opinion on the question: Should the American film industry adopt a rating system similar to that used in Great Britain. Eric Johnston looks at both sides of the classification system in his article, Classification--a Noise or an Echo? Father Harold C. Gardiner writes favorably of classification; John Trevelyan, secretary of the British Board of Film Censors, describes the British system; Albert M. Pickus, president of the Theater Owners of America, presents the views of the exhibitor; Msgr. Thomas F. Little, of the Legion of Decency, favors classification; film critic Richard L. Coe believes "the complete categorizing of films would defeat what we boast of as freedom"; Charles Schnee, president of the Writers' Guild of America, favors having the industry try classification; and S. Franklin Mack, of the National Council of Churches, favors advisory classification from the industry to help the people make their own selections.
[-------]. "The Journal Looks at the Production Code . . . Should It Be Abolished?" Journal of the Screen Producers Guild, 7(1):1-38, March 1965. G275 §
"Has the Code actually outlived its usefulness and should it, perhaps, be put to rest? Or, is it doing its best to 'hold the line' and should it be encouraged to go on?" The following writers discuss the issue: Walter M. Mirisch, producer, Bishop Gerald Kennedy, of the Methodist Church; John Houseman, producer; Richard L. Coe, critic; Michael Blankfort, writer; Geoffrey Shurlock, administrator of the Code; Max E. Youngstein, producer; William H. Mooring, Catholic film critic; Sumner M. Redstone, theater operator; Charles A. Alicoate, publisher of Film Daily; and George Cukor, producer.
Greenway, Cornelius. "In the Name of Religion." Library Journal, 77:1342-43, 1 September 1952. G276
Excerpts from an address by the pastor of All Souls Universalist Church, Brooklyn, to the Religious Round Table of the American Library Association. Dr. Greenway stated that many distinguished propagandists "sin against our public libraries. These self-styled and self-appointed censors are sorely tempted to look down upon and harshly condemn those with whom they differ in politics, religion, or race. It is the duty of the librarian and his staff to keep free the circulation of ideas. . . . It is the public's duty to defend the librarians and their staffs from all the attacks by the various pressure groups."
Greg, Sir Walter W. Licensers for the Press, &c to 1640; a Biographical Index Based Mainly on Arber's Transcript of the Register of the Company of Stationers. Oxford, Eng., Oxford Bibliographical Society, 1962. 109p. (Publications, new series, vol. 10) G277
-------. Some Aspects and Problems of London Publishing Between 1550 and 1650. London, Oxford University Press, 1956. 131p. (Lyell Lectures, Oxford, Trinity Term, 1955) G278
Based on records of the Company of Stationers, these six lectures relate to the printing monopoly it held in England. Lecture 3 deals with the licensing of the press. Lecture 6 deals with the question of whether copies of a play were sometimes entered in the Stationers' Register, not with the intention of publication, but rather in order to prevent publication.
Gregg, Pauline. Free-Born John; a Biography of John Lilburne. London, Harrap, 1961. 424p. G279
A full-length biography of the colorful leader of the seventeenth-century Levellers. For his fight for freedom of the press Lilburne was whipped and pilloried by the Star Chamber, imprisoned by the Long Parliament, banished, and twice put on trial for his life. This scholarly biography is based on the prolific tracts of Lilburne himself and on other contemporary documents.
Gregorius, Adam S. "Literary Volsteadism." Saturday Review of Literature, 5:1180, 13 July 1929. G280
In a letter to the editor the writer notes that whatever the original intent of the Tariff Act of 1922 with respect to obscenity, its present effect is to give complete protection to American publishers by keeping out foreign production of books readily obtainable in America.
Gregory, Francis. A Modest Plea for the Due Regulation of the Press, In Answer to several Reasons lately Printed against it. London, R. Sare, 1698. 46p. G281
Written as an answer to Mathew Tindal's A Letter to a Member of Parliament . . ., in which Tindal opposed government licensing of the press. Gregory, the Rector of Hambleton, argues that "since this unlimited Liberty of the Press would certainly be . . . an in-let to Schisms, Heresies, and a great variety of Opinions and Practices in matters of Religion; the allowance of it can never consist with that Command of God . . ." Two years earlier, in his A Divine Antidote against a Devilish Poyson, Gregory recommended burning for John Smith's A Designed End to the Socinian Controversy (1693), which he described as "so abominably foul, that nothing can purge it, save only that which consumes it."
