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Brewster, Kingman, Jr. "Allied Freedom: Press and Academic." In The Enduring American Press. Hartford, Conn., The Hartford Courant and Connecticut Mutual Life, 1964, pp. 4-6. B506
Talk given by the president of Yale University on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the Hartford Courant.
[Brewster, Thomas]. "Trial for Publishing a Book Called Speeches and Prayers of Some of the Late King's Judges, and other Seditious Works, 1663." In Howell, State Trials, vol. 6, p. 513. B507 §
Bridgeman, George F. L. The Pressman and the Law. London, Pitman, 1928 105p. B508
A practical handbook for newspapermen including sections on libel, contempt, copyright, and restrictions on publication.
Brier, Warren J. "Political Censorship in the Oregon Spectator." Pacific Historical Review, 31:235-40, August 1962. B509
The first English-language newspaper in the far western states, the Oregon Spectator of Oregon City, established in 1846, for a year managed to maintain a strict ban on political discussion, despite the strong political convictions of the pioneers.
Briffault, Robert, et al. "'Obscene' Literature." English Review, 62:504-6, April 1936. B510
Twelve prominent scientists and writers, including Robert Briffault, J. B. S. Haldane, and Julian Huxley, sign this letter to the editor protesting the recent suppression of a work of science as an "obscene libel." It was published by a reputable firm on advice of well-known doctors and scientists. The publisher had been fined as a common pornographer.
Briggs, Asa. The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom. London, Oxford, 1961, 1965. 2 vols. B511
Vol. I, The Birth of Broadcasting; vol. II, The Golden Age of Wireless; Vol. III (not yet published) will deal with broadcasting during World War I. References throughout the two volumes to problems of broadcasting control and censorship.
Brill, Henry. "Will We Gag Italian Films?" Nation, 175:132-33,16 August 1952. B512
Account of a campaign by the American Catholic Legion to impose an indirect censorship on Italian-made films. Two priests, sent to Italy, point out to a producer before the film is made that certain things are unacceptable to Americans.
Brindze, Ruth. Not to Be Broadcast; the Truth about the Radio. New York, Vanguard, 1937. 310p. B513
The author charges that America has surrendered freedom of the airwaves to private monopoly; that the party in power exerts political controls and interference; and that the Federal Radio Commission exerts a direct and positive censorship (Star Chamber proceedings) over broadcasting. She discusses the taboos and prohibitions imposed on controversial topics and criticizes propaganda of the "Ford-Cameron sermons." She recommends that limitations be placed on radio stations' authority to censor; that a portion of the new ultra-high frequencies be set aside for nonprofit public use, with possible financing from tax on commercial stations.
Bristol, Roger P. "It Takes Courage to Stock Taboos." Library Journal, 74:261-63, 15 February 1949. B514
A survey of public libraries in the Boston area to determine the handling of two controversial books-Kinsey's Sexual Behavior in the Human Male and Mailer's The Naked and the Dead-reveal a great divergence in practice. For the most part, the survey indicates, librarians have been exercising courage in making available controversial works.
"The British House of Commons and Obscene Publications." New Zealand Libraries, 17:241-44, November-December 1955. B515
The author describes recent treatment of obscenity in the British Parliament, in light of recent amendments to the New Zealand Indecent Publications Act.
"British Library Association Council Approved Statement on Censorship." Library Journal, 88:2658, July 1963. B516
Statement also appears in Liaison, May 1963, ALA Bulletin, July 1963' and in ALA Intellectual Freedom Newsletter, July 1963.
"The British Press: Its Growth, Liberty, and Power." North British Review, 30: 367-402, May 1859. B517
An essay based on a review of several volumes, including Andrews, History of British Journalism (1859); John Stuart Mill, On Liberty (1859); and Macaulay, History of England from the Accession of James the Second (1857). The reviewer is particularly critical of the pseudoliberalism of Mill. "Coming to the perusal of it [On Liberty] fresh from the grand thoughts of such advocates of freedom of opinion as Milton, Burke, Fox, Mackintosh, and Robert Hall . . . our ardour received a shock."
