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Faber, Geoffrey C. "On Censorship: Notes on a Proposed Literary Censorship." In his A Publisher Speaking. London, Faber & Faber, 1934, pp. 145-50. F1
The veteran British publisher marshals arguments against current proposals to establish a censorship department in the government. Any literary censorship, if it is to be effective, must include newspapers as well as books and magazines, for nine-tenths of the "immoral and disgusting" works emanate from this source. To screen effectively all works of the publishing industry would require a government organization of such a grand scale that it would collapse of its own weight. Censorship, even if it were thoughtfully administered, would thwart literary efforts, would hamper the spread of new ideas, and would be followed by a general decline in reading.
Fabricus, pseud. "Law of Libel." Black Dwarf, 1:366-68, 383-84, 398-400, 412-15, 427-30, 441-45, June and July 1817. F2 §
A series of six letters to the editor containing observations on the libel laws. In the first letter Fabricus recommends that to adjust the balance between liberty and libel in the interest of the public the judge should state the issues clearly and leave the verdict to the jury. In the second letter he considers the extent to which an author should be able to discuss public affairs and public officials without fear of libel. In subsequent letters Fabricus affirms three rights of the press: (1) to publish every legislative act or measure; (2) to report on the conduct of public officials; (3) to comment the propriety of an act or measure.
Fabry, Elizabeth. "To Hold in Trust: the Trustees' Responsibilities for Intellectual Freedom." Wisconsin Library Bulletin, 60:173-75, May-June 1964. F3 §
Facey, Paul W. The Legion of Decency: A Sociological Analysis of the Emergencies and Development of a Social Pressure Group. New York, Fordham University, 1945. 206p. (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation) F4
Father Facey, a Jesuit priest, was one of the Catholic leaders in the movement to establish the Legion of Decency, a national organization dedicated to elevating the moral standards of the cinema in the United States. His dissertation is based on both published and unpublished documents of the Legion.
"Facing the Tide of Obscenity." Christianity Today, 9:729-31, 9 April 1965. F5
"Facts of Life." Time, 31(16):57-58, 18 April 1938. F6
The banning of Life magazine for 11 April 1938, which contained a series of pictures entitled The Birth of a Baby.
Fagan, Edward T. "Obscenity Controls and Minors--The Case for a Separate Standard." Catholic Lawyer, 10:270-84, Autumn 1964. F7
"The aim of this article . . . is twofold. First, it shall delineate the separate classification, in law, of minors as a prospective audience for obscenity. This distinction has been uniformly recognized and accepted throughout the evolution of obscenity law and continues to exist to the present time . . . Secondly, it will endeavor to provide suggestions and caveats for the formulation of this separate standard to draftsmen who may presently be working on remedial obscenity legislation. 1t will also explore possible collateral aids to implement the enforcement of such a separate standard once statutorily defined."
Fagan, John E. "Liberty of the Press." American Catholic Quarterly Review, 48:68-71, January 1923. F8
The author deplores the misuse of freedom by large segments of the press.
"Fair Trial and Free Press: Opinion by the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico." American Bar Association Journal, 43:1108-10, December 1957. F9
In a decision reversing a murder conviction, the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico discusses at some length the issue of "trial by newspaper."
"Fairfax (Va.) County Library Storm Shifts from Film to Book Protests." Library Journal, 88:2462, 15 June 1963. F10
A suit has been filed by lawyer Paul Peachey seeking removal of four books from the public library: Without Magnolias by Bucklin Moon, A Month Soon Goes by Storm Jameson, Color Blind by Margaret Halsey, and The Big Sky by A. B. Guthrie. A further account appears in Library Journal, July 1963, and in ALA Intellectual Freedom Newsletter, July 1963.
Fairlie, Henry. "The Useless Press." Spectator, 210:346-47, 22 March 1963. F11
Criticism of Sir William Haley of The Times and his interpretation of freedom of the press. "Freedom (or, rather, the spirit of freedom) is declining in this country, and will continue to decline, largely as a result of democracy . . . But it is also declining because of the growth over the last century of the pernicious idea that people (and, therefore, institutions) are to be judged and rewarded according to their usefulness to the community. I know no one who more sedulously spreads this idea than the editor of The Times in his moral addresses to the nation." The author claims the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness whether he is useful or not.
Fairman, Milton. "Bookseller Victorious in Chicago Reformer's Campaign." Publishers' Weekly, 117:566-68, 1 February 1930. F12
A Chicago municipal court freed a bookseller of charges of selling an obscene book, A Night in a Moorish Harem. The defense had pleaded entrapment by a vice society agent since the book was not in stock but was ordered for and at the request of the agent. Evidence also showed that the society intended to share in the anticipated fine as an informer. The freed bookseller expressed the intention of filing suit for damages against the agent, the Rev. Philip Yarrow. A subsequent issue of Publishers' Weekly (4 July 1931) reports on the arrest and jailing of Mr. Yarrow for failure to pay damages assessed by the court.
