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Gillmore, Donald M. Free Press and Fair Trial. Washington, D.C., Public Affairs Press, 1966. 254p. G102
A documented account of the conflict between press and bar over the right of the press and the public to full coverage of court news and the right of the accused to a fair trial. Attention is given to state, federal, and Supreme Court decisions, and to the Jack Ruby, Billie Sol Estes, and other celebrated trials involving conflict of interests. Recommendations of the Warren Report and press-bar codes of ethics are included.
-------. "Free Press and Fair Trial in English Law." Washington and Lee Law Review, 22:17-42, Spring 1965. G103
In England Parliament and the courts have "already given priority to fair trial, and, through the consistent and vigorous use of the contempt power, have greatly restricted press comment on judicial proceedings."
-------. "Free Press v. Fair Trial: A Continuing Dialogue." North Dakota Law Review, 41:156-76, January 1963. G104
A professor of journalism considers the contribution of recent communications research, suggesting further study in the nature of experiments, interviews, content analysis, and participant observations.
-------. "Free Press versus Fair Trial: A New Era?" Journalism Quarterly, 41:27-37, Winter 1964. G105
Legislation rather than contempt of court might be the answer to pretrial publicity if self-regulation is unsuccessful.
-------. "Freedom in Press Systems and the Religious Variables." Journalism Quarterly, 39:15-26, Winter 1962. G106
"Although there appears to be a relationship between Christianity and political democracy, of which freedom of expression is a part, concomitant variables also need to be considered. An examination of the world's great religions suggests that few of them, when considered in isolation, are incompatible with press freedom."
-------. "Trial by Newspaper": The Constitutional conflict between Free Press and Fair Trial in English and American Laws. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota, 1961. 386p. (Ph.D. dissertation, University Microfilms, no. 62-1781) G107
Gillmore, Frank. "The Theatre Stands under the Shadows of a Padlock." American Federationist, 35:316-20, March 1928. G108
The secretary of Actors' Equity denounces the Wales Padlock bill, amending the New York Penal Code, providing that any theater which has housed a play convicted of immorality by the state courts might have its license revoked for a period of one year. "The theatre may need an occasional cleaning up, but a padlock is a poor instrument for such work."
Gillotti, Chris F. "Book Censorship in Massachusetts: The Search for a Test for Obscenity." Boston University Law Review, 42:476-91, Fall 1962. G109
A review of the legal concept of obscenity in Massachusetts from Colonial days to the present, including such noteworthy cases as Commonwealth v. Holmes (1821), Commonwealth v. McCance (1894), Lady Chatterley's Lover (1930), An American Tragedy (1930), Strange Fruit (1945), and the most recent case, Tropic of Cancer (1962). While Massachusetts decisions are now liberalized and the old stigma of "banned in Boston" has disappeared, the Commonwealth still does not have a legal definition of "obscenity" and, in view of the narrow majority in decisions of the Supreme Judicial Court, "the author who has something to say, and intends to say it at any cost still runs the risk of judicial censure."
Gimbel, Richard. "Thomas Paine Fights for Freedom in Three Worlds, the New, the Old, the Next. Catalogue of an Exhibition Commemorating The One Hundred Fiftieth Anniversary of His Death. Yale University Library, October 1959." Proceedings, American Antiquarian Society, 70 (n.s.):397-492, 19 October 1960. G110
A bibliographical record of one of the world's most often-suppressed writers. The annotations give evidence of action in America and England against Paine's Rights of Man and Age of Reason. The exhibition is from the Paine collection of Richard Gimbel. Item 117 in the catalog is a contemporary manuscript of Age of Reason. After the work had been declared blasphemous, Gimbel notes, printed copies of the work were so scarce that manuscript copies were circulated.
Gimlette, Thomas. "Books Burnt." Notes and Queries, 12 (ser. 1):31, 14 July 1855. G111
Reference to the burning in Ireland (1715) of A Long History of a Short Session of a Certain Parliament in a Certain Kingdom.
Ginger, Ray. Six Days or Forever? Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes. Boston, Beacon, 1958. 258p. (Reprinted as Signet Book by New American Library, 1960) G112
A dramatic and humane account of the famous Tennessee "monkey trial" over the teaching of the theory of evolution in the public schools. This 1925 case involved the use of a high school textbook, George Hunter's Civic Biology. Chapter 10 of Ginger's work refers to other cases of textbook censorship. Scrapbooks of clippings relating to the Scopes trial are on file in Princeton University Library.
