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Cowley, W. H. "All God's Chillun Got Wings." School and Society, 66:145-50, 30 August 1947. C607
An appeal for greater freedom of communication in all the media and an improvement in the quality of what gets communicated. Special references to censorship on radio.
Cowper, B. H. "Books Burnt." Notes and Queries, 11 (ser. 1):77-78, 3 February 1855; 99-100, 10 February 1855; 120-21, 17 February 1855; 161-62, 3 March 1855; 1 (ser. 2):397-98, 17 May 1856; 498-99, 21 June 1856. C608
A collection of notes taken in the course of the author's readings pertaining to the destruction of books by fire, either by accident or design. The comments are arranged in approximate chronological order, with printed sources cited in many instances. There is no restriction as to time or country. The series attracted other readers to contribute notes on book-burning and these appear in issues of Notes and Queries for several years. They may be located through the index to Series 1 and 2.
Cox, C. B., et al. "Pornography and Obscenity." Critical Quarterly, 3:99-122, Summer 1961. C609 §
A symposium generated by the recent trial of Lady Chatterley's Lover. Following quotations on obscenity from D. H. Lawrence, these editorial topics are presented: The Teaching of Literature by C. B. Cox, The English Censorship Laws by Norman St. John-Stevas, Literature and Morality by Donald Davie, A Christian View by Martin Jarrett-Kerr, and Four Letter Words by C. S. Lewis.
Cox, Harvey G., Jr. "Obscenity and Protestant Ethics." Christian Century, 76:415-17, 8 April 1959. C610
Cox, Kenneth A. "The Federal Communications Commission's 'Fairness Doctrine' with Respect to Broadcasting Matter Dealing with Controversial Issues." Brief (Phi Delta Phi), 60:16-24, Fall 1964. C611
Coyle, Edward L. "Limiting the Freedom of Speech by Suppressing the Advocacy of Direct Action." University of Cincinnati Law Review, 4:211-16, March 1930. C612
Crafts, Wilbur F. "Hard Fight on Federal Censorship on Motion Pictures." Light, 98:21-23, July-August 1914. C613
Discussion of the bill before Congress to establish a Motion Picture Commission as part of the U.S. Bureau of Education. The agency would provide censorship prior to copyright and shipment in interstate commerce. Rev. Crafts recommends complete and prompt establishment of federal censorship.
Craftsman. London. Nos. 1-44 (1726-27); continued as The Country Journal; or, The Craftsman. Nos. 45-1159 (1727-50). Edited by the imaginary Caleb D'Anvers, Bencher of Gray's-Inn. Semiweekly. C614
The Craftsman was a newspaper, started in 1726 by Lord Bolingbroke formerly Queen Anne's Secretary of State, and the two Pulteneys (Daniel and William) as a political organ to attack the Walpole administration. During the first four years of publication eight issues were deemed offensive to the government and led to prosecution of the publishers. In 1729 the publisher, Richard Francklin, was tried but found not guilty; in 1731 he was again tried and sentenced to a year in prison; in 1737 the new publisher, Henry Haines, was also given a year's sentence. During the course of the various trials the pages of the Craftsman were filled with discussions of the freedom of the press. In the issue for 3 September 1737 the editor writes: "The great benefit of the Liberty of the Press, consists in the freedom of discussing matters of religion and government, all disputable points, with a proper regard to decency and good manners, tho' even they ought to give place in case of extremity, to the publick good."
"The Craftsman and Its Contributors." Bookworm, 2:13-17, 1890. C615
An account of the origin and publication of the Craftsman (1726/27) and an identification of some of its contributors.
The Craftsman's Doctrine and Practice of the Liberty of the Press, Explained to the meanest Capacity. London, J. Roberts, 1732. 61p. C616
Bolingbroke helped to found the Craftsman for the purpose of denouncing the action of the Walpole administration in prosecuting Tory opinion as seditious libel. This anonymous Whig pamphlet comes to the defense of Walpole and exposes the hypocrisy of Bolingbroke who, the author shows, suppressed the opinions of those out of power when he was Secretary of State under Queen Anne.
Craies, W. F. "Censorship of Stage Plays." Journal of the Society of Comparative Legislation, 8:196-202, 1907. C617
"The outcry lately raised on the disallowance [by the Lord Chamberlain] of a play named Waste, written by Mr. Granville Barker, affords occasion to consider the history and law with reference to the licensing and control of representations of plays and similar productions on a public stage." The article describes the method by which objectionable plays are banned.