Britton, Beverly. "Censored Uncensored." Nieman Reports, 7(2):33-34, April 1953. B518
Account of the courtmartial and dismissal from service of Lt. Colonel Melvin B. Voorhees, former censor with the Eighth Army in Korea, charged with failure to submit the manuscript of his book, Korean Tales, for review, and for refusal to withdraw it from publication when ordered to do so.
Broadcasting. Washington, D.C., Broadcasting Publications, 1931-date. Weekly. B519
A trade magazine of the radio-television industry, often containing both news and editorial comment on activities of the industry and government agencies that relate to freedom of broadcasting.
"Broadcasting Bunk." Hygeia, 8:418-19, May 1930. B520
An editorial concerning the radio broadcasting by Brinkley promoting his goat-gland grafting, and a man named Baker who is advertising cancer cures, the latter over Station KTNT, Muscatine, Iowa. "If the Federal Radio Commission wants to merit public confidence it must find some way to curb this type of broadcasting."
Broadhurst, Thomas. "The Middle Ground." Authors' League Bulletin, 15(1):15-16, April 1927. B521
A defense of the proposal for drama censorship in New York by a Committee of Nine.
Brock, Henry I. Meddlers, Uplifting Moral Uplifters. New York, Ives Washburn, 1930. 307p. B522
Chapter V, The Volunteer Fireman, deals with the activities of vice societies and the censorship pressures of the Catholic church and other religious bodies.
Brockett, Paul. Scientific Publications from Germany. [National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1917?]. (Reprinted from the Proceedings, National Academy of Sciences, vol. 3, pp. 717-21, December 1917) B523
Relates to shipments of books from Germany detained by British authorities during World War I.
Broderick, Dorothy. "Freedom for Whom to Read What?" Iowa Library Quarterly, 19:115-19, January 1963. B524
-------. "I May, I Might, I Must." Library Journal, 88:507-10, 1 February 1963. B525
"Some philosophical observations on book selection policies and practices and the freedom to read. One of three papers relating to selection of controversial materials given at a staff meeting of librarians working with young adults at the Free Library of Philadelphia."
Broeker, Galen. "Jared Sparks, Robert Peel and the State Paper Office." American Quarterly, 13:140-52, Summer 1961. B526
Account of the assault on the rules of the State Paper Office by Jared Sparks in the 1820's when he was combing the archives of the United States, England, and France for information on the American Revolution. His success in gaining access to British state papers "established a noteworthy precedent to be cited by those who believed that the search for historical truth should not be hampered by the nationality of the historian or official attitudes toward his subject."
Broker, Warren W. A study of the Meaning of "Freedom of the Press" as Interpreted by the United States Supreme Court. Milwaukee, Marquette University, 1940. 143p. (Unpublished Master's thesis) B527
Bromberg, Benjamin. "Five Tests for Obscenity." Chicago Bar Record, 41:416-22, May 1960. B528
The assistant state's attorney of Cook County, Ill., devised five tests for obscenity which enabled him to win every obscenity case he prosecuted: the signature test (who wrote the book?), the channels of distribution test, the price test, the reputation test, and the advertising methods test. In addition, he added the ultimate test-pornographic intent.
Bromberg, Frederick G. Correspondence of Frederick G. Bromberg with Central Law Journal, St. Louis, Mo., on Freedom of Speech in Time of War and Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States 1919 and 1920, and Correspondence with Virginia Law Review. Mobile, Ala., 1920. 13p. B529
Bromley, Dorothy D. "Free Press v. Fair Trial." Harper's Magazine, 202:90-96, March 1951. B530
A staff writer on the Herald Tribune, discusses the conflict between the First Amendment, which guarantees freedom of the press, and the Fifth Amendment, which assures every citizen a fair trial. Many newspapers interfere with trials (e.g., the Hess case and the Hauptmann case) without giving the defendant the benefit of the doubt until he is proven guilty. The author suggests reforms in newspaper coverage of trials.
Bronson, Edward H. "Self-Regulation by Stations." Journal of Broadcasting, 1:119-28, Spring 1957. B531
The author was director of Television Code Affairs, National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters.
Brook, Peter. "A Flaming Issue." Censorship, 4:2, Autumn 1965. B532 §
A poetic essay beginning: "How can we understand the burning issue of censorship in a country [England] where censorship is mild." The essay concludes that censorship in England begins with auto-censorship, which reflects a way of life.