Gregory, Goldwin. "Canada Mollycoddled by Press, Radio." Saturday Night, 57:6-7, 20 September 1941. G282
The Canadian press and radio have not been presenting a full and accurate picture of world conditions. The fault is not with the Press Censor, who is reasonable, but with the publishers of the daily papers. "The offenses range from outright distortion or faking of news; through the deliberate withholding of news; through the expression editorially of opinions based on deliberately falsified news items; through the use of headlines which misleadingly color the news; right down to the comparatively trivial, but nonetheless inexcusable offense of reporting matters of political import with a bias to correspond to the party allegience of the particular newspaper."
Gregory, Horace. "The Return of Lady C." Nation, 188:501-2, 30 May 1959. G283
In his novel Lawrence "advanced two warnings to his readers: the dangers of sexual and intellectual sterility; a growing lack of actual communication between human beings." Only the unexpurgated edition "deserves the promise of immortality." Censorship makes the book uneasily suggestive and intellectually dishonest.
Gregory, Robert. "Postal Censorship. Why the Postoffice Has No Time for Your Mail. One, 9(8):5-18, August 1961. G284
In 1957 the U.S. Supreme Court, One, Inc. v. Olesen, reversed a lower-court ban on the mailing rights of this publication which calls itself, "The Homosexual Magazine."
Gregory, Ruth, comp. "Readings on Book Selection and Intellectual Freedom, 1954-1961." ALA Bulletin, 56:145-49, February 1962. "A Selected List, 1962-67." ALA Bulletin, 62:64-69, January 1968. G285
An annotated list that includes a section on Sensitive Areas and Controversies.
Greig, George. Facts Connected with the Stopping of the South African Commercial Advertiser. A Facsimile Reproduction of the Original Handbill and Its First Postscript together with a Transcript of the Subsequent Postscript. Cape Town, Africane Connoisseurs, 1963. 29p. G286
[Grenville, George]. Speech of the Right Honourable Gentleman on the Motion for Expelling Mr. Wilkes, Friday, February 3, 1769. London, J. Almon, 1769. 54p. (Reprinted in A Collection of Scarce and Interesting Tracts . . ., vol. 3, pp.3-40) G287
Relates to the case of John Wilkes, expelled from Parliament for his North Briton and Essay on Woman. Grenville joined with Burke in arguing against expulsion on the grounds of futility in rejecting a member who would only be returned in the next election.
Gressle, Lloyd E. "The Pastor and Censorship." Pastoral Psychology, 12:39-48, January 1962. G288
"When the clergyman moves into the area of censorship he runs the danger of playing God and dictating to others on the basis of his own level of taste; the Church cannot meet the problem of obscenity unless it sheds its pose of self-righteous respectability and meets it with keen insight based on all the scientific factors available."
Grey, James G., comp. Freedom of Thought and Speech in New Zealand, a Serious Menace to Liberty; the Story of the Boers, Things Worth Knowing. Wellington, Wright & Grenside, 1900. 80p. G289
Griffin, John H. "Current Trends in Censorship." Southwest Review, 47:193-200, Summer 1962. G290 §
A summary of recent episodes in censorship in the United States with special attention given to the Texas scene. The author describes in some detail the recent attack on history textbooks by a group calling itself "Texans for America." J. Evetts Haley, speaking for this organization declared: "The stressing of both sides of a controversy only confuses the young and encourages them to make snap judgments based on insignificant evidence. Until they are old enough to understand both sides of a question, they should be taught only the American side." Griffin is the author of The Devil Rider Outside, under attack in Detroit but freed in a U.S. Supreme Court ruling, Butler v. Michigan.
-------. "Prude and the Lewd--Wherein the Bigger Peril?" Nation, 181:382-84, 5 November 1955. (Reprinted in Downs, The First Freedom, pp. 148-51) G291
The author attacks local censorship groups which perform extralegal pressures to attain their ends. "No one would deny the right of any sectarian group to discourage its members from reading books which are offensive to it, but such a prerogative becomes vicious when it is used to deprive others who are not members of that particular group, from access to the work to which they have a perfect right, according to the legal standards of the United States. . . . Censorship, by depriving the community of the right of access to serious works because it cannot distinguish pornography from realism, thereby commits mankind to a cultural and ethical hara-kiri."