Ginsburgh, Abraham R. War Correspondents in the American Expeditionary Forces. Columbia, Mo., University of Missouri, 1931. 197p. (Unpublished Master's thesis) G113
Ginzburg, Ralph. "Eros on Trial." Fact, 2(3):1-64, May-June 1965. G114
The entire issue is devoted to an account of the Post Office action against Eros, a magazine "devoted to the joys of love and sex," and two other works published by Ginzburg, and the ensuing trial in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Ginzburg was sentenced to 5 years in prison and $42,000 in fines. The U.S. Court of Appeals affirmed conviction. At the time of writing the case is before the U.S. Supreme court. (On 21 March 1966 the U.S. Supreme Court in a 5 to 4 decision affirmed the conviction of Ginzburg.) Included in the article is defense testimony of art professor Horst W. Janson, literary critic Dwight Macdonald, psychiatrist Dr. Peter G. Bennett, and the Rev. George Von Hilsheimer III, and the direct examination by the defense of the prosecution's witness, psychiatrist Dr. Frignito. This issue of Fact also includes A Portfolio of the Most Beautiful Art from Eros. Three amici curiae briefs were filed with the Supreme Court--the ACLU, the Authors League of America, and one signed by 111 leaders in art, science, theology, education, law, and entertainment. Ginzburg notes that, "despite the fact that this brief carried the most impressive sponsorship of any brief ever filed in the entire history of the United States Supreme Court, not one single word concerning the brief . . . appeared anywhere in the American press. The big newspaper story published about free speech during the week of the brief's filing had to do with a poet who was unable to get his poems published in Russia."
-------. An Unhurried View of Erotica. New York, Helmsman, 1958. 128p. Introduction by Theodor Reik; preface by George J. Nathan. G115
A collection of excerpts and fragments from the erotic and scatological writings that have moved under the surface of English literature from the first traces in the Anglo-Saxon Exeter Book up to the pornographic works of our time. These samples are brought together into an interpretive and explanatory context to provide an informative and often witty account. Dr. Reik comments on the psychological and sociological implications of erotica. A bibliography of 100 titles is given on pages 117-25.
Girodias, Maurice. "Advance Through Obscenity." Times Literary Supplement, 6 August 1964, pp. 708-9. G116
Commentary on the author's establishment of the Olympia Press in Paris to "push the white-hot brand of pornography down the censor's throat." Girodias believes that literary censorship in England and America will have disappeared in five or ten years.
[-------]. "The Arrest of Maurice Girodias; Literary Censorship in France." City Lights Journal, 2:7-13, 1964. G117
An account of the conviction of the publisher of the Olympia Press, Paris, on obscenity charges for publication of six English-language books. Includes text of letter of protest to Minister of Cultural Affairs Andre Malraux from a group of French writers, also references to an earlier letter of protest of bans on Olympia Press books (1959) from prominent British and American writers.
-------. "Confessions of a Booklegger's Son." Censorship, 3:2-16, Summer 1965. G118 §
The founder of the Olympia Press in Paris (his father, Jack Kahane, had founded the Obelisk Press), which published English editions of such works as Nabokov's Lolita, Genet's Our Lady of the Flowers, and works of Henry Miller, as well as a host of "dirty books" for the English and American trade, tells the story of his publishing career. From 1956 onward, French censorship descended upon Girodias, and the result of numerous trials was "eighty years' personal ban from all publishing activities, from four to six years unsuspended prison sentences, and some £ 29,000 in fines." While England and America have moved to a new level of moral and artistic freedom, "the very concept is being denied, denigrated, and officially ostracised in France."
-------. "Pornography Is My Business." Books and Bookmen, 7(11):31-34, August 1962. G119
"To deprave and corrupt is my business. It is my business to publish those forbidden books, those outrageous obscenities." The author is head of the Olympia Press, Paris, and the article is a chapter from the book To Deprave and Corrupt . . .
Gladstone, J. M. "Censorship." Library Assistant, 37:2-8, March-April 1944. G120
A brief sketch of British censorship from the sixteenth century to the present.
Glasgow, Ellen. Five Letters from Ellen Glasgow concerning Censorship and Other Matters of Interest to a Library Board Member. With an Introductory Note by Louis D. Rubin, Jr. Richmond, Friends of the Richmond Public Library, 1962. 10p. G121
When there was public furor over Sinclair Lewis' Elmer Gantry, the librarian of the Richmond Public Library solicited the views of the distinguished library board member, Ellen Glasgow. She wrote on 14 March 1927: "I am unequivocally opposed to such censorship in a public library."
[Glasgow, J. Wesley]. In the Supreme Court of the United States; October Term, 1911. No. 1123. [J. Wesley Glasgow, Appellant v. Wm. H. Moyer, Warden, Appellee.] Brief for Appellant. Columbian Printing Co., 1911. 21p. G122
The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed Glasgow's conviction of obscenity for his book, Personal Beauty and Sexual Science. (Glasgow v. Moyer, 225 U.S. 420)
Glenesk, William B. ["The Reverend William B. Glenesk exhibits a copy of Fanny Hill from the pulpit of the Spencer Memorial Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, N.Y., on March 3, 1964."] Wilson Library Bulletin, 39:664-65, April 1965. G123
A photograph taken in the church sanctuary of the minister who delivered a sermon protesting the court ban of Fanny Hill and displayed copies of the book and a dozen other works once banned.
Glenn, Garrard. "Censorship at Common Law and under Modern Dispensation." University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 82:114-28, December 1933. G124
A review of the long history of efforts made in England and America to use censorship as a matter of state policy, to control expression and bring about conformity in the realm of religion, politics, and morals. The author observes that there has always been a frame of control around us, but in recent years it has been somewhat loosened. "We had better continue in a wholesome state of watchfulness, for who knows what may break through again ?"