Brooks, Alexander D. Civil Rights and Liberties in the United States. An Annotated Bibliography . . . With a Selected List of Fiction and Audio-Visual Materials Collected by Dr. Albert A. Alexander and Virginia H. Ellison. New York, Civil Liberties Educational Foundation, 1962. 151p. B533
Includes a section on free expression in mass communications, pp. 37-42, and lists a number of films dealing with freedom of the press.
Brooks, George. "Freedom of the Press and Collective Bargaining." American Federationist, 44:282-93, March 1937. B534
"This is a summary of some of the instances during the past three years in which the newspaper publishers have raised the cry that the free press was in danger . . . the cry has been raised indiscriminately as a blind behind which the publishers have sought (and largely obtained) an immunity from ordinary governmental regulation."
Brooks, Sydney. "Lord Northcliffe and the War." North American Review, 202:185-96, August 1915. B535
Relates largely to the publication in Lord Northcliffe's Daily News of an attack on Lord Kitchener for allegedly supplying shrapnel instead of the needed shells, causing the deaths of thousands of British soldiers. The public reaction was largely against the newspaper because of the personal nature of the attack. The author considers the journalistic ethics in the case.
-------. "The Press in War Time." North American Review, 200:858-69, December 1914. B536
"Part of the art of war in a democratic State must be to keep the democracy intelligently interested." The author criticizes the "urbane fatuity" of the censors in the British Press Bureau for preventing sympathetic reporting of the war by the foreign press. Happily, he finds the situation improving.
-------. "The Press in War-time: the Muzzling of the War Correspondent Raises the Larger Question of the Relation of the Press to Modern Organized Society." Harper's Weekly, 56:21, 27 December 1912. B537
Broom, John L. "The Sins of Puritans." Assistant Librarian, 49:189-90, December 1956. B538
The author opposes existing British laws against obscene literature on the grounds that (1) a person should be allowed to read what he pleases, (2) there is lack of agreement on what is obscene, (3) censorship brings all people down to the lowest common denominator, and (4) censorship illogically claims that it is always the other person who needs to be protected from an offending publication.
Brophy, Brigid. "The British Museum and Solitary Vice." London Magazine, 2 (n.s.):55-58, March 1963. B539
According to the author, the practice of the British Museum in keeping certain books in locked cases is an act of censorship.
-------. "An Open Letter to the Director of Public Prosecutions." Books, 9(11):11-12, August 1964. B540
Advice from a novelist and critic who believes the public prosecutor's legal training does not qualify him for that portion of his job which requires him to decide what is obscene. "You are . . . being asked to administer not a law but a primitive superstition . . . Usually, incitement is a crime only if what people are incited to-breaching the peace, for instance-is a crime. From the obscenity of a book no crime follows, and not even the demonstrable corruption of a single person. The crime is the being 'obscene': being taboo."
Brougham and Vaux, Henry Peter Brougham, 1st Baron. Speech (at the Durham Assizes, August 6, 1822) . . . in the Case of the King v. Williams for a Libel on the Clergy; etc. London, 1822. 18p. B541
-------. Taxes on Knowledge. Stamps on Newspapers . . . London, Printed by J. R. and C. Childs, 1834. 8p. B542
Extracts of evidence presented by Baron Brougham and Vaux, Lord High Chancellor of England, before the Select Committee of the House of Commons, on libel law. He points out the evil to society from the stamp duty on newspapers, the impolicy of the government in continuing the tax, and its interference with the spread of useful knowledge.
Broun, Heywood. "After Its Fashion." Nation, 141:47-48, 10 July 1935. B543
"If labor wants to get a press which is fair to labor it will first have to organize its own newspapers. Our present press is free to do as it pleases, and it pleases to be always on the side which carries the heaviest butter."
[-------]. "American Censorship in France." Review of Reviews, 57:205-6 February 1918. B544
Excerpts from an article by Broun in the New York Tribune asserting that American wartime censorship is the strictest in the world and urging the appointment of a civilian censor, independent of military control, except for army news.
-------. "Censoring the Censor." Bookman, 53:193-96, May 1921. (Reprinted in Downs, The First Freedom, pp. 273-75; also in MacLean and Holmes, Men and Books, pp. 301-5) B545 §
An attack on John Summer and the New York vice society for its censorship of Jurgen. Broun advocates abolishing official censorship. The playgoing and reading public, he believes, will act as its own censor.