Griffin, William J. "Notes on the Early Control of the Stage." Modern Language Notes, 58(1):50-54, January 1943. G292 §
-------. Tudor Control of Press and Stage. Iowa City, State University of Iowa Press, 1939. 198p. G293
In the first chapter the author outlines the development of press control in Tudor England under the Stationers' Company and stage control under the Revels Office. Chapter two includes a calendar of evidence which bears on the subject of press and stage control. Incidents are arranged in chronological order, beginning with the appointment of Peter Actors, in 1485, as Stationer to the King through the death of Elizabeth in 1603. In that year plays were prohibited for five days before and two weeks after Elizabeth's death. The study is not a history of regulations but the chronological organization of materials from which such a history could be written.
Griffith, David W. The Rise and Fall of Free Speech in America. Los Angeles, The Author, 1916. 42p. G294
Criticism of the widespread censorship of movies that hampers free expression and the serious development of the cinema art. A collection of editorials, speeches, and satirical cartoons.
Griffith, Emlyn I. "Mayflower Rule--Gone but Not Forgotten." Cornell Law Quarterly, 35:574-91, Spring 1950. G295
Court decisions relating to editorializing on the air, 1941-49.
Griffith, Hubert F. Red Sunday; a Play in Three Acts . . . With a Preface on the Censorship. London, Cayme Press, 1929. 90p. (First published in 1912) G296
The preface (pp. vii-xxiv), "contributed by an eminent authority," is in the form of a letter to the author, purportedly from a native of the South Pacific Island, Ping-Pang-Bong. The writer discusses the reasons for the ban of Red Sunday by the Lord Chamberlain--because it deals with the Russian Revolution, too recent an event to be shown on the English stage, and because it portrays the late Czar Nicholas II, a relative of the ruling house of England. The author follows with a general history and criticism of English stage censorship. "The free play of thought that has always been one of the glories of your island, and that has perhaps been the best of all your gifts to the world, should be as unrestricted in your theatre as in your literature."
Griswold, Erwin N. "When Newsmen Become Newsmakers." Saturday Review, 47(43):21-23, 24 October 1964. G297
"The Warren Report [investigating the Kennedy assassination] makes clear that the press did more than cover a story in Dallas a year ago. Here the dean of the Harvard Law School argues the case for a measure of restraint."
Griswold, Whitney. "A Little Learning." Atlantic Monthly, 190:49-53, November 1952. (Stearns Lecture given at Phillips Academy, Spring 1952) G298
In a criticism of shortcomings in American education, the President of Yale University describes the strange state of mind that reasons "if a little learning is a dangerous thing, a lot of learning is a much more dangerous thing." At one point he discusses the banning of books. "Books won't stay banned. They won't burn. Ideas won't go to jail. In the long run of history, the censor and the inquisitor have always lost. The only sure weapon against bad ideas is better ideas."
Gronouski, John A. "Control Without Censorship." Yale Political, 3(1):12, 29-30, Autumn 1963. G299
"In this, his first official policy statement in the field of obscenity control, the Postmaster General defends our present laws as an effective weapon against pornography yet asserts that the role played by the Post Office is not that of a censor."
[Grosman, Alan M.]. "Obscenity--Censorship of Obscene Literature--Constitutional Law." New York Law Forum, 9:371-84, August 1963. G300
Grove Press lost the New York battle in its nationwide campaign for unrestricted distribution of Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer in a split decision by the New York Court of Appeals, July 1963.
"The Group: Australian Uproar." Bookseller, 3042:1594-95, 11 April 1964. G301
"The uncertainty about the workings of the obscenity law in this country that followed the Bow Street condemnation of Fanny Hill is as nothing compared with that which has followed the Victoria State action against The Group in Australia."
"Group Libel Laws: Abortive Efforts to Combat Hate Propaganda." Yale Law Journal, 61:252-64, February 1952. G302
Grove Press. A Digest of Press Opinion: The U.S. Post Office vs. Lady Chatterley's Lover. New York, Grove Press, [1959]. 8p. G303 §
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