Craig, Alec. Above All Liberties. London, Allen & Unwin, 1942. 205p. C618
Discussion of the effects on literature, art science, and society of the British laws against literary obscenity. This sequel to The Banned Books of England contains special chapters on the United States, France, and censorship of the works of Havelock Ellis.
-------. "B.M. Catalogue." Times Literary Supplement, 2870:129, 1 March 1957. C619
References to the omission of the "Private Case" books from the British Museum catalogue.
-------. The Banned Books of England and Other Countries. London, Allen and Unwin, 1962. 243p. (Published in the United States by World Publishing Co., under the title Suppressed Books; A History of the Conception of Literary Obscenity, with a foreword by Morris L. Ernst) C620
"The subject of this book is the conception of literary obscenity as found in law and practice and its cultural and social effects. My primary concern is the restraint which the conception exercises on serious literature and consequently on intellectual freedom and artistic creation. In surveying this subject I have devoted the greatest space to England because that is the country which first developed a law of libel to fill the vacuum created by the abolition of direct censorship by church or State authorities." The author includes much of the past history from his earlier books (Banned Books of England and Above All Liberties), but extends his remarks to recent developments and includes America, France, and other countries "where freedom of the Press has traditionally been held in esteem." Special attention is given to the cases of Sir Charles Sedley, Edmund Curll, and John Wilkes, the Lord Campbell Act and the Cockburn definition of obscenity, the Bradlaugh and Besant trial, Havelock Ellis, British Customs, the Joint Select Committee on Lotteries and Indecent Advertisements, D. H. Lawrence and James Joyce, Count Potocki of Montalk, and the Obscene Publications Act, 1959. There is a chapter on Comstockery, the Ulysses and other landmark cases, and Lady Chatterley's Lover. A final chapter deals with pornography.
-------. The Banned Books of England; With a Foreword by E. M. Forster. London, Allen & Unwin, 1937. 207p. C621
An explanation of the workings of the British law of obscene libel, with suggestions for reform. In chapter 4 the author draws a comparison between English and American practices. In the appendix are lists of eminent persons who have opposed censorship, citation of important obscenity cases, and titles of certain reputable books that have been banned.
-------. "Censorship of Sexual Literature." In The Encyclopedia of Sexual Behavior, edited by Albert Ellis and A. Abarbanel. New York, Hawthorn Books, 1961, vol. 1, pp. 235-46. C622
-------. "The Law of Dirty Books." University Libertarian, 6:5-6, Spring 1958. C623
-------. "Recent Developments in the Law of Obscene Libel." In A. P. Pillay and Albert Ellis, Sex, Society and the Individual, Bombay, 1953. C624
The article continues the account (introduced in Above all Liberties) of British laws against literary obscenity, and includes reference to the case of Eustace Chesser's Love Without Fear.
-------. Sex and Revolution. London, Allen & Unwin, 1934. 144p. C625
The law of obscene libel is dealt with as a factor in the current controversy over sexual ethics.
-------. "Wider Censorship." New Statesman and Nation, 14:516-17, 9 October 1937. C626
The writer condemns the practice of excluding books from public libraries in England because reactionary local public opinion considers the books immoral.
[Crandall, Reuben]. The Trial of Reuben Crandall, M.D., charged with Publishing and Circulating Seditious and Incendiary Papers, &c. in the District of Columbia, with the intent of Exciting Servile Insurrection . . . By a Member of the Bar. Washington, D.C., Printed for the Proprietors, 1836. 48p. C627
A notice in the pamphlet states: "The Trial of Crandall presents the first case of a man charged with endeavoring to excite insurrection among slaves and the free colored population that was ever brought before a judicial tribunal." Dr. Crandall was charged with promulgating false doctrines that the black man had equal rights with the white; with casting reflections on the chivalry of the south; and with intent to cause unrest among Negroes. Dr. Crandall had written publications urging immediate emancipation of slaves. The jury found him not guilty.
[-------]. The Trial of Reuben Crandall, M.D., charged with publishing Seditious Libels, by circulating the publications of the American Anti-Slavery Society. Before the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia, held at Washington, in April, 1836, Occupying the Court the Period of Ten Days. New York, H. R. Piercy, 1836. 62p. (Bailey Pamphlets, v. 39, no. 5) C628
A New York edition of the same pamphlet.
Crane, Jonathan M., and James F. Morton, Jr. "Moses Harman." Mother Earth, 5:10-15, March 1910. C629 §
A brief biography and appreciation of a Kansas crusader for sex education, imprisoned on obscenity charges.