-------. "Heywood Broun Comes to the Rescue of Immoral Books." Current Opinion, 67:315-16, December 1919. B546
The New York Tribune literary critic comments on the suppression of Madeleine in New York at the instigation of the vice society, and the disapproval of Maugham's Moon and Sixpence by certain New York librarians. "The business of public libraries is not to promote morality, but to promote reading . . . Anybody who restricts his reading to moral books will miss much delightful literature." Broun cites an allegory of Lucifer and the Angels to illustrate his point.
-------. "It Seems to Heywood Broun." Nation, 125:144-45, 26 October 1927. (Reprinted in Downs, The First Freedom, pp. 404-6) B547
§
Broun comments on the sensitivity of the Irish in New York which prompts the commissioner of licenses to censor movies and stage plays that might offend that nationality.
-------. "Piece that Got Me Fired." In Collected Edition of Heywood Broun, New York, Harcourt, Brace, 1941, pp. 220-23. B548
Broun deplores the lack of a liberal press in New York. He contends that New York newspaper editors live in mortal terror of the power of the Catholic Church and that they generally lack the courage to stand up to racial, religious, and national groups. He dubs the Irish as the "cry-babies of the Western world. Even the mildest quip will set them off into resolutions and protests."
-------. "Where Does Censorship Start?" Colliers, 67:14-15+, 14 May 1921. B549
A discussion of the Pennsylvania State Board of Censors of Motion Pictures and its many deletions and prohibitions. "No matter what the law," writes Broun, "the real basis of censorship is the public itself."
-------, and Margaret Leach. Anthony Comstock, Roundsman of the Lord. New York, Boni, 1927. 285p. B550
A colorful biography of the controversial founder of the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice and sponsor of the federal and state obscenity laws that bear his name. Comstock was a deeply religious man whose 40-year crusade was directed against frank expression of sex in works of literature as well as against pornography.
Brown, Alec. "Good Censor." Dublin Magazine, 4(2):21-30, April 1929. B551
While disapproving of "bad censorship," i.e. the banning of books by the police, the author defends "good censorship" as needed to protect society. "The good censor . . . is first and foremost the constructive censor. His first qualification would be, not a knowledge of the intricacies of the law . . . but a knowledge as wide as humanly possible of the making of human society." The censor should be selected by responsible writers to represent their corporate conscience. Such self-censorship makes police censorship unnecessary.
Brown, Burdette B. Legalized Limitation of Press News. [New York, 1936]. 9p. B552
Brown, Charles T. "A Legal Discussion of the Obscenity Laws." Physical Culture, 15:395-97, April 1906. B553
References to the case of Moses Harman (portrait). Opposition to the application of the "into whose hands" rule in obscenity cases as class legislation. While permitting physicians to write on topics of sex in medical journals for the benefit of other physicians, they may not discuss sex matters in papers intended for the common man.
Brown, Mrs. Clifford. "Censorship in School Libraries; a Statement of Belief." Michigan Librarian, 21(3):30-34, October 1955. B554
"If a book has real literary merit, if it offers the student enough in story and in writing quality, most will not be affected, except momentarily, by a few questionable scenes." The school librarian must be clear-minded and honest in examining books and in estimating their value and effect in relation to students.
Brown, F. Clement. "The Catholic Question in Canada. I. A Struggle for Freedom." Arena, 17:742-47, April 1897. B555
Discusses action brought by the Catholic hierarchy to suppress L'Electeur, the leading liberal paper of Quebec.
Brown, George R. "Lynching of Public Opinion." North American Review, 209:795-802, June 1919. B556
A denunciation of the Wilson administration for the arrogant handling of war news, for the use of press agents, and for stifling public opinion. He contrasts the situation with the greater freedom under the Taft and Roosevelt administrations.
Brown, Henry B. "The Liberty of the Press." American Law Review, 34:321-41, May-June 1900. B557
A justice of the U.S. Supreme Court criticizes the cruelty with which the press, in ill-directed zeal, often assaults the character and invades the privacy of innocent persons, and indulges in excessive sensationalism. Libel trials are not often resorted to because of the expense and attendant evils. He rejects censorship as a solution and opposes the California law against anonymity. He calls upon newspapers themselves to practice restraint, upon the public to refuse to buy, and upon business to refuse to advertise in papers that are irresponsible.