Glick, Alvin M. "Group Libel and Criminal Libel." Buffalo Law Review, 1:259-67, Spring 1952. G125
[Godden, Gertrude M.]. The Stage Censor, an Historical Sketch: 1544-1907 . . . With 16 Illustrations from photographs of rare prints, and contemporary portraits by Marie Léon. By G.M.G. London, Sampson Low, Marston, 1908. 128p. G126
The author traces the development of stage censorship from the Tudor period, when the Master of Revels, the Privy Council, and the Star Chamber dealt harshly with dramatists and actors, to modern censorship under the Lord Chamberlain dating back to 1737. Includes discussion of the laxness of Stage Censor Thomas Killigrew during the Restoration, the attacks on the immorality of the stage by Jeremy Collier, and censorship of the plays of Dryden, Gay, Thomson, Garnett, and Maeterlinck, to name a few. There are portraits of Lord Chancellor Rich, sixteenth century examiner of plays; Philip Massinger, author of a play personally expurgated by Charles I; James Shirley (1594-1666), author of a play expurgated by the Master of Revels; Sir William D'Avenant (1605-68), stage licenser; Thomas Killigrew (1611-82), Master of Revels; John Dryden, John Gay, James Thomson, and Theodore Hook, author of an expurgated farce; Mary Russell Mitford (1789-1855), author of two banned plays; Edward Garnett, whose play, The Breaking Point, was prohibited; and Granville-Barker, author of Waste, prohibited in 1907. The dramatic author of 1907 finds himself under an authority derived with little change from the Tudor kings, "still unaltered and uncontrolled, 'the one irresponsible and secret tribunal in the land."' The appendix contains a letter addressed to the Prime Minister opposing censorship of plays in England, signed by 71 prominent authors and playwrights.
Goette, John. "I've Learned Something New About Censors! Quill, 27(1):10-11, January 1939. G127
How and why American newsmen can tell the truth about the Sino-Japanese war.
Golden, Aubrey. "Aubrey Golden Opposes Saddling the Courts with the Thankless Job of Censorship." Saturday Night, 79:14-15, May 1964. G128
Golden, Harry. "Protest for Eleven Books." In his Only in America, Cleveland, World, 1958, pp. 289-92. G129
An essay on book burning in which Golden recalls the great works of past generations that were destroyed.
Golden, John. "Our Decadent Drama." Authors' League Bulletin, 15(1):9-11, April 1927. G130
"If we don't clean up our house from the inside there will be forced on us a thing that strangles art, expression, and all progress in the theatre--censorship."
"Golden Bowl and Silver Porringer." New Statesman, 67:212-14, 7 February 1964. G131
A discussion of the sexual revolution of the present century and the fact that the "cause of literature is now often thought to be closely associated with the cause of sexual emancipation." The case of Fanny Hill, to be decided before a magistrate, is the basis for the editorial, which concludes: "The indignant, the high-minded, the private grievers, are not the only ones who may lay claim to literary merit. The celebration of the body's pleasures may also be an act of the spirit. Even when it is not, though it may not be literature, it is hardly a crime."
Goldenson, Leonard H. Responsible Broadcasting: The Freedom to Inform, the Duty to Protect. New York, American Broadcasting Company, 1964. 8p. G132 §
An address by the president, American Broadcasting Co., upon receipt of the 1963 Gold Medal Award from the Poor Richard Club, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, 17 January 1964. While recognizing that we must "strike a balance between the need to inform the American people against the need to protect an individual's right," the writer urges re-examination of rules and attitudes toward electronic coverage of trials, hearings, and other public events covered by the newspaper press. It is now technically possible to cover such events without massive equipment and without interference with the conduct of the trial.
Goldfarb, Ronald. "Ensuring Fair Trials." New Republic, 150(9):11-14, 29 February 1964. G133
The lawyer as well as the newspaper should avoid pretrial publicity.
-------. "Public Information, Criminal Trials and the Cause Celebre." New York University Law Review, 36:810-38, April 1961. G134
"One of the most vexing contemporary legal problems is that posed by the effect of the reporting of the facts of a crime by the communications media upon the right of a criminal accused to a fair trial. When the right to a fair trial and freedom of the press conflict, there is little agreement on how to handle the situation." The author raises the various problems and complexities in the conflict and reports remedies that have been offered. "Unfortunately the solution seems to be slipping further from our grasp."
"Goldfarb Case Fought by Anti-Censorship Forces." Publishers' Weekly, 187:105-6, 18 January 1965. G135
Reviews the case of the temporary injunction by the New York Supreme Court against the distribution or showing of the film, John Goldfarb, Please Come Home, with quotations from Justice Greenberg's opinion. The article quotes from briefs filed in the Appellate Division in behalf of the defendant by the American Book Publishers Council and the American Civil Liberties Union.
Goldhill, Walter A. "Censorship of Political Broadcasts." Yale Law Journal, 58:787-95, April 1949. G136
The history of political broadcasting leading to the Port Huron decision of the Federal Communications Commission. Radio stations were required by the Communications Act of 1934 to grant equal time to qualified political speakers, without censorship. Some state laws, on the other hand, held stations liable for defamatory statements made in political broadcasts. The Port Huron decision stated that state laws must be suspended in favor of the federal law guaranteeing freedom of expression in the particular circumstances.