-------. "Censorship in Chicago." Publishers' Weekly, 117:213-14, 11 January 1930. F13
An account of the alleged use of entrapment methods by the superintendent of the Illinois Vigilance Association, the Rev. Philip Yarrow, to effect the arrest of Chicago booksellers for the sale of obscene books. Books were allegedly seized by police without a search warrant.
-------. "Clean Books in Chicago." Publishers Weekly, 110:327-28, 31 July 1926. F14
Plan for an advisory board of critics to guide Chicago's district attorney in prosecution of booksellers charged with selling obscene books.
-------. "Superintendent McAndrew and Chicago Textbooks on Trial." Publishers' Weekly, 112:1627-29, 29 October 1927. F15
An account of the trial before the school board of the suspended superintendent of Chicago schools, charged with recommending textbooks that were pro-British, that would cause children to regard the Declaration of Independence as old-fashioned, and that omitted names of American heroes. At one of the hearings a former judge accused the American Library Association of circulating pro-British propaganda through its "Reading with a Purpose" series. A former Illinois congressman, John J. Gorman, reported on an investigation he made for Chicago's Mayor Thompson showing that school textbooks such as those by Muzzey and Schlesinger were part of a pro-British plot. The author treats the affair as "a comedy in the most gorgeous manner."
A Faithful History of the Late Discussions in Bengal, on the Power of Transportation without Trial, assumed as a Right by the Supreme Government of India. To be exercised on any Englishman who may honestly avail himself of the Freedom of the Press, as by Law Established. With copies of the Official Correspondence between W. B. Bayley, Esq., Chief Secretary to Government, and Mr. Buckingham, the late Editor of the Calcutta Journal. Calcutta, 1823. 28p. F16
The introduction indicates it is an exchange of correspondence "printed exclusively for the Private information of the Editor's Friends--but neither Published nor Sold." The editor complains, not of libel cases brought to trial, but of "forcible banishment from the country, without conviction or trial" as punishment for alleged offenses in the press.
Falardeau, Ernest R. "The Index and Vatican II." Catholic Library World, 36:155-57, November 1964. F17 §
"The last 50 years have brought in such tremendous changes within and without the Church that the Index of Forbidden Books and its corresponding legislation seems not only out of date and out of tune, but impractical and impracticable as well." Father Falardeau mentions various solutions, in keeping with the spirit of Vatican II, that have been proposed.
Fankhauser, Eduard. Nudism, Obscenity and the Law. Chicago, Althea, 1951. 72p. F18
Translated from the German by Alois S. Knapp, who has also written the foreword.
Faris, Barry. "Curses on the Censor!" Quill, 28(4):7-8, April 1940. F19
The difficulties that foreign correspondents assigned to war zones have with military censorship.
Farley, John. "Censorship Isn't That Simple." Library Journal, 87:3107-11, 15 September 1962. F20
"What is most needed, and what professional library literature has not been providing, are rational, unemotional bases for a dialogue on censorship in the schools." He defines six bases: definition, philosophical basis for freedom, where to set the limit on freedom, voluntary censorship by school librarians, effect of reading, and question of authority for selection and rejection. LeRoy C. Merritt takes issue with the author in the matter of voluntary censorship in school libraries (ALA Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom, December 1962) and defends his own point of view.
Farmer, Arthur E. "Pressure Group Censorship--and How to Fight It." ALA Bulletin, 42:356-62, September 1948. F21 §
A New York lawyer whose practice is largely concerned with literary property, discusses the "bases upon which the law presumes to exercise censorship"--obscenity, contraception, criminal libel, sedition, and incitement to riot--citing pertinent court decisions.
Farrell, James T. "The Author as Plaintiff: Testimony in a Censorship Case." In his Reflection at Fifty and Other Essays. New York, Vanguard, 1954, pp. 188-223. (Also in Downs, The First Freedom, pp. 286-301) F22
In 1948 three novels by Farrell were banned by the Philadelphia police. In an injunction proceedings brought against the police by the publisher, Farrell defends his works and expresses his intention "to present life as it is, in so far as I can see it."
-------. "Canada Bans Another Book." Canadian Forum, 26:176-78, November 1946. F23
When Farrell's novel, Bernard Clare, was banned by Canadian Customs the author protested to Prime Minister Mackenzie King. This article discusses Canadian censorship and the attitude of Canadian officials toward freedom of expression.
-------. "Censorship in Prison." New Masses, 11:22, 1 May 1934. F24
Letter to the editor in the Correspondence section.
[-------]. The Dominion of Canada vs. "Bernard Clare," a Novel by James T. Farrell. New York, Vanguard, 1947. 8p. F25
-------. "Is the Press Really Free?" [etc.]. Call, 14:4, 14 May 1947; 14:6, 21 May 1947; 14:4, 6, 28 May 1947; 14:6, 11 June 1947; 14:4, 18 June 1947; 14:4, 25 June 1947; 14:6, 9 July 1947. F26
A series of articles analyzing the reports of the Commission on the Freedom of the Press.
-------. "Lonigan, Lonergan, and New York's Finest." Nation, 158:338, 18 March 1944. F27
Concerning the New York Police Department investigation of Farrell's Studs Lonigan.