Crane, Verner W. "Benjamin Franklin and the Stamp Act." Publications of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts; Transactions 1933-37, 32:56-77, 1937. C630
An account intended to clarify Franklin's seeming equivocal conduct relative to the stamp act. The author reviews Franklin's attempt to dissuade Grenville from adopting the scheme, his philosophical acceptance of the measure when enacted, and his eventual impassioned plea for the removal of the tax in a hearing before the House of Commons.
Cranfield, G. A. The Development of the Provincial Newspaper (1700-1760). Oxford, Clarendon, 1962. 287p. C631
Chapter 7 deals with Prosecution and the Press. "The growing importance of the provincial press [eighteenth century] was faithfully reflected in the number of prosecutions it suffered as the century progressed."
Crawford, Carolyn. "Controversial Literature in the Public School Libraries." Hawaii Library Association Journal, 20:17-18, Fall 1963. C632
Crawford, Charles T. "Movie Censorship." Kansas Law Review, 4:584-89, May 1956. C633
Notes on the present status of state and municipal motion picture censorship following the Supreme Court's reversal of the Kansas State Board of Review's ban of the motion picture, The Moon Is Blue.
Crawford, W. Rex. "Freedom in theArts." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 200:95-101, November 1938. C634 §
"In part, the conflict over freedom of expression [in the arts] centers around what the artist is trying to express and the limitless possibilities that his utterance, verbal or otherwise, may be construed as an attack on the sacred, the cherished, the vested interest."
Creel, George. "American Newspaper; What It Is and What It Isn't." Everybody's Magazine, 40(4):40-44, 92, April 1919. C635
Discussion of the work of voluntary press censorship in World War I. The author praises the American press for its wartime activities and calls for certain postwar reforms in the public interest.
[-------]. "Authors Discuss Censorship." Publishers' Weekly, 102:1930, 25 November 1922. C636
The chairman of the Committee on Censorship of the Authors League of America defends the voluntary jury system for the New York stage against criticism from the League. He describes how the Committee has stemmed "a tide of beadleism" which had threatened to bring literature under official supervision.
-------. How we Advertised; the First Telling of the Amazing Story of the Committee on Public Information that Carried the Gospel of Americanism to Every Corner of the Globe. New York, Harper, 1920. 466p. C637
American censorship and propaganda efforts told by the chief American censor in World War I.
-------. "The Plight of the Last Censor." Collier's, 107:13+, 24 May 1941. (Reprinted in Summers, Wartime Censorship, pp. 69-75) C638 §
"America's first official censor hopes that he will be the last one." He points out why voluntary censorship will not work in this war any better than it did in the last one. He suggests putting radio and cables under guard but leaving the press free.
-------. "Public Opinion in War Time." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 78:185-94, July 1918. C639
-------. Rebel at Large: Recollections of Fifty Crowded Years. New York, Putnam, 1947. 384p. C640
Autobiography of the head of the World War I Committee on Public Information; includes a chapter on wartime censorship.
-------. "The Truth Shall Make You Free. Collier's, 108(18):17, 27-29, 1 November 1941. C641
Creel gives public advice on wartime control of information to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, based on the policy of President Woodrow Wilson.
-------. "Wanted: Opposition." American Mercury, 54:666-71, June 1942. C642
The man who served as chief American censor in World War I defends freedom of expression in wartime as essential to a democracy.
"Crime Comics and the Constitution." Stanford Law Review, 7:237-60, March 1955. C643
The author concludes that the U.S. Supreme Court might uphold legislation restricting sale of crime comics if there is a serious enough threat to the morals of the community. But more objective investigations of the comic book problem are needed before legislatures should take action. "Do they pose so great a problem that another inroad on fundamental freedoms is warranted?"
"Criminal Libel and Freedom of the Press." Outlook, 94:275, 5 February 1910. C644
Relates to the Panama libel case.
"Criminal Obscenity Statute Held Unconstitutional for Lack of Scienter." Ohio State Law Journal, 23:355-60, 1962. C645
In the case of the City of Cincinnati v. Marshall, 172 Ohio Stat. 280 (1961), the Supreme Court of Ohio reversed a lower court decision, declaring unconstitutional a Cincinnati city ordinance making the possession or sale of obscene writings or pictures a misdemeanor. The ordinance was "fatally defective due to its omission of the element of scienter, or knowledge, in defining the offense." The Ohio ruling followed the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Smith v. California, involving a similar Los Angeles ordinance.
