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-------. "On a Censorship of Literature." In his Come to Think of It . . . New York, Dodd, Mead, 1931, pp. 27-32. C304
A witty argument against censorship, revealing the muddled thinking that lies behind it. Three totally distinct things are often confused in censorship involving sexual decorum: antisocial sex theories, descriptive writing likely to excite sex appetites, and use of objectionable terms. Society must first agree upon a morality before it can have a censor of morals. We ought to be making a fuss about real life and let fiction take care of itself. Many who demand censorship "are really demanding that we should tolerate in life what we will not tolerate in literature."
-------. "Prohibition and the Press." In his Fancies Versus Fads, 3d ed., London, Methuen, 1927, pp. 80-85. C305
A criticism of American Prohibition, applying John Milton's arguments for liberty of the press (Areopagitica) to liberty in drinking. True freedom gives to man the "ownership of his own body and his own bodily activities" whether it is in speaking, writing, or drinking beer. There is as much risk involved in the freedom to print as in the freedom to drink.
[Cheynell, Francis]. Chillingworthi Novissima. Or the Sicknesse, Heresy, Death and Burial of William Chillingworth (in his own phrase) Clerk of Oxford . . . and a short Oration at the Buriall of his Hereticall Book. London, 1644. C306
A unique form of censorship is proposed by this Calvinist minister--the burial of the offending works of the rationalist theologian, William Chillingworth. Pastor Cheynell had previously refused to bury the author.
Cheyney, Edward P. "Freedom and Restraint: A Short History." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 200:1-12, November 1938. (Reprinted in Schramm, Mass Communications, pp. 121-37) C307 §
The author traces freedom of speech and of the press in America, from the adoption of the Bill of Rights (1791) to present-day subversive activity probes. Such episodes as the Sedition Act, the oppression of abolitionists, and the "criminal syndicalism" trials represent exceptions in a country which has been remarkably free of government threat to personal liberty. "Popular passion" has always been the greatest threat to civil liberties. Cheyney also served as editor of this entire issue of The Annals, which was devoted to "Freedom of Inquiry and Expression." He sums up the series of studies in Observations and Generalizations, pp. 275-91. "Freedom of expression is not merely a personal privilege, nor is it only a defense against tyranny of government or of any other possessors of power; it is a condition of progress."
Chicago. Commission upon Moving Picture Censorship. Report. Chicago, The Commission, 1920. 184p. C308
The Commission was appointed by the Committee on Judiciary of the Chicago City Council to study and recommend revision of the city's ordinance on censorship of motion pictures. Its 20 members included a judge, Methodist and Episcopal ministers, a Catholic priest, and representatives of the Holy Name Society and the Knights of Columbus. Conclusions: (1) There is no legal or constitutional restriction on prior censorship of movies. (2) Censorship should be removed from the police department. (3) A Department of Motion Pictures should be created to have exclusive authority over licensing of movies. (4) The Department should approve motion picture advertising and should stamp its approval on each reel of film and each advertisement approved. (5) The "pink permit" section of the present ordinance ("adults only" films) should be repealed. "No picture should be exhibited," the report concluded, "that could not be shown before the father and mother in company with their children." Text of the proposed ordinance is included.
Chicago. Municipal Reference Library. Censorship of Motion Picture Films in Cities in the United States Other than Chicago. Chicago, The Library, 1918. 18p. mimeo. C309
The report favors municipal censorship of movies.
Chicago. Police Department. "Obscene Literature." Training Bulletin, 3(47, 48), 19 November, 26 November 1962. 3p. C310 §
Definitions of obscenity as indicated in recent court decisions, and procedures to be followed by the police when handling suspected obscene publications.
"Chicago Booksellers Join to Fight Censorship." Publishers' Weekly, 186:83+, 6 July 1964. C311
Editorial on the establishment of the Greater Chicago Booksellers' Association for the purpose of organizing opposition to city censorship.
Chicago Civil Liberties Committee. Pursuit of Freedom; a History of Civil Liberty in Illinois, 1787-1942 . . . Chicago, The Chicago Civil Liberties Committee and the Illinois Civil Liberties Committee, 1942. 221p. C312
Chapter 3 deals with freedom of the press in Illinois; Chapter 4 with censorship. The editorial committee, Edgar Bernhard, Ira Latimer, and Harvey O'Connor, prepared the report.
"Chicago Movie Censorship." Literary Digest, 48:702-3, 28 March 1914. C313
Pros and cons in the press regarding the new board of movie censorship. The Advocate is quoted as criticizing the Chicago newspapers for their opposition to the censorship and for their failure to measure up to "their responsibility in the emergency of morals brought about by the picture-theaters."