-------. "Moral Censorship and the Ten Commandments." In his Literature and Morality, New York, Vanguard, [1947], pp. 90-100. (Also in Humanist [Salt Lake City], 6(3):105-13, Autumn-Winter 1946-47) F28
Farrell rejects as psychologically unsound the moral censorship of works of art as embodied in the Production Code of the motion picture industry. "Art cannot be made into an instrument for making human beings keep the Ten Commandments . . . A good man, so-called, will remain good in the face of stimuli to evil. Otherwise he is not a good man." If a young man is sexually suppressed he does not need an obscene work of art or literature in order to indulge in sexual fantasies. Moral censors would do well to devote their time to cleaning up slums instead of cleaning up art which reflects the conditions of the slums. The essay was written in 1938.
Farrer, James A. Books Condemned to Be Burnt. New York, A. C. Armstrong, 1892. 206p. (The Book-Lover's Library) F29
A history of the English practice of suppressing books by having them burned by the common hangman, beginning with Tyndale's English translation of the New Testament, the first book so treated (1546), and ending with The Present Crisis (1775), the last book to be condemned to the public fire in England.
Father of Candor, pseud. An Enquiry into the Doctrine lately propagated, concerning Libels, Warrants, and the Seizure of Papers . . . In a Letter to Mr. Almon from the Father of Candor. London, Printed for J. Almon, 1764. 135p. F30
A reply to the conservative doctrine on seditious libel, expressed by Candor, came from this anonymous writer who called himself "Father of Candor." The exchange grew out of the trial of John Wilkes, convicted for a libel published in no. 45 of the North Briton. This important libertarian work has sometimes been attributed to the writer of the Junius letters, to Publisher John Almon, or to the anonymous author of the "Candor" tracts. Father of Candor defended the right of the press to criticize a bad administration of government and attributed the present unwise doctrine of seditious libel and the mode of prosecution to the historic influence of the Star Chamber. The English jury, not the judge, should decide the question of libel, and truth should be an absolute defense. Referring to the Wilkes case, he stated: "The writing of anything quietly in one's study, and publishing it by the press, can certainly be no actual breach of the peace. Therefore, a member who is only charged with this, cannot thereby forfeit his Privilege." He repudiated the bad-tendency test for libel and espoused the test of overt acts. This work appeared in numerous editions and with various postscripts, including a collected edition (7th ed.) entitled A Letter Concerning Libels, Warrants . . ., 1765. In 1858, an author signing as "D. E.," writes in Notes and Queries: "There can be no doubt that 'Candor' and 'The Father of Candor' were alter et idem." Candor was vivacious, entertaining, and satirical, while Father of Candor was meant to express the same ideas in serious, argumentative, and legal form. "The satire of the one is but a form of the logic of the other." Rea, in his The English Press in Politics, gives credence to the speculation that John Dunning wrote the Father of Candor letters with the aid of Lord Camden.
-------. A Letter Concerning Libels, Warrants, the Seizure of Papers, and Sureties for the Peace or Behavior; with a View to some late Proceedings, and the Defence of Them by the Majority. London, J. Almon, 1765. (Reprinted in A Collection of Scarce and Interesting Tracts . . ., vol. 1, pp. 93-274) F31
A revision of an earlier pamphlet entitled, An Enquiry into the Doctrine lately propagated, concerning Libels, Warrants, and the Seizure of Papers . . . John Almon, the publisher, was brought to trial for issuing this pamphlet.
-------. A Postscript to the Letter, on Libels, Warrants, & in Answer to a Postscript in the Defence of the Majority, and Another Pamphlet, Entitled, Considerations on the Legality of General Warrants. London, Printed for J. Almon, 1765. 9p. (Reprinted, along with a "Second Postscript" in Almon, A Collection of Scarce and Interesting Tracts . . ., vol. 4, pp. 126-96) F32
Further comments on the doctrine expressed by Candor and by Charles Lloyd in his pamphlet, Defence of the Majority in the House of Commons, on the Question relating to General Warrants . . . By 1765, writes Robert R. Rea, "this pamphlet exchange [in the war over the use of general warrants in libel cases] had reached the point at which postscripts to postscripts in answer to pamphlets in reply to other pamphlets were commonplace."
"Fatherhood of the Unstamped." Tait's Edinburgh Magazine, 1 (n.s.):733-34, December 1834. F33
The story of William Carpenter who, after passage of the Stamp Act, first published a series of unstamped papers in an irregular series of Political Letters. Carpenter was tried before Lord Chief Justice Baron in the Court of Exchequer where he conducted his own defense. He was found guilty and sentenced to six months in prison.
Faught, Albert S. "Three Freedoms in the Eighteenth Century and the Effect of Paper Shot." University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 94:312-21, April 1946. F34
A discussion of four historic trials relating to freedom of speech and the press: William Penn (1670); the case of the Seven Bishops (1688); John Peter Zenger (1735); and the Dean of St. Asaph (1784).