Croft, Taylor. The Cloven Hoof: A Study of Contemporary London Vices. London, D. Archer, 1930. 176p. C646
Contains a chapter on Pornography and Obscene Displays.
Croope, J. Conscience-Oppression; or A Complaint of wrong done to the Peoples Rights, etc. London, 1657. 56p. C647
One of the Liberty of Conscience party during the Protectorate counsels for freedom for Dissenters to publish their opinions without persecution. Quoted in Clyde, The Struggle for the Freedom of the Press, p. 288.
Crosby, John. "Censorship on the Air." In his Out of the Blue, a Book about Radio and Television. New York, Simon and Schuster, 1952, pp. 271-81. C648
Deals largely with the N.B.C. network censorship of Fred Allen, "possibly the most censored man in radio."
-------. "Movies Are Too Dirty." Saturday Evening Post, 235(40):8, 11, 10 November 1962. C649
Most "adult" pictures produced today aren't fit for grownups, let alone children, according to this movie critic. He objects violently to the degenerate, childishly prurient, and repellent treatment of sex by the movies and suggests that we solve the problem by classification of films as in Great Britain and by indignant complaints. Censorship is not the answer--it always fails "because the wrong things get censored for the wrong reasons by the wrong people." Walk on the Wild Side, a "rampantly sexual, really dirty movie" got the seal of the Legion of Decency because the prostitute was redeemed, while Never on Sunday, a "far more wholesome movie" was condemned by the Legion because the prostitute seemed to enjoy her work.
Crosby, William D. "Basis of Liability in Radio Defamation." Boston University Law Review, 29:90-97, April 1949. C650
Crosman, Ralph L. "Freedom of the Press in 1931." Journalism Quarterly, 9:149-69, June 1932. C651
A survey of censorship events of that year.
-------. "Legal and Journalistic Significance of the Trial of John Peter Zenger." Rocky Mountain Law Review, 10:258-68, January 1938. C652
Cross, Farrell. "Creeping Censorship in Our Libraries." Coronet, 50:40-45, May 1961. C653
Cites instances where "self-righteous book burners" such as Governor Ross Barnett of Mississippi and San Antonio's "Minute Women" have censored American libraries.
Cross, Harold L. "Current Libel Trends." Nieman Reports, 5(1):7-11, January 1951. C654
A discussion of libel in its flexible and varying forms by "one of America's great specialists in libel," former professor of journalism, Columbia University.
-------. The Executive Privilege to Withhold. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1958. 4p. (Publication no. 9, reprinted from the ASNE Bulletin, Aug. 1958) C655 §
The counsel for the American Society of Newspaper Editors writes of his doubts of the existence of executive privilege to withhold information from Congress and the people.
-------. "The People's Right to Know: Its Nature and Needs." In Lectures on Communications Media, Legal and Policy Problems, Delivered at University of Michigan Law School, June 16-June 18, 1954. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Law School, 1954, pp. 46-60. C656
The author of a book of the same title discusses further the right of access to public records and proceedings. The right of the people "to examine public records and to attend public proceedings is the foundation without which the structure of freedom of speech, free press, and public trial cannot be built."
-------. The People's Right to Know. Legal Access to Public Records and Proceedings. New York, Columbia University, 1953. 405 p. (Cumulative Supplement no. 1, 1953, 36p.; no. 2, 1959, 114p.) C657
An analysis of state and federal statutes, court decisions, opinions of attorneys general, and official regulations that determine rights of public and press access to public records and proceedings. Following a general discussion on the right of inspection, there are chapters on inspection of state and municipal nonjudicial records, inspection of state judicial records, access to judicial proceedings, access to state and municipal legislative and administrative proceedings, and federal nonjudicial records and proceedings. Appendixes include, newspapers as parties litigant in applications for compulsory inspection, state statutes which define the term "public records," state statutes which create, define, or state a general right of inspection of public records, and status of records for purposes other than inspection. This is a comprehensive reference work prepared by an authority on newspaper law for the Freedom of Information Committee of the American Society of Newspaper Editors.
-------. "The People's Right to Know; Legal Developments in 1957-1958." In Problems of Journalism; Proceedings of the Annual Meeting, American Society of Newspaper Editors, 1958. Washington, D.C. ASNE, 1958, pp. 231-47. C658 §
Events are summarized under the headings: The Federal Scene, In the States, and Legislation.
-------. The Right to Know. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1960. 6p. (Publication no. 26) C659 §
An assessment of recent gains and losses in the public's "right to know."