[Chicago Tribune]. What American Editors Said about the Ten Million Dollar Libel Suit. Editorial Comment in American Press on the Lawsuit Brought in the Name of the City of Chicago against the Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Chicago Tribune, 1921. 154p. C314
The city of Chicago had brought a $10,000,000 libel suit against the Chicago Tribune for alleged damages to the city's credit inflicted by the Tribune's exposures of municipal corruption. The Illinois Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Tribune, declaring that "the people have the right to discuss their government without fear of being called to account in the courts for their expression of opinion."
"Chicago Vice Committee Report Excluded from the Mail." Nation, 93:308-9, 5 October 1911. C315
A famous case of Post-Office censorship is the exclusion from the mails of The Social Evil in Chicago, a report prepared by the official Vice Commission of Chicago for distribution to clergymen, editors, and social workers.
Chidley, Samuel. The Dissembling Scot Set forth in his Coulours Or a Vindication of Lieu. Col. John Lilburn and others, From those Aspersions cast upon them by David Brown in his idle pamphlet . . . London, 1652. C316
Chidley, although an impassioned Leveller and a disciple of the exiled Lilburne, did not agree with his brethren on freedom of the press. The license systems, he argued, should be rigorously enforced, at least against such pamphleteers as David Brown. Brown had informed on Lilburne and testified against him at the sedition trial.
[Chidley, William J.]. "Chivied Chidley; His Immurement as Insane; He Describes His Callan Park Experiences; Cries of Souls in Grievous Agony." Truth; the People's Paper, 21 September 1913. C317
Chidley, an Australian minister, had written and published a book, The Answer (Melbourne, Australian Author's Agency, 1911. 79p.), in which he offered a strange theory on sexual intercourse, discussed in religious context. The work was judged obscene and ordered burnt. Chidley was arrested, committed to an asylum and later sent to jail. His case was discussed in the Australian Parliament. Numerous accounts of the episode appear in the Melbourne and Sydney papers over the period from 1911 through 1914 and are listed in Schroeder, Free Speech Bibliography.
[Child, David L.]. Trial of the Case of the Commonwealth versus David Lee Child, for Publishing in the Massachusetts Journal a Libel on the Honorable John Keyes, before the Supreme Judicial Court, Holden at Cambridge, in the County of Middlesex. October term; 1828. Reported by John W. Whitman. Boston, Dutton and Wentworth, 1829. 119p. C318
Child, Richard W. "The Critic and the Law." Atlantic Monthly, 97:620-29, May 1906. C319
"From a legal point of view, then, we as critics are all held to a high standard of fairness. We must not comment on any but matters of public interest. We must be honest and sincere, but we may express any view, no matter how prejudiced or exaggerated it may be, so long as it does not exceed the limits to which a reasonably fair man would go."
Childs, Harwood L. "Pressure Groups and Intellectual Freedom." In Freedom of Communication; Proceedings of the First Conference on Intellectual Freedom . . . Chicago, American Library Association, 1954, pp. 73-88. C320 §
Childs, Marquis. "'Managing' News: An Old Practice With New Twists." St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 31 March 1963, Editorial Section, p. 1. C321
"In this reporter's nearly 30 years in Washington, there has never been a day that the news has not been managed . . . When, as has happened since the war, news management is linked to 'national security' and the growing practice of stamping almost any document secret or top secret, there is reason for grave concern."
-------. "What Signs Threaten Free Press?" Nieman Reports, 5(3):7-10, July 1951. C322
An address by the syndicated Washington columnist on receiving the University of Missouri School of Journalism award. He lists present dangers to freedom of the press and describes the action needed to preserve "the right of independent opinion for a newspaper, for an editor, and for the individual in our society who elects to stand alone."
[Christesen, C. B.]. "Censorship and Cant." Meanjin Quarterly; a Review of Arts and Letters in Australia, 23:223-24, 1964. C323
An editorial criticizing censorship practices of Australian Customs in prohibiting such works as Lady Chatterley's Lover, Lolita, and Another Country.
"Christian Civilisation in War and Peace." Mother Earth, 7:253-54, October 1912. C324 §
The article includes the cartoon for which Ludovico Caminita was arrested for alleged provocation of war with Italy.
Christiansen, Paul. "Prior Censorship and Movies." Rocky Mountain Law Review, 33:421-24, April 1961. C325
Notes on Times Film Corp. v. City of Chicago, 365 U.S. 43 (1961).
Christie, J. R. "Liability of Publishers of Newspapers for Advertisement Containing False Statement Not ex facie Libelous, but Containing an Imputation on Character When Read by Person Acquainted with Circumstances Unknown to Publishers." Juridical Review, 22:254-60, October 1910. C326
Christinger, Raymond. Le Développement de la Presse et son Influence sur la Responsabilité Internationale de l'Etat. Lausanne, Switz., Roth and Cie, 1944. 155p. C327
A survey of the national press systems in operation at the beginning of World War II--free, state-directed, and state-controlled. Discusses principles of international responsibility of the press in time of peace and war.