[Faulder, Robert]. "Proceedings on the Trial of Robert Faulder, Bookseller (one of Forty against whom Actions were brought for selling the Baviad), for Publishing a Libel on John Williams, Alias Anthony Pasquin, Esq. . . ." In William Gifford, The Baviad, and Maeviad. 6th ed. London, Printed for J. Wright by W. Bulmer, 1800, pp. 135-88. F35
In 1797 John Williams brought charges against Faulder for sale of The Baviad, which he declared contained a "false, scandalous, defamatory, and malicious libel" on him as an author. The Baviad was a lengthy satirical poem on the "wretched taste" of the Cruscan school of writers and was particularly harsh on one, Anthony Pasquin, whom Faulder identified as John Williams. Pasquin's poetry, Gifford charged, was "at once licentious and dull beyond example." Williams was represented in court by Thomas Erskine. The bookseller was acquitted and the 40 other actions against booksellers were dropped. Gifford's introduction to this edition also refers to the trial. He notes that Williams himself was a common libeler, fattened "on the filthy dregs of slander and obscenity . . . who lived by violating the law."
Faulk, Alfred T. Does Advertising Harm or Benefit Consumers? New York, Bureau of Research and Education, Advertising Federation of America, 1939. 10p. F36 §
A critical review of the chapter in Professor Harold O. Rugg's high school textbook, An Introduction to Problems of American Culture, which had attacked advertising. "When parents send their children to school, they have a right to expect unbiased education and truthful teaching. It is the responsibility of school authorities to see that they get it. Harold Rugg's textbook does not fill the bill."
Faulk, John H. Fear on Trial. New York, Simon and Schuster, 1964. 398p. F37
"The story of his six-year battle to clear his name, culminating in the dramatic, history-making trial that exposed the true nature of the [radio and television] blacklisters and helped break their grip on American life." While much of the broadcasting industry exhibited timidity in challenging the vigilante activities of the self-appointed censors of the entertainment industry, Faulk, with his lawyer, Louis Nizer, instituted a libel suit against AWARE, Inc., and its associates, and won an unprecedented $3,500,000 in damages. The Appellate Division of the New York State Supreme Court later reduced the award as being excessive and unrealistic, and Faulk settled with the estate of Lawrence A. Johnson, one of the defendants, for $175,000.
Faulkner, Alex. "How Tough is American Censorship?" Harper's Magazine, 186:502-9, April 1943. F38
Experiences of a British correspondent under American wartime censorship. He makes "a plea for a more liberal administration of the censorship of press messages leaving the United States, being convinced that in this matter America has nothing more, and nothing less, than her reputation for freedom of speech to defend." American censorship is not political, in the sense that it is employed for the political advantage of the party in power, but is based on the tendency to "soft-pedal controversial subjects."
Faulkner, Joseph W. "Chicago Booksellers and Censorship." Illinois Libraries, 47:470-78, May 1965. F39
The president of the Booksellers' Association of Greater Chicago describes the "dangerous censorship situation" in that city. Chicago booksellers have banded together to protect themselves against the injustice of law enforcement as it now exists. "With the help of the public, we may be able to put the prosecution of books on the more legal basis enjoyed by other cities."
Fawcett, James W. "Free Press: How to Maintain It; Read before the Woman's Peace Party of New York City, August 7, 1917. Dawn, 1:2-3, 1 September 1917. F40
Faÿ, Bernard. "Benjamin Franklin Bache, a Democratic Leader of the Eighteenth Century." Proceedings, American Antiquarian Society, 40 (n.s.):277-304, 1931. F41
A vindication of the young Philadelphia journalist, favorite grandson of Benjamin Franklin, who dared to criticize the administrations of Presidents Washington and Adams in his paper, Aurora. For this he was vilified by the Federalist press, charged under the Sedition Act, and ambushed and brutally beaten. Despite the yellow fever that raged in Philadelphia in 1798, Bache continued to publish the Aurora until he contracted the disease and died at the age of 29.
-------. The Two Franklins: Fathers of American Democracy. Boston, Little, Brown, 1933. 397p. F42
The story of Benjamin Franklin and his grandson, Benjamin Franklin Bache. The latter was the young Philadelphia publisher, charged under the Sedition Act for libel on George Washington in his paper, Aurora. Faÿ describes Bache, as "the most outspoken, the most reckless, the most generous, and the most neglected leader in the second revolution" that broke the power of the Federalists.
FCC. v. "Overcommercialization." Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1964. 7p. (Publication no. 115) F43 §
A summary of points of view of broadcasters, advertisers, and the public, and the Federal Communications Commission on the issue of overcommercialization, i.e., the amount of time devoted to advertising in relation to program time on the air, and the propriety of applying government limitations and controls.
FCC's "Blue Book" (1946). Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1962. 16p. (Publication no. 90) F44 §
A digest of the Federal Communications Commission's report, Public Service Responsibility of Broadcast Licensees (1946), known in the industry as the "Blue Book." The report criticized the industry's interpretation of public service and affirmed the authority and duty of the Commission "to give full consideration to program service." A campaign by the broadcasting industry against possible government interference in programming led to the setting aside of the report. In the late 1950's when public attention was focused on broadcasting abuses and deceptions and there was a demand for tighter program controls, the Blue Book again came to public attention.