-------. "Some Twilight Zones in Newspaper Libel." Cornell Law Quarterly, 1:238-56, May 1916. C660
It is becoming "increasingly difficult for the courts and journalists to steer a safe course between the Scylla of undue restraint and the Charybdis of abuse." The author discusses the Code of Civil Procedure with respect to libel action, noting some of the problems presented, and suggesting principles which should determine the decisions.
-------. "Where Stands the Battle Line on Press Freedom?" Nieman Reports, 8(4):40-47, October 1954. C661
A review of the historic right of freedom of the press and the modern conditions affecting this constitutional guarantee. The author finds expanded freedom in the matter of contempt of court, but elsewhere freedoms are abridged in various indirect ways.
Crosthwait, Charles. "Censorship and the School Library." Wilson Library Bulletin, 39:670-72, April 1965. C662
Reviews the historic pressures against controversial works in school libraries. Some of the present targets of the censor are the teaching of such subjects as the United Nations, the New Deal, communism, race relations, and religion and morals. He suggests ways to meet such controversies.
[Croswell, Harry]. The speeches at full length of Mr. Van Ness, Mr. Caines, the Attorney-General [Ambrose Spencer] Mr. Harrison, and General Hamilton, in the Great Cause of the People, against Harry Croswell, on an Indictment for a Libel on Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States. New York, Printed by G.&R. Waite, 1804. 78p. (Also in American State Trials, vol. 16, pp. 40-77. A summary of Hamilton's argument and commentary appears in Levy, Freedom of the Press from Zenger to Jefferson, pp. 377-99) C663
Croswell, editor of the Federalist publication, The Wasp, of Hudson, N.Y., was charged with seditious libel at the instigation of Jefferson's friend, Governor George Clinton of New York. Croswell had accused Jefferson in his paper of paying James T. Callender to denounce Washington and Adams. A Democratic judge cited the opinion of Lord Mansfield in the case of the Dean of St. Asaph's, that truth was not a defense in seditious libel and that the judge, not the jury, decided whether or not the statement was libelous. On appeal, Alexander Hamilton represented Croswell, declaring that freedom of the press "consists in the right to publish, with impunity, truth, with good motive, for justifiable ends, though reflecting on government, magistracy, or individuals." The prosecution again insisted on the narrow definitions of Blackstone and Mansfield. Croswell was eventually acquitted by an evenly divided court. Thus we have the anomaly of the Jefferson administration adopting tactics of suppression against its critics that it had denounced under the previous administration of John Adams. In the following year the New York legislature passed a bill permitting truth as a defense and allowing a jury to decide whether or not the work was libelous.
Crotty, Robert T. The Irish Press. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1962. 4p. (Publication no. 80) C664 §
A survey of self-censorship in the Irish press.
Crouse, Jay. "'Off-the-Record' Is Form of Censorship." Quill, 48(7):16, 20 July 1960. C665
"Off-the-record" conferences are subterfuges which stifle the voice of the press and deprive the people of its right to know.
Crow, Peter. Access to News: Gray Areas. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1965. 4p. (Publication no. 148) C666 §
"There are many incidents involving access to information in which the interests of the public and the interests of the individual citizens are almost equally balanced."
Crowell, Chester T. "My Daughter, Oh My Daughter." New Republic, 38:281-83, 7 May 1924. C667
A humorous account of a managing editor faced with the protests of a father concerned with the effect of news stories on his twelve-year-old daughter.
Crowell, Robert L. "'A Little Bit of Censoring."' Wilson Library Bulletin, 39:652-57, April 1965. C668
The president and chairman of the board of the Thomas Y. Crowell Company describes the attacks on his company's Dictionary of American Slang in California where "in the minds of some voters, this book had now become associated with the deterioration of the English language, sexual perversion, liberalism, Communism, the alleged softening of the boys in Korea, and urban renewal." The title of the article is taken from a statement by California's State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Max Rafferty, who stated that "we ought to do a little bit of censoring" and advised the removal of the Dictionary of American Slang from California school libraries. Thomas W. Braden, president of the State Board of Education introduced a resolution against statewide banning of books from the public schools, which was unanimously approved by the Board. Crowell refers to a five-page statement from Professor S. I. Hayakawa on behalf of the Dictionary, to the effect that knowledge of evil does not incite evil, least of all dictionary words and definitions. About three out of four newspaper stories and editorials opposed the censorship. The company decided not to take legal action on the grounds of either libel or copyright violation (various groups had extracted and reproduced in pamphlets the most offensive entries and large quantities of these pamphlets were distributed, some among high school students), but to await the verdict of community opinion. "I wonder if perhaps it wasn't better that way. The people decided what the courts did not. The book was vindicated, and the attackers were discredited."