Goldman, Albert. "One Law for the Lion & Ox." Censorship, 2:2-6, Spring 1965. G137 §
The Lenny Bruce conviction in New York for giving an "obscene" performance "dramatically demonstrated the inadequacy of the current legal code to deal with the complex and conflict-laden issues of the sexual content of modern art and entertainment." Goldman concludes that "censorship rests on conditions of social homogeneity and respect for authority that are waining in a country like the United States. Blake's proverb, 'one law for the lion & ox is oppression,' has for us a meaning that becomes more poignant every day."
[Goldman, Emma]. [Conviction of Van K. Allison]. Mother Earth, 11:562-63, August 1916. G138 §
The editor of The Flame was given three years in prison for distributing birth control information.
[-------]. "Despite Jehovah and the Police." Mother Earth, 11:730-33, January 1917. G139 §
Deals with the arrest of Ben Reitman in Cleveland for distributing birth control information.
[-------]. "Emma Goldman before the Bar." Mother Earth, 9:496-507, May 1916. (Also in the Masses, June 1916) G140 §
Argument presented at the trial of Emma Goldman for disseminating birth control information. (State of New York v. Emma Goldman.)
-------. "My Arrest and Preliminary Hearing." Mother Earth, 11:426-30, March 1916. G141 §
The author's account of her arrest for distributing birth control information.
[-------]. [ Poor Dear Anthony Has Passed Away"]. Mother Earth, 10:260-61, October 1915. G142 §
An editorial on the death of Anthony Comstock, commending his work for having made plain that "sexual pleasure is rendered doubly enticing by a dash of indecency."
[-------]. ["Suppression of Rabochaya Rech"]. Mother Earth, 11:663, November 1916. G143 §
An editorial on the suppression of the Worker's Voice by the Post Office Department.
[-------]. ["Suppression of Volné Listy."] Mother Earth, 11:532-33, July 1916. G144 §
An editorial on the Post Office suppression of this Bohemian anarchist paper. The publisher was required to submit an English translation of the 15 June issue.
[-------]. "Trial and Conviction of Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman." Mother Earth, 12:129-63, July 1917. G145 §
Relates to the conviction of two American anarchist leaders under the wartime Espionage Act. Reprinted in book form with the addresses of Harold A. Content, assistant U.S. Attorney, and the defendants to the jury.
Goldstein, Elmer J. "Constitutionality of Legislation Limiting Freedom of Speech and Press." University of Cincinnati Law Review, 9:265-72, May 1935. G146
Goldwater, A. L. "Abstract of Dr. A. L. Goldwater's Speech." Mother Earth, 11:460-63, April 1916. G147 §
Speech delivered before a mass meeting held at Carnegie Hall, New York City, 1 March 1916, to protest the arrest of Emma Goldman and others for distributing birth control information.
-------. "The Need for Free Discussion of Birth Control Methods." Birth Control Review, 1(2):5, March 1917. G148
Goldwater, John L. Americana in Four Colors; A Decade of Self Regulation by the Comics Magazine Industry. New York, Comics Magazine Association of America, 1964. 63p. G149
The president of Comics Magazine Association of America reports on the ten-year experience with the Comic Code Authority, which he states "has proved to be one of the most constructive achievements in publishing history." The codes for both editorial matter and advertising are included in the pamphlet.
Golin, Milt. "Bottling the Facts at the Factory." Quill, 52(2):24-25, February 1964. G150
A criticism of the practices of the Food and Drug Administration in premanagement of science news.
Gompers, Samuel. "As Others View Justice Wright's Decision." American Federationist, 16:216-22, March 1909. G151
Editorial on the contempt of court decision against Gompers, Mitchell and Morrison quoting press comments in support of the defendants.
-------. "Buck's Stove and Range Company Injunction Modified." American Federationist, 16:336-45, April 1909. G152
The decision in the appeal of the AFL against the injunction imposed by Justice Gould in the Buck's Stove case. The decision "eliminates the prohibition of free press and free speech as to printing or discussing anything in relation to the Buck's Stove and Range Company or discussion of the injunction itself." The text of the decision is given on pp. 313-35.
-------. "Constitutional Liberty Imperilled." American Federationist, 16:222-25, March 1909. G153
Gompers considers the broad implication of Justice Wright's decision against officers of the AFL as it pertains to a free press.
-------. "Court of Appeals Decision; Justice Wright's Abuse of Judicial Discretion." American Federationist, 20:449-60, June 1913. G154
In a second contempt of court case involving officers of the AFL, Justice Wright reaffirmed his earlier sentences; the Appeals Court upheld Wright, but reduced the sentences. Chief Justice Shepard dissented both in the injunction and the contempt case, holding, with Blackstone, that "every freeman has an undoubted right to lay what matter he pleases before the public." Any abuse of the right should be punished under laws made for the purpose. Gompers presents his own commentary as well as those of others on Judge Wright's actions.
[-------]. Dissenting Opinion of Mr. Justice Shepard of the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia, in the Contempt Case of Gompers, Mitchell and Morrison v. Buck's Store and Range Co. Trial by Judge and Jury by Hon. Henry Clay Caldwell . . . [Washington, D.C.], American Federation of Labor, 1910. 16p. G155
Convinced that the court was without authority to order Gompers, et al., to refrain from publication on the case, Judge Shepard believed that the contempt decree should be reversed.