"The FCC's Concept of Freedom of the Press." Virginia Law Review, 36:496-519, May 1950. F45
Fearing, Franklin. "A Word of Caution for the Intelligent Consumer of Motion Pictures." Quarterly of Film, Radio and Television, 6:129-42, Winter 1951. F46 §
A discussion of problems involving children and motion pictures, censorship, and the effect of films on people's attitudes and opinions.
Fearnside, W. Ward. "Thoughts about the Integrity of a Library." Wilson Library Bulletin, 30:239-43, November 1955. F47
A University of California professor who saw the vacant newspaper hooks in the Bonn University Library during the Nazi regime, pleads for freedom for libraries to present wide points of view on any topic worthy of the attention of the public. He considers and refutes the arguments sometimes given for library censorship: (1) A taxpayer's money should not be spent for library materials whose contents interest only a small minority. (2) Libraries should install labels to warn the unwary of Communist propaganda. (3) Communist or other objectionable material should be placed on special shelves or in locked cases. (4) Reading Communist literature is ideologically seductive. He observes that research requires freedom to examine heretical as well as approved ideas, and, finally, that "toleration of political expression of the most extreme sort is more effective than suppression in a society whose institutions are strong enough to stand comparison with others."
Fearon, John. "Movies and Morals." America, 91:277-79, 5 June 1954. F48
Father Fearon, parish priest at St. Dominic's, Los Angeles, discusses the motion picture production code.
Feasey, Eveline I. "The Licensing of The Mirror for Magistrates." Library, 3: (ser. 4):177-93, December 1922. F49
According to the author, the suppression of the 1554 edition and the difficulty in obtaining a license for the 1559 edition was caused by the political significance of three poems: "Humfrey Duke of Glocester," "Elinour Cobham," and "Duke of Somerset."
Featherer, Esther J. Advertising Ethics. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1964. 6p. (Publication no. 126) F50 §
"The following monograph reviews the history of advertising regulation and what codes of ethics say about advertising."
-------. Electronic Access to Public Meetings. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1963. 8p. (Publication no. 114) F51 §
The right or privilege of broadcasters and photographers to cover meetings of administrative and legislative bodies, unlike the right to cover the courts, has not been as vigorously pursued by the journalism profession. The author examines the extent of this denial of coverage at all levels of government and sets forth the major arguments in the controversy.
-------. The Leak: Bane and Blessing. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1964. 4p. (Publication no. 132) F52 §
An examination of recent news leaks, including the Oswald diary, the Bobby Baker case, the Pentagon and PFX contract, and Adlai Stevenson and the Cuban crisis, with an appraisal of the advantage and disadvantage of this source of information. The author notes the lack of a code of ethics covering such news.
-------. The Moss Committee, 1955--. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1963. 14p. (Publication no. 110) F53 §
To assess the work of the House Committee on Government Information (Moss Subcommittee), the author brings together material on how and where the Subcommittee operates, giving examples and criticism of its work.
-------. Overcoverage and the Pool System. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1964. 7p. (Publication no. 128) F54 §
Overcoverage of special events has been justified as an exercise of freedom of the press, but it has also been criticized as hindering fair and objective reporting. One solution is pool reporting, where representatives of the media are chosen to cover the event and then to brief other newsmen.
-------. Pressures on the Libraries. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1964. 8p. (Publication no. 134) F55 §
A survey of pressures exerted on public librarians to censor books, with numerous examples indicating the geography and kind of duress, and the recourses open to librarians and friends of libraries in meeting the pressures. The author concludes: "The censors' verbosity and potential power must be met by the librarian's reliance on budget, conscience, accepted criteria of library function and service, established and good relations with the community, intelligent and responsible citizens, guidelines and book reviews in professional journals and the ALA's standards of practice."
-------. The Toils of Pay Television. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1965. 6p. (Publication no. 136) F56 §
California voters recently outlawed pay television as a threat to free television. The author reviews the action against pay TV in California and the experience elsewhere, where it has been more successful.
Featherstonhaugh, Duane. "You Can't Take That!" American Photography, 36:8-10, July 1942. F57
A press photographer discusses wartime restrictions established by the Office of Censorship ("surprisingly few") governing press and amateur photographers.
Feder, Edward L. Comic Book Regulation. Berkeley, Calif., Bureau of Public Administration, University of California, 1955. 59p. (1955 Legislative Problems, no. 2) F58
A concise review prepared for the California legislature. Includes efforts at regulation by various government agencies as well as by the comic book industry.
"Federal Censorship--Revised Standard for Obscenity." Fordham Law Review, 31:570-77, February 1963. F59
Notes on the case of Manual Enterprises, Inc. v. Day, 370 U.S. 478, 488 (1962). The Post Office charged and the lower court affirmed that nude male figures portrayed in the publication tended to arouse prurient interest in the average homosexual. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed the ruling, holding that the materials were not so patently offensive as to violate "the national standard of decency."