Christman, Henry. "'Nobly Save or Meanly Lose."' Survey Graphic, 35:436-40, December 1946. C328
In an introduction to a special issue of Survey Graphic devoted to communications, the editor calls on America to take the leadership in providing people of the postwar world with information and understanding. But freedom begins at home and we must "re-evaluate boldly our own record at home" with respect to the right to know. The title is a Lincoln quotation.
Christophilus, pseud. Vindiciae Britannicae: Christianity interested in the Dismissal of Ministers. A Vindication of the People from the Charge of Blasphemy, and a Defence of the Freedom of the Press. In Six Letters, Addressed to W. Wilberforce, Esq. M.P., and the Religious Public. 2d ed. London, 1821. (The Pamphleteer, London, 1822, vol. 19, no. 37, pp. 161-99; 369-429) C329
A general discussion of blasphemy and sedition.
Churchill, Randolph S. What I Said about the Press. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1957. 112p. C330 §
A transcript of the author's successful libel case against Odhams Press and Harry Ainsworth, together with the speeches and articles which gave rise to the case.
Ciardi, John. "Across the River and Into New Jersey." Saturday Review, 44(18):35, 6 May 1961. C331
Concerns the demand by a Catholic War Veterans group in New Jersey for the suppression of a Rutgers University literary magazine.
-------. "Banned in Boston." Saturday Review, 48(10):14, 6 March 1965. C332
Observations on the Boston trial of William Burroughs' Naked Lunch and obscenity trials in general.
-------. "The Book Banners." Saturday Review, 45(25):39, 23 June 1962. C333
The publisher may clear a book through the courts in one jurisdiction only to be prosecuted in another city. Because of recent court decisions he will eventually win if he fights long enough and can afford the legal fees.
-------. "The Book Banners Again (and Again and Again)." Saturday Review, 48(35):21, 28 August 1965. C334
Comments on the decision of Judge Eugene A. Hudson in the Boston trial of William Burroughs' Naked Lunch, finding the book obscene. While the verdict "is the best effort of an able and learned judge," Ciardi concludes that "the law itself is incapable of doing honor to itself in such trials," and that a judge is incompetent to serve as "a capable agent of literary criticism."
-------. "Book Banning and Juvenile Delinquency." Saturday Review, 46(31):16, 10 August 1963. C335
Ciardi doubts that any child becomes a juvenile delinquent because of what he reads--how can it ever be the consequence of anything but parental delinquency? While admitting the stimulation of sexy literature on the adolescent, "nothing suggests sex more movingly than a girl to a boy and a boy to a girl" and there is always an ample supply of both.
-------. "The Book Burners and Sweet Sixteen." Saturday Review, 42(26):22, 30, 27 June 1959. C336
Editorial comment on the edict from University of Chicago's Chancellor Kimpton against the publication in the Chicago Review of anything that would "offend a sixteen-year-old girl" and the Post-Office action against Big Table, a magazine privately published by student editors who had resigned over the restrictions. Two of the works featured were: Jack Kerouac's Old Angel Midnight and William S. Burroughs' Ten Episodes from Naked Lunch.
-------. "Last Exit to Nowhere." Saturday Review, 48(14):12, 3 April 1965. C337
"Someday, and soon I hope, the Supreme Court will hear a book-banning case and issue a ruling that not only clears the book but enunciates legal principles so firmly that the everlastingly reiterated harassment of books by the lower courts will be brought to a halt." Ciardi rejects the two charges usually brought against a book--that it contributes to juvenile delinquency and that it offends community standards. There is no demonstrable connection between juvenile delinquency and any reading habit; a book has no way of intruding upon the community and it offends an individual only when he seeks it out.
-------. "A Public Answer." Saturday Review, 45(31):11, 4 August 1962. C338
An answer to letters received after his defense of Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer, charging that he would have a different attitude if his children could read the book. Ciardi reveals his attitude as a parent and his belief in children reading at any age what they want to read, so long as they discuss it with their parents.
-------. "Student Publications and the Tufts Plan (or Alma Mater, Yours in Pride)." Saturday Review, 48(37):20-22, 11 September 1965. C339
Discussion and text of the Tufts College statement on university policy toward student publications. The University will not act as a censor; it leaves the right to publish with the editors and faculty advisors, subject to no revision by the University.
-------. "Tropic of Cancer." Saturday Review, 45(26):13, 30 June 1962. C340
"Tropic of Cancer must be defended, but not as 'a great book.' It must be defended as the work of a serious artist enlarged by talent and passionately engaged in giving form (and thereby meaning) to his view of life."
-------. "What Is Pornography?" Saturday Review, 46(28):20, 13 July 1963. C341
To the question "Is Fanny Hill pornography?" Ciardi answers: "It certainly is: it was written as such, it has had a clandestine history in which all scholars have held it to be such, and such it is today and will be to the dark end of time's last bookshelf."