-------. "Free Press and Free Speech Invaded by Injunction Against the A. F. of L." American Federationist, 15:98-105, February 1908. G156
An editorial denouncing as an invasion of the liberty of the press and the right of free speech the injunction issued 18 December 1907 by Justice Gould of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, enjoining the AFL and its officers from any reference whatsoever to the Buck's Stove and Range Company's relations to organized labor, either by printed, written, or spoken word.
-------. "Free Speech and the Injunction Order." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 36:255-64, September 1910. G157
President Gompers of the American Federation of Labor reviews the two court charges against the Federation (injunction and contempt) in the Buck's Stove and Range Company case. Both charges, he argues, are a violation of the constitutional right of free press and free speech. It is the duty of the people to protest a court decision that violates not only the Constitution but the inherent rights of man. He notes a tremendous popular indignation against the attempt of the court to abolish the right of free speech and press.
-------. "Guilty of Contempt, Says Justice Wright." American Federationist. 19:601-11, August 1912. G158
Justice Wright of the Supreme District Court of the District of Columbia, following the U.S. Supreme Court reversal of the decision against the officers of the AFL, once again imposes sentences on Gompers and Mitchell for contempt. Gompers quotes Judge James B. McGuire as stating that Judge Wright's decision "is the most far-reaching step yet to undermine and destroy the freedom of speech and of the press guaranteed by the Federal Constitution. Primarily it is intended to curb the governing power of organized labor, if not to destroy the labor movement. . . . If finally upheld, it must ultimately lead to the general censorship of speech and the press: If a court may, by injunction or otherwise, determine in advance what subjects may or may not be discussed, or what may or may not be said in a labor paper, why may it not in like manner abridge the freedom of all other publications."
-------. "Injunction Contempt Proceedings." American Federationist, 15:852-58, October 1908. G159
An editorial denying that officers of the AFL have disobeyed the spirit of a court injunction forbidding them from discussing the Buck's Stove and Range Company's labor relations. They insist upon the constitutional right to report to their members through their journal events in the case. "We have repeatedly and emphatically declared that it is not our purpose to violate the order of the court, but we can not consent to surrender the constitutional right of editorial expression upon any subject. If a test is to be made in our case, we shall not flinch from its consequences."
-------. "Justice Wright's Decision and Sentence in the Gompers, Mitchell and Morrison Case; the Appeal and Judge Parker's Magnificent Argument." American Federationist, 16:438-56, May 1909. G160
Comment on and quotations from the address by the defense attorney for the AFL in the Buck's Stove case.
-------. "Justice Wright's Denial of Free Speech and Free Press." American Federationist, 16: 130-32, February 1909. (Issued also as a separate 32-page pamphlet) G161
The entire issue deals with Justice Wright's decision in the Buck's Stove case, sentencing Samuel Gompers, John Mitchell, and Frank Morrison to prison for one year, nine months, and six months respectively for contempt of court, or, as Gompers put it "for exercising their constitutional rights of free speech and freedom of the press." The court proceedings and decision are given on pp. 102-24; replies of the defendants as to why sentence should not be imposed, pp. 129, 151; editorial comments, pp. 132-48; call for funds, pp. 149-50; letters of protest, pp. 152-67.
-------. "No Jail for Gompers, Mitchell and Morrison-Yet." American Federationist, 18:458-61, June 1911. G162
Comment on the reversal by the U.S. Supreme Court of the sentences imposed by the District of Columbia courts against officers of the AFL in the Buck's Stove case, but leaving open right of lower courts to punish "by a proper proceeding, contempt, if any, committed against it."
-------. "Sedition Bill Is Blow to Liberty . . ." International Molders Journal, 56:97-99, February 1920. G163
The president of the American Federation of Labor opposes a peacetime sedition law because it would continue a censorship of the American press not needed, and, in fact, harmful in time of peace.
Goodell, A. C., Jr. "Remarks on the Censorship of the Press in Massachusetts." Proceedings, Massachusetts Historical Society, 8 (ser. 2):271-73, 1892-94. G164
A brief survey of censorship in the colonial period.
Goodhart, Arthur L. "Freedom of Speech and Freedom of the Press." Washington University Law Quarterly, 1964:248-69, June 1964. G165
The author believes we may avoid total uncontrolled publication or, on the other hand, the imposing of censorship of the press under another name "if we construe the First Amendment as meaning that no unreasonable limitation or hindrance shall be placed on publication."
-------. "Newspapers and Contempt of Court in English Law." Harvard Law Review, 48:885-910, April 1935. G166
A review of the English law relating to press coverage of trials indicates that the law of constructive contempt of court meets with general approval. It has been successful in preventing prejudice of the trial by "newspaper convictions or acquittals." Since the trial itself is public and fully reported, only the sensational forms of gossip are eliminated.
[Goodkind, Gilbert E.]. "Goodkind, for A.B.A., Answers Hearst Drive." Publishers' Weekly, 150:810-11, 24 August 1946. G167
The executive secretary of the American Booksellers' Association issues a statement in answer to the nationwide campaign against alleged indecent literature launched by Hearst papers.