Crowell, William B. "Libel of Public Officials." Bench and Bar, 5 (n.s.):104-15, July 1913. C669
Crowley, Ellen. "Who Do You Think You Are!" Wyoming Library Roundup, 5:[3-8], July 1950. C670
Librarians should be neither guardians of books nor censors of what the public reads.
Crowther, Bosley. Movies and Censorship. New York, Public Affairs Committee, 1962. 28 p. (Public Affairs Pamphlet no. 332) C671
The motion picture critic of the New York Times reviews the history of censorship of movies and recent court decisions relating thereto. He discusses the various methods used to restrict obscene movies--the industry code, film classification (compulsory or advisory), and the British system. He lists some of the available independent film rating services.
-------. "The Strange Case of The Miracle." Atlantic Monthly, 187:35-39, April 1951. Discussion, 188:15-16, July 1951. C672
"To what extent shall books, plays, and films be restricted in this country by what one or another religious group believes to be sacrilegious? The question has been posed directly by the recent efforts of Catholic authorities in New York City to cause the withdrawal of an Italian film and to achieve a boycott of the theatre which, under a court injunction, persisted in showing it." A record of events by which the Italian film, The Miracle, was hamstrung and harassed in New York; a demonstration "of the vehemence of a campaign waged by powerful elements of the Catholic church to restrain the subject matter of films shown in this country."
Crowther, Jonathan. An Apology for the Liberty of the Press among the Methodists; Being an Examination of the Claim to restrain the Preachers from publishing; and an Investigation of the Subject of Hawking Booksellers. 2d ed. Halifax, P. K. Holden, 1810. 8p. C673
A Methodist minister protests the prohibition upon the Methodist clergy from publishing works outside the official publishing agency of the Church and selling them via hawkers rather than through the Methodist book-rooms. He believes such restraints deny the "unalienable rights of men and true Christian Liberty." The loss of profits by the book-rooms are too small to be considered. He defends sale of religious books by hawkers or peddlers as a means of reaching families who do not patronize bookshops.
Crum, Mark. "Facing up to Controversy." Michigan Librarian, 28:11-12, March 1962. C674
Advice from the librarian of the Kalamazoo Public Library on what to do before a censorship issue arises, when an issue is raised, and when confronted with a genuinely fanatical person.
"Crusade against Boccaccio and Rabelais." Publishers' Weekly, 64:1397-98, 5 December 1903; 64: 1491, 19 December 1903. C675
The campaign of Boston's Watch and Ward Society against four booksellers for selling the Decameron and the works of Rabelais. In the second article a Boston municipal judge is reported as declaring Boccaccio and Rabelais "impure" and imposing fines on the booksellers.
"Crusade against Unclean Books." Literary Digest, 76:30, 31 March 1923. C676
Discusses the work of New York's Clean Books League.
"Crusade for Truth." Fortune, 31:146-49,185-91, April 1945. C677
Reviews the work of Kent Cooper in organizing a world tour of the American Society of Newspaper Editors to enlist international support for agreement on freedom of information. The Fortune editors conclude that Cooper was promoting both an ideal and freedom of cable rates and wireless transmission for the Associated Press of which he was director. He was also fighting for the right of free competition among news agencies.
Cummings, Arthur J. The Press and a Changing Civilization. London, Lane, 1936. 139 p. (Twentieth Century Library) C678
There are chapters on The Early Struggle of the Press, Press in Wartime (World War I), and The Menace of Freedom (from Nazi and Soviet taint of state control).
Cummings, J. Joseph. "Television and the Right of Privacy." Marquette Law Review, 35:157-66, Fall 1952. C679
Cunningham, Glenn. "Operation Yorkville, a Major Force in the Battle against Obscene Literature." Congressional Record, A3704-6, 10 June 1963. C680
[Curll, Edmund]. "Trial for Publishing an Obscene Libel, 1727." In Howell, State Trials, vol. 17, pp. 154 ff. C681 §
Curll, a London publisher, was brought to trial in Court of King's Bench for selling a pamphlet, Venus in the Cloister, or, The Nun in her Smock. The Court rejected an earlier decision by Judge Holt, in the case of Rex v. Read, that works tending to corrupt public morals ought to be tried in spiritual not temporal courts. The majority of justices found Curll guilty of obscene libel. Lord Fortescue dissented, calling the work bawdy, but not libelous, and performing the useful function of exposing corrupt priests. In 1720 Curll was brought before the House of Commons for announcing publication of the works of the Duke of Buckingham; in 1722 his edition of Pope's Correspondence was seized until the House could determine that it contained no letters from a Peer. At the time Parliament considered it unlawful for the press to even mention the names of its members.