"Federal Communications Commission." Fortune, 17:60-62+, May 1938. F60
The article is concerned with radio as a social and governmental problem and with the Federal Communications Commission--what it is empowered to do, what it ought to be empowered to do, and the men who are its members.
Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. Department of Research and Education. The Public Relations of the Motion Picture Industry. New York, The Council, 1931. 155p. F61
A statement of the scope and activities of the Council with respect to motion pictures, including the relations with the Hays Office.
"Federal Program Scrutiny Considered." Broadcasting, 14:17, 1 January 1938. F62
Sharper scrutiny of programs by the FCC may be a result of the "Mae West--N.B.C." incident. Heavy complaints were received following the "Adam and Eve" skit in which Mae West appeared with Charlie McCarthy, the Edgar Bergen dummy. N.B.C. had approved the script but had not anticipated the inflection given to the words by Miss West.
Federal Records Law Debate. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1964. 4p. (Publication no. 117) F63 §
Consideration of debate on legislation affecting the right of Congress to request and receive information from the executive branch. A brief history of criticism and support of 5 U.S.C. 1002, with special attention to the Long bill (S. 1666) and the debate it provoked.
"Federal Sedition Bills: Speech Restrictions in Theory and Practice." Columbia Law Review, 35:917-27, June 1935. F64
A documented review of various repressive measures recently introduced in Congress. The continuance of economic distress "finds an increasing tendency on the part of governing bodies to meet the incident unrest with repressive measures."
Federation of American Scientists. Committee on Secrecy and Clearance. "How Far Should Military Censorship Extend?" Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 4:163-65, June 1948. (Reprinted in Summers, Federal Information Controls in Peacetime, pp. 133-39) F65 §
Feinberg, Wilfred. "Recent Developments in the Law of Privacy." Columbia Law Review, 48:713-31, July 1948. F66
A discussion of recent cases involving the common law right of privacy, a number of which involve invasion of privacy by news media. The author finds the doctrine well established, at least nine states having given recognition to the doctrine for the first time during the previous decade.
Feinsilber, Myron. "Censorship and Libraries." Illinois Libraries, 47:456-57, May 1965. F67
Reprinting of a news account of recent censorship attempts on public libraries.
Feipel, Louis N. "Questionable Books in Public Libraries." Library Journal, 47:857-61, 15 October 1922; 47:907-11, 1 November 1922. F68
Results of a questionnaire sent to libraries, indicating their treatment of controversial books. Most respondents oppose censorship.
Fellman, David. The Censorship of Books. Madison, Wis., University of Wisconsin Press, 1957. 35p. F69
A brief but cogent review of the history of book censorship, delivered by a political scientist in an address at the annual meeting of the Association of American University Presses, Lincoln, Neb., May 1957. "Freedom to discuss is built upon apprehensions concerning the use of power by those who have in their hands that enormous leviathan, the state machinery. It is rooted in a profound skepticism about the nature of human nature, and therefore exposes the men of power to ceaseless criticism and political opposition. Our system denies the legitimacy of either permanent or absolute power and rejects the assumptions concerning human infallibility which lie at the base of a closed society." Censorship represents the efforts of authority to suppress this challenge.
-------. The Limits of Freedom. New Brunswick, N.J., Rutgers University Press, 1959. 144p. (Brown and Haley Lectures, no. 7) F70
Lecture 1. Religious Freedom--More or Less. Lecture 2. The Right to Communicate. Lecture 3. The Right to Talk Politics.
-------. "The Supreme Court as Protector of Civil Rights: Freedom of Expression." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 275:61-74, May 1951. F71
The author, professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin, discusses U.S. Supreme Court decisions affecting freedom of speech.
Fellows, Harold E. "Freedom of Expression on the Air." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 300:13-19, July 1955. F72
The author is chairman of the Board and president of the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters.
[Fenner, Arthur]. Report of the Case of John Dorrance against Arthur Fenner, Tried at the December Term of the Court of Common Pleas, in the County of Providence, A.D. 1801. To Which Are Added, the Proceedings in the Case of Arthur Fenner vs. John Dorrance . . . Providence, Wheeler, 1802. 116p. F73
Fenton, Frances. The Influence of Newspaper Presentations upon the Growth of Crime and other Anti-social Activity; a Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Literature in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Chicago, University of Chicago, 1911. 96p. F74
In this study of the causal connection between the newspaper and crime the investigator finds that newspapers influence people "directly, both unconsciously and consciously, to commit anti-social acts. It also has a more indirect anti-social influence on public opinion during criminal trials through its accounts of these trials and through its partisan selection of evidence, and, finally, it aids in building up anti-social standards, and thus in preparing the way for anti-social acts." The author recommends that suggestive antisocial matter be excluded from newspapers; that inclusion or suppression of news not be based on commercial influences but upon the advantageous social results; that new and adequately enforced laws be passed "defining strictly the power of newspapers to deal with news, laws analogous to those already in operation in regard to the use of the mails, billboards, etc."