Cibber, Colley. "C--y C--'s Letter to The Craftsman. To Caleb D'Anvers, Esq." In A New Miscellany for the Year 1737. London, 1737, pp. 22-29. C342
This letter from the actor, playwright, and poet laureate of England deals with the licensing of stage plays.
"Circulating Libraries Association and Banned Books." Library Association Record, 18:383, 15 September 1916. C343
Invitation to librarians to become librarian associates of the Association, which recently established a Committee to "classify" books on the basis of their morality.
["Circulating Libraries Association Censorship of Books"]. Library Association Record, 12:28-29, 15 January 1910. C344
Text of letter announcing the censorship policy of the Circulating Libraries Association.
A Citizen of Georgia. Remarks on Slavery, Occasioned by Attempts to Circulate Improper Publications in the Southern States. Augusta, Ga., 1835. C345
The writer argues that suppression of abolitionist literature is desirable because, if slaves could read, it would "tend to make them restless and discontented" and hence lead to their ruin.
Citizens for Decent Literature. Criminal Obscenity Convictions in Which United States Supreme Court Has Denied Review--1957-65. Cincinnati, The CDL, 1965. 8p. C346
From Roth-Alberts to Wenzler-Imlay.
-------. Fight Newsstand Filth. The Law Is Your Weapon. Cincinnati, The CDL, 1960. 31p. C347
"A question and answer booklet that describes the aims and the methods used by Citizens for Decent Literature to wipe out the evil, billion dollar, printed filth racket." An interview with Charles Keating, Jr., founder of the CDL, conducted by Douglas J. Roche. "The CDL doesn't set itself up as a judge and tell people they can't read this or that. The CDL wants the courts to judge if certain publications are obscene."
-------. National Decency Reporter; National News Letter of Citizens for Decent Literature. Cincinnati, The CDL, 1963-date. Approximately monthly. C348
Reports news of local, state, and national CDL groups, court cases, and legislation, and gives advice to members on methods of fighting the spread of pornographic books and magazines in local communities.
-------. Printed Poison. A Community Problem. Cincinnati, The CDL, 1960. 32p. C349
"The sordid story of the muck merchants, their efforts to sell printed filth to the youngsters of America. . . . The author provides a forceful reminder that it is even more necessary to protect our children's minds than it is their bodies."
-------. Procedures Handbook for Establishing a Citizens for Decent Literature Group in Your Town. Cincinnati, The CDL, n.d. 12p. C350
-------. Vanguard; Young Adults News Letter. Cincinnati, The CDL, 1963-date. Monthly. C351
Civil Liberties Committee of Massachusetts. Censorship in Boston . . . Boston, The Committee, 1938. 14p. (The material for the pamphlet was collected by Constantine Aristides) C352
No motion picture censorship board exists in Boston but there are severe restrictions on Sunday showings. The law of 1936 assures stage plays one uncensored production before the City License Commission makes recommendation of cuts; a hearing is also provided for. The Watch and Ward Society has withdrawn from book censorship but the booksellers use their own system which has deprived Boston citizens of works of literature available in other cities. A Censorship Committee of the Police Department acts arbitrarily against offending magazines.
-------. Censorship in Time of Crisis. A Symposium . . . Boston, The Committee, 1941. 34p. C353
Includes: Is Regulation Necessary by Bruno Lasker, Censuring the Censor (the Massachusetts scene) by Zechariah Chafee, Jr., and Publication by Handbill (a Worcester, Mass., case) by Sidney Grant and Samuel Angoff.
"Civil Liberties in Great Britain and Canada during War." Harvard Law Review, 55:1006-18, April 1942. C354
A comparison of censorship and internment policies of England and Canada during the early years of World War II. England liberalized its policies after the first few months of war; Canada maintained strict enforcement. In both countries, however, consent of central authorities was required before proceedings under the regulations could take place.
Claghorne, Kate H. "Alien and Sedition Bills Up-to-Date." Survey, 42:590-92, 19 July 1919. C355
An account of bills pending before the Congress.
Clancy, William P. "The Catholic As Censor." Commonweal, 68:142-44, 9 May 1958. C356
The author defends some censorship as necessary for "the common good." Such organizations as the Legion of Decency and the National Office for Decent Literature play a necessary role. Catholic censors should confine their efforts to obvious obscenity and not seek to control even indirectly the artistic and intellectual freedom of adults.
-------. "The Catholic as Philistine." Commonweal, 53:567-69, 16 March 1951. C357
An English professor at Notre Dame University criticizes the crusade of Catholics against The Miracle and other works they consider blasphemous. He calls upon Catholic educators to press for a more mature attitude toward freedom of expression.
-------. "Freedom of the Screen." Commonweal, 59:500-502, 19 February 1954. C358
The author agrees with U.S. Supreme Court decisions reversing the ban on The Miracle, La Ronde and M. He feels that there should not be prior film censorship by state or city authorities, and that the setting of moral standards should be the province of religious authorities. An answer to this article, written by Martin H. Work, appears in the issue for 12 March 1954.