Goodman, Christopher. How Superior Powers Oght to be Obeyd. Reproduced from the Edition of 1558 with a Bibliographical Note by Charles H. McIlwain. New York, Published for the Facsimile Text Society by Columbia University Press, 1931. 234 p. G168
This work is a chief source for later theories of political disobedience. A proclamation issued by Philip and Mary decreed death for anyone found in possession of the book. In 1683, 125 years after publication, it was burned at Oxford University as a "treasonable" work.
Goodman, Jules E. "A Censor or Censorship." Authors' League Bulletin, 15(1):13-14, April 1927. G169
The author approves the proposed censorship of plays by a Committee of Nine as necessary to stave off less sympathetic censorship.
Goodman, Paul. "Censorship and Mass Media." Yale Political, 3(1):23, 40, Autumn 1963. G170
"At present, other factors of censorship are small potatoes in comparison with the aggrandizement and centralized control of mass-media; broadcasting, newspapers, national magazines, merging publishing houses with giant presses, advertising agencies. . . . They dictate for the public the limits of acceptable knowledge, feeling, and conversation with regard to what is news, what is decent as a standard of living, what is realistic as political policy, what is the norm of artistic expression, etc.
-------. "Dr. Reich's Banned Books." In his Utopian Essays and Practical Proposals. New York, Random House, 1962, pp. 138-44. (Appeared originally in Kultur, 1960) G171
The author objects to the banning of Dr. Reich's book, The Function of the Orgasm; The Cancer Biopathy, etc., by the Food and Drug Administration. That government agency objected to "statements pertaining to the existence of orgone energy." Goodman notes: "It is the hallmark of genius to pay attention to such dark and suppressed areas, and to find connections among entities that tend to be neglected." He accuses the New Republic of commissioning and then banning as scandalous a review of The Sexual Revolution and The Mass-Psychology of Fascism.
-------. "Pornography, Art and Censorship." Commentary, 31:203-12, March 1961; reply with rejoinder, 32:156-61, August 1961. (Reprinted in his Utopian Essays and Practical Proposals. pp. 51-69) G172 §
Censorship as "part of a general repressive anti-sexuality, causes the evil, creates the need for sadistic pornography sold at a criminal profit." Goodman predicts that censorship by police, administrators, and lower courts will continue to fail and will continue to create the evil it attempts to destroy. The author calls for a more principled high-level policy on obscenity that takes our mores into consideration.
Goodman, Robert W. "The Constitutional Guarantee of Freedom of the Press--Does It Cover the Right to Gather News?" Journal of Public Law, 8:596-601, 1959. G173
Garland v. Torre, 259 F 2d 545 (C.A. 2d, 1958).
[Goodman, Walter]. "How to Deal with Obscene Books." Redbook, 110(1):45, November 1957. (Reprinted in Downs, The First Freedom, p. 161) G174 §
Goodrich, Herbert F. "Does the Constitution Protect Free Speech?" Michigan Law Review, 19:487-501, March 1921. G175
A review of judicial decisions under war censorship, from the viewpoint of a liberal.
Goodwin, John. A Fresh Discovery Of The High-Presbyterian Spirit. Or The Quenching of the second Beacon fired. Declaring I. The Un-Christian Dealings of the Authors of a Pamphlet, Entituled, A Second Beacon Fired, &c. In presenting unto the Lord Protector and Parlament, a falsified passage out of one of Mr. John Goodwins Books, as containing, either Blasphemie, or Error, or both. II. The Evil of their Petition for subjecting the Libertie of the Press to the Arbitrariness and will of a few men. III. The Christian Equity, that satisfaction be given to the Person so notoriously and publickly wronged. Together with the Responsatory Epistle of the said Beacon Firers, to the said Mr. Goodwin, fraught with further revilings, falsifications, scurrilous language, &c. insteed of a Christian acknowledgment of their errour. Upon which Epistle some Animadversions are made. . . . London, Printed for the Author, and are to be sold by H. Cripps, and L. Ll., [1655]. 84p. (Reprinted in part in Clyde, Struggle for the Freedom of the Press, pp. 328-35) G176
An answer to pamphlets by the "Beacon Firers." "The setting of Watchmen with authority at the door of the press to keep errors and heresies out of the world is as weak a project and design, as it would be to set a company of armed men about a house to keep darkness out of it in the night season." This work is considered a landmark in expression on freedom of the press, although written in less elevated language than Milton's Areopagitica.
Goodwin, Maud W. "The Zenger Trial." In her Dutch and English on the Hudson: A Chronicle of Colonial New York. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1919, pp. 193-205. (Chronicles of America Series, 7) G177
Goodwine, John A. "Problems Respecting the Censorship of Books." Jurist, 10:152-83, April 1950. G178
Paper read at the regional meeting of the Canon Law Society of America, May 1949. Deals largely with prior-censorship by the Catholic Church.