Ferguson, Charles K. "The Los Angeles Times Contempt Case." Public Opinion Quarterly, 4:297-99, June 1940. F75
The case before the U.S. Supreme Court raises the issue whether or not "freedom of the press" is subordinate to "independence of the judiciary." The case originated with the Los Angeles Bar Association objection to five editorials commenting on local court cases in the process of trial and two additional editorials commenting on the Bar Association objections.
Ferguson, Fred S. "Honor-Bound Censorship Is Greatest Menance." Editor and Publisher, 56:4, 24 November 1923. F76
The author was a correspondent at the Versailles Peace Conference which followed World War I.
Ferguson, George V. Freedom and the News. Toronto, Canadian Institute of International Affairs, 1948. 18p. (Behind the Headlines, vol. 8, no. 6) F77
The Canadian representative at the UN Conference on Freedom of Information discusses the foundation of a free press and the basic barriers to free flow of information. He believes that private ownership of the mass media, operating without government controls, shows a "steadily growing sense of responsibility" in presenting full and free information.
-------. "Freedom of the Press." In Press and Party in Canada: Issues of Freedom. Toronto, Ryerson, 1955, pp. 1-23. (Seventh Series of Lectures under the Chancellor Dunning Trust, delivered at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, 1955) F78
The author is editor of the Montreal Star. Among other matters he considers the charges that advertisers and a capitalist monopoly influence the news. He endorses the recommendation of the Hutchins Commission on the Freedom of the Press, especially that section calling for an independent appraisal agency. He favors the development of a greater sense of responsibility on the part of the press without the use of government controls.
-------. "Have We Got, Can We Keep, Freedom of the Press?" Saturday Night, 63:6-7, 3 April 1948. F79
The Canadian heritage of freedom of the press.
-------. Information: Keystone of Freedom. A Lecture delivered at the University under the auspices of the Canadian Club of Vancouver. Thursday, January 13th, 1949. Vancouver, University of British Columbia, 1949. 13p. F80
The author deals largely with the World Conference on Freedom of Information.
Ferguson, Homer. "The Iron Curtain at Home." Congressional Record, 94:10272-77, 7 August 1948. (Reprinted in Summers, Federal Information Controls in Peacetime, pp. 146-57) F81 §
A criticism of the growing practice on the part of public officials to conduct their affairs in secret and to withhold information from the press, the public, and the Congress. Remarks of the Senator from Michigan before the U.S. Senate.
Ferguson, Otis. "The Legion of Decency Rides Again." New Republic, 105:861, 22 December 1941. F82
A criticism of the Catholic Legion of Decency which "has proved itself an enemy of the specious truth, and actual abettor of petty filth."
Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. "Horn on HOWL." Evergreen Review, 1(4):145-58, 1957. F83
Account of the confiscation of HOWL and Other Poems and the trial of its publishers for issuing and selling obscene writings. Includes statements made in behalf of HOWL as literary writing and excerpts from the 39-page opinion of Judge Clayton Horn in finding the publishers not guilty.
Fernald, John. "Is Censorship in the Theatre Out of Date? Listener, 59:318, 20 February 1958. F84
"While we may have been right to tolerate the censorship up to now, it really is up to us to find something better, from now on, if we do not want to look too foolish in the eyes of the world."
Fernandez, Perfecto V. "Freedom of the Press in the Philippines." Philippine Law Journal, 33:473-95, September 1958. F85
Contents: historical introduction, protection and scope, limitations on freedom of the press (public order, public morals), restrictions in connection with reputation and the right of privacy, and restrictions in connection with inherent powers of public bodies.
Ferran, Angel. "The Censorship and the Censors." International Review of Educational Cinematography, 6:529-33, August 1934. F86
The film censor is inclined to attribute much of present-day immorality to the "pernicious influence of the cinema." He makes no distinction between films intended for adults and those for children, "cutting down everything with the same knife." The censor begins his work as an enemy of the cinema, but gradually comes to enjoy the films he forbids others to see. In attempting to protect the public he unwittingly poisons himself. It is the censor who may need protection from an absorption of evil.
Fessler, Aaron L., comp. "Selective Bibliography of Literary Censorship in the United States." Bulletin of Bibliography, 20:188-91, May 1952. F87
Festival Theatre Review. Cambridge, Eng., Cambridge Festival Theatre, 1926-35. Weekly. Title varies. F88
The following issues carry articles on stage censorship in England: 9 March, 6 May, and 6 June 1927 (Don Juan); 24 October 1927 (Salomé); 21 January 1928 (Etain and Bella); 23 February and 27 May 1928, 18 April, 25 April, and 9 May 1931 (Roar China); 24 October and 7 November 1931 (Eater of Dreams); and 14 November 1931 (Salomé).