Curran, John P. ["Speech at the Trial of Doctor Drennan"]. In Speeches of the Right Honorable John Philpot Curran . . . edited by Thomas Davis. London, Bohn, 1847. pp. 220-33. C682 §
Dr. Drennan was indicted for having written and published a seditious libel, a proclamation addressed to United Irishmen. He was defended by Curran and acquitted by the jury. Archibald H. Rowen, who signed the proclamation as secretary, and John Robb, the printer for the Northern Star in which the address was published, were tried separately and found guilty. Curran's speeches at the Rowan trial are on pp. 161-211; his speech at the trial of the proprietors of the Northern Star are on pp. 233-39.
-------. ["Speech at the Trial of Hamilton Rowan"]. In Speeches of the Right Honourable John Philpot Curran . . . edited by Thomas Davis. London, Bohn, 1847, pp. 161-211. (Text also appears in separate reports of the Rowan trial) C683
Curran defended Rowan in a libel trial for publication of an address to the Dublin United Irishmen.
-------. ["Speech at the Trial of Peter Finnerty"]. In Speeches of the Right Honourable John Philpot Curran . . . edited by Thomas Davis. London, Bohn, 1847. pp. 330-62. C684
The publisher of the Dublin Press, a propagandist organ of the United Irishmen, was tried and convicted of libel for publishing a criticism of the trial and execution of William Orr, which he termed "murder." For his criticism of the trial Finnerty received a two-year sentence.
Curry, William L. Comstockery; a Study in the Rise and Decline of a Watchdog Censorship; with Attention Particularly to the Reports of the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice, to Magazine Articles and to News Items and Editorials in the New York Times, Supplementing Other Standard Studies on Comstock and Censorship. New York, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1957. 273 p. (Ph. D. dissertation, University Microfilms, no. 21,779) C685
Curtis, Bernard A. "The Morality of Catholic Censorship." Christian Century, 82:772-75, 16 June 1965. C686
"No one man nor even ten men should dare to judge and reject a book which explores Catholic dogma."
Curtis, George T. Treatise on the Law of Copyright. London, Sweet & Maxwell, 1847. 450p. C687
An early study of English and American copyright.
Curtis, Thomas B. Political Information Curbs. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1961. 3 p. (Publication no. 50) C688 §
In testimony before the Special House Committee to Investigate Campaign Expenditures, Representative Curtis considers the role of the news media, the rising power of pressure groups, and the decline of power and responsibility of the parties. One of the greatest problems is the practice of the news media in giving "free" publicity to a favored candidate and denying proper publicity to an unfavored one.
Cusack, Mary A. Editorializing in Broadcasting. Detroit, Wayne State University, 1960. 273p. (Ph. D. dissertation, University Microfilms, no. 60-2319) C689
-------. "The Emergence of Political Editorializing in Broadcasting." Journal of Broadcasting, 8: 53-62, Winter 1963-64. C690 §
The historical development of political editorializing as a concern of the American broadcasting industry.
Cushing, Marshall H. Story of Our Post Office: The Greatest Government Department in All Its Phases. Boston, Thayer, 1893. 1034p. C691
Sex censorship of the mails is discussed on pp. 609-24; antilottery censorship, pp. 535, 540-41, 546; frauds, pp. 503, 567-78.
Cushman, Jerome. "Book Selection in the Small Public Library." In Freedom of Communication; Proceedings of the First Conference on Intellectual Freedom . . . Chicago, American Library Association, 1954. pp. 50-54. C692 §
-------. "The Hidden Persuaders in Book Selection." Library Journal, 90:3553-58, 15 September 1965. C693
"Subtle pressures by the community, the library board, and the book selection staff itself are among the hidden persuaders in book selection."
-------, et al. "Book Rejection: Is It Censorship?" Library Journal, 87:2298-2304+, 15 June 1962. C694
The editors ask the question: How does a librarian reject a book, particularly a controversial book, without incurring charges of censorship? Views of those librarians responding include Jerome Cushman, Edwin Castagna, Stuart C. Sherman, Ray Smith, Zada Taylor, John F. Anderson, Donald V. Black, and Robert B. Downs.