Clapp, Verner W. "Book Selection in the Large Research Library." In Freedom of Communication; Proceedings of the First Conference on Intellectual Freedom . . . Chicago, American Library Association, 1954, pp. 38-43. C359 §
Clark, Allen C. "William Duane." In Records of the Columbia Historical Society. Washington, D.C., The Society, 1906, vol. 9, pp. 14-62. C360
Duane, who succeeded Bache as editor of the Aurora, was brought to trial under the Sedition Act, in 1800. The author observes that Duane's articles were written with "venom, vehemence, violence, vituperation, and vilification" in an age of public passions. A bibliography of Duane's writings is attached. The paper was read before the Society, 13 February 1905.
Clark, Barrett H. The Blush of Shame; a Few Considerations on Verbal Obscenity in the Theater. New York, Privately published, 1932. 16p. C361
Despite a greater freedom of expression in the theater than ever before, there is still a self-imposed code of producers to avoid certain words that have become common in printed literature. The line between decent and indecent language, however, is becoming thinner and thinner.
-------. Oedipus or Pollyanna, with a Note on Dramatic Censorship. Seattle, University of Washington Book Store, 1927. 37p. (University of Washington Cahpbooks, no. 4) C362
Clark, Charles D. L. "Obscenity, the Law and Lady Chatterley--I. and II." Criminal Law Review, 1961:156-63, March 1961; 1961:224-34, April 1961. C363
1. A. review of obscene libel in England from the first recorded case, R. v. Read (1708), to the test case under the 1959 Obscene Publications Act. II. A review of the case of R. v. Penguin Books, Ltd. and a discussion of the 1959 Obscene Publications Act under which the case was tried.
Clark, Christopher J. "Motion Picture Censorship--Artistic Merit of Film as Whole Not Sufficient to Redeem Obscene Parts." Villanova Law Review, 9:671-75, Summer 1964. C364
Regarding Trans-Lux Distrib. Corp. v. Regents, 14 N.Y. 2d 88, 248 N.Y. S. 2d 857 (1964).
Clark, Eleanor G. Ralegh and Marlowe; A Study in Elizabethan Fustian. New York, Fordham University Press, 1941. 488p. C365
Throughout this study in Elizabethan and Jacobean fustian, with particular reference to the Marlowe-Ralegh relationship, the author considers the work of the stage censor and the licensing system.
Clark, Grenville. "The Limits of Freedom of Expression." United States Law Review, 73:392-404, June 1939. C366
"My theme is an inquiry into the principles upon which expression may be justifiably suppressed or punished, without violation of the essential spirit of English-American liberty under which we live."
Clark, Mary E. Peter Porcupine in America. The Career of William Cobbett, 1792-1800 . . . [Gettysburg, Pa., Printed by Times and News Publishing Co.]. 1939. 193p. (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1937) C367
Chapter 5. The Quarrel with the Bradfords and Pamphlet Warfare. Chapter 8. Liberty of the Press--First Libel Suit, 1797. Chapter 10. Departure from Philadelphia and the Rush Trial, 1799 (libel of Dr. Benjamin Rush for which Cobbett was fined $5,000).
Clark, William L. "Lockhart's Last Journey." Rail Splitter, 3:4, December 1918. C368
An account of Lockhart's conviction on obscenity charges. According to the author it was because of Lockhart's opposition to Catholicism.
-------. Reminiscences of a Reformer's Life; or, Twenty-five Years on the Skirmish Line against Political Romanism. [Milan, Ill., The Author]. 1913. 229p. C369
Includes an account of mobbings for anti-Catholic lectures, also his arrest on an obscenity charge for sale of his book, Hell at Midnight in Springfield [Ill.].
-------. The Story of My Battle with the Scarlet Beast. [Milan, Ill., The Rail Splitter Press, 1932]. 441p. C370
The author describes his lifelong and often violent crusade against the Catholic Church and the alleged vices of its clergy. The latter part of the book is largely a reporting of the various efforts to suppress Clark's paper, The Rail Splitter, and other anti-Catholic literature, and his 1911 arrest and trial in Peoria, Ill., for an alleged obscene book--Hell at Midnight in Springfield--an exposé of vice and corruption in Springfield, Ill. Theodore A. Schroeder and the Free Speech League gave Clark legal aid. Clark also reports on the prosecution of B. O. Flower's anti-Catholic paper, The Menace. The fourth edition of Hell at Midnight (1914) gives an account of the Peoria trial.
Clarke, Austin. "Banned Books." New Statesman, 45:606+, 23 May 1953. C371
Comments on modern Irish censorship. Irish authors who write in English can have their works published in England or America; but the position of the new Gaelic literature is precarious. Its writers depend upon government or the Gaelic Book Club publication. There is little chance of publication for those who write with the candor of Liam O'Flaherty.