[Fetzer, Herman]. Alice in Justice Land. By Jake Falstaff [pseud.]. New York, American Civil Liberties Union, 1935. 11p. (Reprinted from "Pippins and Cheese," a column appearing in the New York World, during the summer of 1929) F89
In this parody of Alice in Wonderland, the White Knight explains to Alice a too-common practice in American justice: "It's much easier to convict a man of something he didn't do than it is to prove that what he really was doing was a crime. So if a man is guilty of passing tracts, we charge him with littering the streets . . . If he is a freethinker, we charge him with bootlegging. If he writes a book which doesn't agree with our economic notions, we have him arrested on a charge of obscenity."
Fetzer, John E. "The Television Code of the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters." In Lectures in Communications Media, Legal and Policy Problems Delivered at University of Michigan Law School, June 16-June 18, 1954. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Law School, 1954, pp. 147-61. F90
The author is chairman of the Television Code Review Board, National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters.
Feuer, Lewis S. "Pornopolitics and the University." New Leader, 48:14-19, 12 April 1965. F91
An appraisal of the use of a new genre, which the author terms "pornopolitics," i.e. the use of pornography as an instrument of student activists in the University of California (Berkeley) free speech movement.
Fey, Harold E. "Censorship and Cultural Rebellion." Library Journal, 90:2473-78, 1 June 1965. F92 §
The former editor of Christian Century writes of the wave of anti-intellectualism in the United States, whose adherents rely upon censorship and thought control in the interest of their reactionary creed. Libraries are particularly exposed to their manipulations. Censorship "is always based on the assumption that there is or should be a consensus, a basis of national agreement, or what constitutes national orthodoxy . . . National unity is desirable and necessary, but it is achieved and must be achieved on a voluntary basis by the consent of the governed . . . Americans who fear the exercise of freedom of thought, who seek to restrain that exercise by censorship or other forms of cultural vigilantism, may do so from patriotic motives, but the only result, where their efforts are successful, is to weaken our nation and to discredit democracy as a genuine alternative to Marxism."
-------. A Free, Responsible Religious Press. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1958. 4p. (Publication no. 5) F93 §
The editor of Christian Century discusses the role of the liberal journal of Christian thought that "seeks the truth believing that discovery of truth in any field is discovery of God." He treats of the contribution of John Milton who believed that freedom of expression was necessary to the proper service of God. Among other aims, the liberal religious press is concerned with maintaining freedom of thought within the Churches.
Ficke, Arthur D. The Problem of Censorship; a Paper Read Before the Contemporary Club, Davenport, Iowa, March 20, 1922. Davenport, The Contemporary Club, 1922. 18p. F94
Ficklen, Imogen S. Three Landmarks in the Anglo-American Struggle for Freedom of Speech. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina, 1960. 86p. (Unpublished Master's thesis) F95
The three landmark writings on freedom of expression are: Milton's Areopagitica, Jefferson's Kentucky Resolutions, and Mill's On Liberty. The study analyzes the events that prompted these statements and their impact on contemporary and later thought.
"Fiction in Public Libraries." Review of Reviews, 15:604, May 1897. F96
Newspaper discussion occasioned by the removal of certain popular works of fiction from the shelves of the Carnegie Free Library at Alleghany, Pa.
Fiedler, Leslie A. "The Literati of the Four Letter Word." Playboy, 8(6):85, 126-38, June 1961. F97
A contentious critic castigates the treatment of sex in the contemporary novel. "Sex has come to seem to us the essential subject for our time, not only because . . . it represents the last survival of Nature for the city dweller, but also because it is what a hundred years of literature left out, what almost all of American literature, for instance, ignored completely until our century had begun. And in the century of official silence, the language for speaking of the physical aspects of love decayed, fell apart into brutal vulgarities and polite obscenities." The author writes of the attempts of D. H. Lawrence and others to break out from the bonds of conventional silence.
Field, David Dudley. The Lawyer and His Clients. The Rights and Duties of Lawyers; the Rights and Duties of the Press; the Opinions of the Public Correspondence of Messrs. David Dudley and Dudley Field, of the New York Bar with Mr. Samuel Bowles, of the Springfield Republican. Springfield, Mass., Republican Office 1871. 20p. F98
Correspondence between the two Fields and Samuel Bowles reveals divergent points of view in the defense of newspaper clients accused of criminal libel.
-------. "The Newspaper Press and the Law of Libel." International Review, 3:479-91, July 1876. (Reprinted in his Speeches, New York, Appleton, 1884, vol. 1, pp. 547-61) F99
The author deplores the irresponsibility of journalism in this country and the difficulty of obtaining judgment against slander under the present laws of libel. He suggests changes in the law which might bring under control the abuses in the press against public and private individuals.
Field, Marshall. Freedom Is More than a Word. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1945, 190p. F100
The Chicago publisher states his views on freedom of expression. He believes that the consolidation tendency that results in single ownership of the newspaper press is dangerous to democracy. One chapter deals with his own experience with PM, Chicago Sun, and the AP wire exclusion case.
Fifoot, Cecil H. S. Lord Mansfield. Oxford, Clarendon, 1936. 262p. F101 §
A sympathetic treatment of the legal contributions of Chief Justice Mansfield, whose limited concept of the role of the jury in libel trials was evident in the eighteenth-century trials of Woodfall, Almon, and others.
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