Gordiner, Nadine. "Censored, Banned, Gagged." Encounter, 20:59-63, June 1963. G179
A South African novelist complains of the tight censorship controls imposed by the South African government on both locally published and imported works. Many of the suppressions are on political grounds, because they undermine the traditional race policy of the Republic. Censorship is imposed by a Publications Control Board in the Ministry of Interior and encompasses books, periodicals, plays, and films. Newspapers are exempt because the newspaper proprietors association accepted a self-censorship code. For fear of censorship booksellers are wary of books on contemporary affairs by South African authors, so book sales are consequently restricted.
Gordon, Edward. "Freedom to Teach and to Learn." PTA Magazine, 58:41-7, October 1963. G180
Censors, as individuals or national groups object to many different things with the result that many schools are afraid to present any ideas that are controversial. Crises over books should be brought out into the open. The article includes a form, prepared by the National Council of Teachers of English, to be filled out by a person objecting to a book, and to be submitted to a committee of teachers and administrators for consideration.
Gordon, Rosalie M. "Why You Can't Find Conservative Books in Public Libraries." Human Events, 18:591-94, 8 September 1961. G181
Accusation against the "liberal" review journals for their bias which affects the selection of books for public libraries. "A publicly-supported library has no right to depend entirely on these 'liberal' media in the purchase of books." The author urges conservatives to demand adequate provision of conservative works but not to try to ban or eliminate leftward-leaning books.
Gorer, Geoffrey. "The Uses of Pornography." London Magazine, 1(5):38-49, August 1961. (Also in Hewitt, Does Pornography Matter? pp. 27-40) G182 §
"To the best of my knowledge, there is no record of a society which has used literacy for profane and imaginative purposes and which has not produced books dealing with sexual topics." There are two contradictory fears which prompt censorship of pornography: first, that the reader will be excited into executing in real life the activities he has been seeing or reading about, and, secondly, that he will find sufficient stimulation in the fantasy so that he will not react sexually. The author believes that the latter is the more realistic response. He recommends some restriction, but not total prohibition, as a matter of public policy.
The Gorgon. London. 23 May 1818-24 April 1819. Weekly. G183
A penny half-sheet paper which espoused the causes of reform and philosophical radicalism, and attacked the aristocracy, Whig journalists, and the Society for Suppression of Vice. It frequently carried articles on freedom of the press. Edited by John Wade.
[Gorton, Samuel]. Simplicities Defence against Seven-Headed Policy. Or Innocency Vindicated, being unjustly Accused, and sorely Censured, by that Seven-headed Church Government United in New-England: or That Servant so Imperious in his Masters Absence Revived, and now thus re-acting in England. . . . London, Printed by J. Macock, 1646. 111p. (In Peter Force, Tracts, vol. 4, no. 6, 116p.; also in Rhode Island Historical Society, Collections, Providence, 1835. vol. 2) G184
Among the documents that Gorton quotes as evidence of the intolerance of the Church Government of the Massachusetts colony, is the verbatim account of his own trial for blasphemy. He was ordered to be confined "to Charlstowne, there to be set on worke, and to wear such bolts or irons, as may hinder his escape, and so to continue during the pleasure of the Court," and if, in the meantime, he "either by speech or writing, publish declare, or maintaine any of the blasphemous or abominable heresies" such as contained in the two books used as evidence, he would be tried, and, upon conviction, executed. Gorton's bolts were eventually filed off and he was banished from the colony and, subsequently, returned to England where this exposé was published.
Goss, C. W. F. "Nasty Literature." Library Association Record, 14:517-18, 15 October 1912. G185
Editorial recommending a middle course between unbound freedom and "grandmotherly legislation" which might suppress works of literary merit.
Gossage, Howard. "The Fictitious Freedom of the Press." Ramparts, 4(4):31-36, August 1965. G186
"In this century we have seen effective control of the press shift from the public, for whom it presumably exists, to the advertiser, who merely uses it to sell his wares to the public. It has shifted so much that the life or death of a publication no longer depends on whether its readers like it, but on whether advertisers like it." The author is an advertising man.
Gosse, Sir Edmund W. "Censorship of Books." English Review, 4:616-26, March 1910. (Reprinted in Living Age, 16 April 1910; excerpted in Downs, The First Freedom, pp. 1-2, and in Beman, Censorship of Speech and the Press, pp. 476-81) G187
Discussion of the current hubbub over the censorship activities of the English circulating libraries. The Circulating Libraries Association, formed to protect the British book trade from criticism, established a policy of refusing to "circulate or sell any book considered objectionable by any three members of the Association." It required publishers to submit books to the Association prior to publication. According to Gosse, the Association failed to consider the wishes of the author, and George Moore, whose books were not approved, set out to buck the system. As background to the present situation Gosse traces the history of censorship which he terms a Papal invention dating back to the fourth century.
Gott, J. W. "Gott in Jail for Libeling Christianity." Crucible [Seattle, Wash.], no. 38, 22 December 1917. G188
The author tells of his conviction and that of J. J. Riley for blasphemy.
[-------]. "Special." Freethinker (London), 41:105, 13 February 1921; 41:169, 13 March 1921. G189
The articles state the attitude of the [British] National Secular Society to the arrests of J. W. Gott on charges of blasphemy and obscenity. The first arrest was for distribution of an antireligious pamphlet, Rib Ticklers; the second arrest was for a pamphlet, How to Prevent Conception.