Clarke, G. E. "Propaganda." Library World, 42:62-63, October 1939. C372
Librarians have a responsibility for discarding unsound books of yesteryear. In the eyes of the public, the fact that they are on the shelves confers upon them an endorsement.
Clarke, George T. "Improper Books." Library Journal, 20:33-35, Denver Conference of Librarians, 1895. C373
Books selected "should either be capable of adding to the general store of knowledge, of exercising some beneficial influence upon the mind, or of providing wholesome amusement or recreation." This excludes many works being currently published. Comments of the librarian of the San Francisco Public Library in one of a series of papers on undesirable books in public libraries.
[Clarke, John et al.]. "The Trial of John Clarke, Robert Knell, and Joseph Carter, Printers of Mist's Weekly Journal, 1729." In Howell, State Trials, vol. 17, pp. 666-68. C374 §
For printing in the issue of 24 August 1729 a letter signed "Amos Dudge," reflecting unfavorably on the late King George II, Clarke and Knell were given six months at hard labor and twice pilloried; Carter and Richard Nutt, apprentices, were given one month at hard labor and required to walk about London with paper hats describing their offense. Nathaniel Mist, publisher, had previously (1721) been imprisoned at the order of the House of Commons for criticism of the government.
Clarkson, Lawrence. Truth Released from Prison to Its Former Libertie; or, A True Discovery Who Are the Troublers of Israel, the Disturbers of England's Peace . . . London, 1646. C375
Clarkson (or Claxton) was an Anabaptist who published an "impious and blasphemous" tract, The Single Eye, All Light No Darkness, or Light and Darkness One, for which he was condemned by the House of Commons and banished from the country. Action was taken upon a report from a House Committee for Suppressing Licentious and Impious Practices. An official broadside (27 September 1650) decreed that the book be seized and burnt by the common hangman and anyone possessing a copy deliver it to the nearest Justice of the Peace. Wing reports only a single known copy survives in the Thomason collection.
Clay, Cassius M. Appeal of Cassius M. Clay to Kentucky and the World. Boston, J. M. Macomber and E. L. Pratt, 1845. 35p. C376
Clay published unpopular antislavery sentiments in his Lexington, Ky., newspaper, The True American. A vigilante committee demanded that the paper cease publication. When Clay refused, the members, unopposed by city officials, boxed up the press and shipped it at Clay's direction, to Cincinnati. The pamphlet deals with the suppression of the paper.
-------. The Life of Cassius Marcellus Clay . . . Written and compiled by Himself . . . Cincinnati, J. F. Brennan, 1886. 600p. C377
Includes references to the suppression of his newspaper, The True American, because of its abolitionist stand.
Clayton, Bertram. "The Cinema and Its Censor." Fortnightly Review, 109 (n. s.):222-28, February 1921. C378
A criticism of the president of the British Board of Film Censors for his efforts to be "reasonable and conciliatory" toward the film interests. The film industry, the author charges, is turning more and more to "bookstall trash." The sole virtue of the silent drama is that it is silent and the accompanying music is the better part of the performance.
Clayton, Charles C. Fifty Years for Freedom: The Story of Sigma Delta Chi's Service to American Journalism, 1909-1959. Carbondale, Ill., Southern Illinois University Press, 1959. 244p. C379
This professional journalism society has been concerned with keeping open the channels of information and assuring the journalist's freedom to report the news. Its rituals, its awards, and the work of its Committee on the Advancement of Freedom of Information reflect interest in freedom of the press. A number of its annual conventions have featured themes relating to press freedom and the Society's historical sites program has included markers for Anthony Haswell, Elijah P. Lovejoy, and John Peter Zenger.
Clean Books League, New York. Criminal Obscenity Rampant: a Simple Remedy for a Loathsome Disease. New York, The League, [192--?]. 36p. C380
The pamphlet calls for amendment to the New York obscenity laws to make it impossible for the courts to follow the decision of People v. Brainard and Harper & Brothers (New York Appellate Division), which in 1920 killed the effectiveness of the 1909 New York obscenity law. The legislation was supported by Judge John Ford and the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice, and by such writers as Hendrik W. Van Loon, Edwin Markham, and Hamlin Garland.
"The Clean Books League; the Views of its Defenders and Critics." Publishers Weekly, 103:940-41, 17 March 1923. C381
Justice John Ford of the New York Supreme Court established the League to serve as a committee of readers to advise the public what books to avoid. The New York press was almost unanimously opposed to the League, but many religious and civic groups favored it. Chief City Magistrate McAdoo is quoted at length in pointing out the difficulties of attempting to introduce literary reforms by law and police methods.
"Clean Hands." Saturday Review of Literature, 6:227, 237, 12 October 1929. C382
An editorial attributes the excesses of censorship, in part, to the provocation of sensationalism and indecency exhibited in recent stage plays. Opponents of censorship "must come into court with clean hands."