Cushman, Robert E. Civil Liberties in the United States; a Guide to Current Problems and Experience. Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press, 1956. 248 p. (Cornell Studies in Civil Liberty) C695
Chapter 1 deals with freedom of speech, press, assembly, and petition. It includes government protection of public morals and decency, protection of private interests against libel and slander, protection against speeches and publications alleged to be nuisances, and postal censorship.
-------. "'Clear and Present Danger' in Free Speech Cases: a Study in Judicial Semantics." In Milton R. Konvitz and Arthur E. Murphy, eds., Essays in Political Theory Presented to George H. Sabine. Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press, 1958, pp. 311-24. C696
-------. Keep Our Press Free! New York, Public Affairs Committee, 1946. 32p. (Public Affairs Pamphlet no. 123) C697
A popularly presented history of freedom of the press--wartime and peacetime sedition, obscene literature, Supreme Court test cases, and economic restraints. The author is an authority on constitutional law.
-------. "National Police Power under the Postal Clause of the Constitution." Minnesota Law Review, 4:402-40, May 1920. C698
The purpose of the article is "to trace the various lines along which this national police power has developed under the postal clause of the constitution, to examine the conflicting views regarding the constitutional propriety of that development, and to determine, if possible, what are the true limits of the police power as derived." Problems are treated under four principal topics: (1) Police regulations which Congress has enacted to protect the safety and efficiency of the postal system. (2) Police regulations enacted to prevent the postal system from being used for purposes which are injurious to the public welfare. (Fraud order legislation and the obscene literature acts fall into this group.) (3) Those regulations which deny the right to use the mails for the purpose of violating or evading the laws of the states. (4) The proposals that conformity to general police regulations be made the price of the enjoyment of postal privileges.
-------. "Some Constitutional Problems of Civil Liberty." Boston University Law Review, 23:335-78, June 1943. C699
The first part discusses freedom of the press, noting three groups that must play a part in preserving this freedom: the legislature, the government official, and the ordinary citizen.
Cusseres, Benjamin de. "Case of Prudery Against Literature; Attack on Gautier's Novel Brings to Mind Many Historic Examples of Law's Moral Censorship of Books." New York Times, section 7, p. 3, 23 May 1920. C700
Historical discussion of sex censorship, prompted by the court awarding damages against the New York vice society for malicious prosecution of a book clerk (Raymond D. Halsey v. John E. Summer) in the sale of Gautier's Mademoiselle de Maupin.
"Customs Censorship." Publishers' Weekly, 117:984-85, 22 February 1930. C701
Discussion of the forthcoming debates over the censorship clause in the Tariff Bill before the U.S. Senate, and opposition to the clause by the New York Library Association.
Cuthell, John. "Trial for Publishing a Seditious Libel, a Pamphlet Written by Gilbert Wakefield, 1799." In Howell, State Trials, vol. 27, pp. 642 ff.; also in Erskine, Speeches, vol. 5, pp. 213-46. C702
Bookseller Cuthell was tried and convicted of selling Rev. Gilbert Wakefield's pamphlet attacking the Pitt administration. In his defense Thomas Erskine maintained that Cuthell had no knowledge of the content of the work and therefore no criminal intent. Lord Kenyon ignored this distinction, declaring the work libelous, and then invited the jurors to make up their own minds. The jury found Cuthell guilty. Lord Kenyon stated the issue of libel in these simple terms: "A man may publish any thing which twelve of his countrymen think is not blameable, but that he ought to be punished if he publishes that which is blameable."
Cutler, Charles R. "The Post Office Department and the Administrative Procedure Act." Northwestern University Law Review, 47:72-80, March-April 1952. C703
Notes on Post-Office "control over the moral and manners of the mails" in relation to due process, 1946-51.
Cutler, S. Olney. "The Clear and Present Danger Test--Schenck to Dennis." Georgetown Law Journal, 40:304-20, January 1952. C704
Covers the period from the Schenck case, 249 U.S. 47 (1919) through the Dennis case, 341 U.S. 494 (1951).
Cutting, Bronson, Reed Smoot, et al. ["The Customs Censorship"]. Congressional Record, 71:4433-39, 10 October 1929; 71:4445-72, 11 October 1929; 72:5414-33, 17 March 1930; 72:5487-5522, 18 March 1930. (Extracts of the speeches in Beman, Censorship of Speech and the Press, pp. 431-66) C705 §
Lengthy discussions on an amendment to the tariff act, offered by Senator Bronson Cutting, to exempt literature from the operation of the U.S. Customs censor. Senator Reed Smoot was the chief opponent. The amendment failed, but a modified amendment passed.
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