Gottesman, A. Edward. "Letter from London." Record of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, 18:371-76, June 1963. G190
Relates to criticism on the floor of the House of Commons of the protection of "lobby journalists," while at the same time other journalists (Vassall investigations) were convicted for refusing to reveal news sources. "The lobby privilege, sanctified by long usage, but not by law, allows a member of the House, or a Minister, to give the press inside hints on future developments or present problems while requiring the newsmen not to reveal the source of their information. . . . It is the counterpart of the 'leak' well-known to the American press, but less formally recognized in the web of United States press institutions."
Goucher College, Baltimore. Julia Rogers Library. "Books and Freedom." In The College Library in a Changing World. Baltimore, Goucher College, 1983, pp. 48-68. G191
A panel discussion on the freedom to read. Felix Morley speaks of the development of the critical faculty; Alan Barth speaks against "the barbarian invaders who now threaten to take away" the independence of American universities; Amy Winslow discusses freedom of access to books and information, drawing parallels between the dangerous trend in this country and methods now employed behind the Iron Curtain and giving special attention to labeling and blacklisting; Lloyd A. Brown discusses the printed book as a commodity "far more explosive than dynamite."
Goudeau, John M. "Intellectual Freedom." Aspects of Librarianship, 7:1-12, Summer 1955. G192
Brief account of the American Library Association's Library Bill of Rights and recent attempts at library censorship.
Gould, Kenneth M. "The Scarsdale Story." Humanist, 12:145-59, July-August 1952. G193
A report of "the clash of issues between the forces of liberty and those of obscurantism in our public schools" in the attempt to ban school textbooks in Scarsdale, N.Y. The Board of Education held to the "principles of educational freedom and responsibility . . . that books and speeches should be judged on the merit of their content and the educational use that is made of them."
"Government Clarifies Policy of Book and Library Program." Publishers' Weekly, 164:184-87, 18 July 1953. G194
A statement from the U.S. State Department (Robert L. Johnson) clarifying government policy on overseas library service which had earlier, under pressure of criticism by Senator Joseph R. McCarthy, led to confusion and book banning.
"Government Exclusion of Foreign Political Propaganda." Harvard Law Review, 68:1393-1409, June 1955. G195
"Faced with a flood of propaganda materials sent from abroad criticizing the United States or defending the policies of nations hostile to it, the Customs Bureau and the Post Office Department are undertaking a broad program of exclusion which appears to have rather doubtful statutory authority."
[Grady, Thomas]. An Authentic Report of the Interesting Trial for a Libel, contained in the Celebrated Poem, called "The Nosegay;" Wherein George Evans Bruce, Esq. was Plaintiff, and Thomas Grady, Esq.,
Defendant . . . At Summer Assizes, 1816. Containing the Speeches of Messrs. Goold, O'Connell, Burton, and Pennefeather . . . Limerick, Ire., Printed by A. J. Watson, for the Editor, [1816?]. 76p. G196
The plaintiff asked for £ 20,000 damage for a passage in Mr. Grady's long narrative poem, The Nosegay, that accused Bruce of no less than 40 offenses, from swindling to treason. The attorney for the plaintiff declared the poem a work of undoubted genius, but at the same time the most malignant ever before issued from the human mind, and as never before applied to the human character. The judge, in his charge to the jury, declared the work to be libelous beyond doubt, the only question was to what extent the plaintiff's reputation was damaged. The jury found for the plaintiff with a verdict of £ 500 damages. The editor of this report of the trial, in a preface, charges the editor of the Southern Reporter of Cork with suppressing the publication of the trial, hinting of bribery.
Graham, Arthur F. "Film Censorship Upheld." Ohio State Law Journal, 20:161-64, Winter 1959. G197
Notes on the case, Kingsley International Pictures Corp. v. Regents of University of State of New York, 358 U.S. 897 (1958).
Granahan, Kathryn. "When Pornography Aims at Your Home." Christian Herald, 83:12, 72-74, July 1960. G198
The chairman of the House of Representatives Subcommittee on Postal Operations discusses her bill, designed to help to restore "clean mail" service by giving postmasters authority to detain mail destined for suspected pornographers.
Grannis, C. B. "The Right to Read and the Responsibility to Teach." Publishers' Weekly, 182:35, 19 November 1962. G199
Grant, Arnold. "Censorship and Sex." Sexology, 3:238-39, December 1935. G200
Grant, James. The Newspaper Press: Its Origin, Progress, and Present Position. London, Tinsley, 1871. 2 vols. G201
A comprehensive history of the press of England, with numerous anecdotes on publishing and excerpts from interesting or unusual papers. There are references throughout to efforts at restraint of the press, with special treatment of the sixteenth-century licensing and Roger L'Estrange, The Craftsman, restrictions on Parliamentary reporting, the John Wilkes case, letters of Junius, the trial of John Horne Tooke, and the fight against "taxes on knowledge."
[Grant, M. R.]. Americanism vs. Roman Catholicism. Meridan, Miss., Truth Publishing Co., 1920. 173p. G202
Chapter 10 quotes Catholic clergy on the divine authority of the Church to establish a censorship.
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