"Clear and Present Danger Re-examined." Columbia Law Review, 51:98-108, January 1951. C383
A reconsideration of the dictum of Justice Holmes in applying a legal test for sedition.
Cleaton, Irene, and Allen Cleaton. Books & Battles; American Literature, 1920-1930. Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1937. 282p. C384
The revolt against Puritanism and Victorianism in literature that led to battles among the critics and in the courts. Chapter 3, Censorship: From Limbs to Legs, deals with activities of the vice societies. Other efforts at censorship are discussed briefly throughout the book.
Clemens, Samuel L. "License of the Press." In Mark Twain's Speeches. New York, Gabriel Wells, 1923, pp. 46-52. C385
"There are laws to protect the freedom of the press's speech, but none that are worth anything to protect the people from the press . . . I have a sort of general idea that there is too much liberty of the press in this country, and that through the absence of all wholesome restraint the newspaper has become in a large degree a national curse, and will probably damn the Republic yet." From a talk before the Monday Evening Club of Hartford in 1873. Mark Twain's caustic criticism reflects the corrupt state of the press in the period following the Civil War.
[Clement, William I.]. Report of the Action, Wright v. Clement, for Certain Libels Published in Cobbett's Political Register, Tried in the Court of King's Bench at Westminster, on Friday, the 10th of December, 1819, before Lord Chief Justice Abbott, and a Special Jury. London, Printed by T. C. Hansard for J. Wright, 1819. 55p. C386
John Wright, formerly associated with William Cobbett in the publishing of the Parliamentary Debates, sued Clement, a London bookseller, for the sale of issues of Cobbett's Weekly Register, which Wright charged contained two libels on him. Cobbett was then in America and could not be brought to trial so action was taken against the distributor of the paper. The verdict was for the defendant on the first libel; and, on the second, for the plaintiff, with a fine of £ 500.
Clements, Robert J. "Forbidden Books and Christian Reunion." Columbia University Forum, 6:26-31, Summer 1963. C387
The author, a student of the Renaissance, considers the Index Librorum Prohibitorum as an institution that has kept alive the divisive spirit of the Reformation. It is no longer relevant to an age concerned with uniting Christianity and, on the eve of its 400th birthday, should be the next book proscribed.
Clements, Traverse. "Censoring the Talkies." New Republic, 59:64-66, 5 June 1929. C388
The addition of sound to motion pictures has increased the worries of censors in 8 states and some 30 cities where there are movie censorship laws. The article reviews some of the recent actions of movie censors and decisions of the courts. The chairman of the Pennsylvania Board of Censors stated that the President of the United States has no right to deliver a speech in that state through the medium of talking movies without the Board's approval.
Cleveland, Arthur. "Defamation in the Local and Ecclesiastical Courts." Law Magazine and Review, 40:271-81, May 1915. C389
Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. Shall the Movies Be Censored? Cleveland, The Chamber, 1922. 22p. (Reprinted in Rutland, State Censorship of Motion Pictures, pp. 133-46) C390
A review by the Municipal Committee of the case for censorship, with recommendations for a federal (not state or local) board of review. A minority report from the Committee opposed all forms of film censorship.
Cleyre, Voltairine de. "Our Police Censorship." Mother Earth, 4:297-300, November 1909. C391 §
A speech at a protest-meeting over suppression of the anarchist writings of Emma Goldman.
Cliff, Norman. "Free Press in India." New Statesman, 45:512-14, 2 May 1953. C392
Commentary on the summoning of the Times of India editor before the Bombay Legislative Assembly for his criticism of Prohibition.
Clift, David H. "Enduring Rights." Wilson Library Bulletin, 28(10):851-54+, June 1954. (Reprinted in Downs, The First Freedom, pp. 331-36) C393 §
The executive director of the American Library Association, in an address at the opening of the New Haven (Conn.) State Teachers College Library, 21 February 1954, speaks of the increased efforts of private and public groups to challenge man's right to knowledge. "So many of our apprehensions are directed against an ideology. The expression of a dissident idea becomes then a thing feared, in itself, and there is a tendency to react against it as against a hostile deed . . . The solution is not by the suppression of dissident ideas but by the very widest exposure accompanied by thoughtful analysis. And for this to become wholly true, libraries have a clear and unalterable responsibility."
Clissold, Stephen. "Radio in the Crisis." Fortnightly, 139 (n.s.):338-44, March 1936. C394
A discussion of the control of radio by the British government to influence opinion on the Italian war in Ethiopia. The author believes that the duty of B.B.C. should be to give informative and impartial news and to counteract "the hysteria of the popular press."
Close Up. London, Poal, vol. 1-10, 1927-33. C395
This publication contains numerous articles on film censorship including The English Censorship by R. Herring, It Rests with Local Authorities by L. B. Duckworth, Acts under the Acts by R. Bond (April 1930); Films and the Law by I. M. Banner Mendus (September 1930); and The Cinema and the Censors by H. G. Weinberg (October 1930).
Clough, Frank C. "Operations of the Press Division of the Office of Censorship." Journalism Quarterly, 20:220-24, September 1943. C396
A report from the former managing editor of the Emporia Gazette, a member of the staff of the Office of Censorship.
[Clowes, Sir William Laird]. Bibliotheca Arcana seu Catalogus Librorum Penetralium, being Brief notices of books that have been secretly printed, prohibited by law, seized, anathematized, burnt or Bowdlerized. By Speculator Morum. London, George Redway, 1885. 141p., 25p. C397
The preface, which reviews the history of censorship of erotica, is attributed to the Rev. John B. McClellan, the compilation of the annotated bibliography has been sometimes attributed to Sir William Laird Clowes and to Henry S. Ashbee. It is believed that less than 100 copies were issued. There are 630 erotic works, with brief descriptions of their content and, in some instances, the occasion of their suppression. A 25-page preface discusses erotica and the efforts at bibliographic control, particularly by French bibliographers Gay, Peignot, and Delepierre.
Clulow, T. I. M. "Public Libraries and Propagandist Literature." Library Assistant, 28:163-67, July 1935. C398
"The librarian is obligated as a matter of professional ethics to provide free access to literature representing all shades of opinion, propagandist or not."
Clyde, William M. The Struggle for the Freedom of the Press from Caxton to Cromwell. London, Oxford University Press, 1934. 360p. (St. Andrews University Publications, no. 37) C399
A study of the freedom of the press in Great Britain from the first printing (1476) through the period of the Protectorate (1658). It includes the beginning of licensing, the action of the Star Chamber, the protests of Milton and others against licensing, the revolt of the licensers, the suppression of newsbooks, and the action of the Levellers in behalf of a free press. This work is followed, chronologically, by Hanson's Government and the Press, 1695-1763 and Rea's The English Press in Politics, 1760-1774. Siebert's Freedom of the Press in England, 1476-1776, covers the combined period as does Gillett's Burned Books. The latter emphasizes the works rather than the events. These four works are continued, chronologically, by Wickwar's Struggle for Freedom of the Press, 1819-1832, and Aspinall's Politics and Press, 1780-1850.
Coase, R. H. British Broadcasting; a Study in Monopoly. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1950. 206p. (Published for the London School of Economics and Political Science) C400
An historical study of the monopolistic organization of broadcasting in Great Britain--how the monopoly came into existence, its effect on the development of competitive services, and views held pro and con on the subject of the monopoly.
Coatman, John. "The B.B.C., Government and Politics." Public Opinion Quarterly, 15:287-98, Summer 1951. C401
"Mr. Coatman describes the development of broadcasting policy in Great Britain, particularly as regards controversial and political issues, and concludes that the role of the Government in the shaping of this policy has been and must be dominant."
Cobb, Frank I. "Press and Public Opinion." New Republic, 22:144-47, 31 December 1919. C402
An editorial writer on the New York World opposes censorship as a method of combating foreign ideologies.
-------. Public Opinion. Washington, D.C., Govt. Print. Off., 1920. 12p. (S. doc. 175, 66th Cong., 2d sess.; also in LaFollette's Magazine, January 1920) C403
In an address before the Women's City Club of New York on 11 December 1919, Cobb urges the repeal of wartime restrictions on the free play of public opinion. "I am not afraid of bolshevism in the open, where the American people can examine it and weight it and consider it . . . There is no surer way to give those doctrines a foothold than to proscribe them." Newspapers must fight the rising tide of Prussianism in the form of censorship and government propaganda.
[Cobbett, William]. The Democratic Judge: or the Equal Liberty of the Press, As Exhibited, Explained, and Exposed, In the Prosecution of William Cobbett, For a pretended Libel against The King of Spain and his Ambassador, before Thomas McKean, Chief Justice of the State of Pennsylvania. By Peter Porcupine. Philadelphia, 1798. 102p. (Appears also in vol. 7 of Porcupine's Works, 1801) C404 §
A savage attack on Chief Justice McKean, a powerful Democrat, whom Cobbett called a "wife-beater," "drunkard," "judicial murderer," etc. Commenting on Judge McKean's statement that the liberty of the press is "a phrase much used but little understood," Cobbett remarks: "Had the judge called the liberty of the press a thing much talked about, much boasted of, and very little enjoyed, I would most readily have subscribed to his assertion; for, of all the countries under the Sun, where unlicensed presses are tolerated, I am bold to declare and the contents of this pamphlet will establish the truth of my declaration, that none ever enjoyed less real liberty of the press than America has for some years past." Abridgment of the freedom of the press has come from "popular prejudice, by the influence of the party, the fear of mobish violence, or of government tyranny."
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