Brown, Henry H. "The Old Scots Law of Blasphemy." Juridical Review, 30:56-68, 1918. B558
Blasphemy was a high crime (a capital offense at common law and by statute) under old Scots law. Lawyers were not troubled by the doubts attendant to English cases in such trials as that of Edward Moxon for his publication of Queen Mab. "They had no doubts that such prosecutions were not only expedient but necessary in public interest, and they had a clear view of what constituted the crime."
Brown, Ivor. "Parnell and the Lord Chamberlain." New Statesman and Nation, 11 (n.s.):666-67, 2 May 1936. B559
A protest of the veto by the Lord Chamberlain of Elsie T. Schauffer's play, Parnell. The author suggests that the Lord Chamberlain publish the rules of his office for the guide of playwrights.
Brown, James W. "Life and Times of John Peter Zenger." Editor and Publisher, 86:11+, 14 March 1953; 86:14+, 21 March 1953; 86:12+, 28 March 1953; 86:12+, 4 April 1953; and 86:12+, 11 April 1953. B560
On the occasion of the erection of a permanent memorial to John Peter Zenger and a Free Press in the Sub-Treasury Building in New York City, the president of the Zenger Memorial Fund, Inc., presents this article on Zenger, in five installments.
-------. "The Zenger Memorial Is Now a National Shrine." Quill, 41(6):8-9, June 1953. B561
"The federal government takes over the exhibit depicting the career of the printer who defied a royal governor to win America's first battle for a free press."
Brown, John. Thoughts on Civil Liberty, on Licentiousness, and Faction. Dublin, Printed for A. Leathley, J. Exshaw, W. Watson, and S. Watson, 1765. 192p. B562
Brown, John Mason. "Topsy-Turvy; Uncle Tom's Cabin Barred in Bridgeport and New Haven." Saturday Review, 28:24-25, 6 October 1945. B563
-------. "Wishful Banning." Saturday Review of Literature, 32(11):24-26, March 1949. (Reprinted in Downs, The First Freedom, pp. 155-58) B564 §
In his Seeing Things column, the literary critic comments favorably upon the point of view of John Haynes Holmes's article (26 February) criticizing censorship by racial and religious minorities. "We get nowhere by banning books just because they contain characters which do not flatter us. We get nowhere by pretending that there are not heroes and villains of all creeds and colors." Minorities should not be allowed to enjoy "literary immunity."
Brown, Karline. "The Public Be Banned!" ALA Bulletin, 38:443-48, November 1944. B565
After citing numerous historical examples of censorship of the press the author finds that "history bears articulate testimony against censorship and the sagacity of the censor."
Brown, Louise F. "On the Burning of Books." In Vassar Mediaeval Studies, ed. Christabel F. Fiske. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1923, pp. 249-71. B566
An account of the burning of books in mediaeval Europe to suppress heresy, taken largely from treatises written in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. "The first great book bonfire of the fifteenth century was that in the courtyard of the arch-episcopal palace of Prague, in 1410, where more than two hundred of the works of Wycliffe . . . were given to flames. Two years later the Synod of Pisa condemned Wycliffe's works, and they were burned at Oxford." By the end of the fifteenth century, with the spread of printing, church and state authorities recognized that bonfires as a means of destruction of books could not be made big enough, and so they turned to a new technique. The censor replaced the common hangman except for symbolic burning. The author concludes: "What contributions to thought has the world lost that it might have had from those men who, having cast the precious firstfruits of their labors upon the fire, turned sadly to safer pursuits, and from others who, watching the conflagration, refrained from putting on paper thought that might be destined only to kindle other bonfires."
Brown, Peter C. "Executive Papers-the President and the Congress." Congressional Record, 94:A-4896-98, 4 August 1948. B567
An analysis of the constitutional rights of the executive and legislative branches of the federal government, presented in an address before the New York State Bar Association, 1 July 1948.
Brown, R. Jardine. "Freedom of the Ether." BBC Quarterly, 1:58-61, July 1946. B568
Brown, Ray W. "Freedom of the Press: Injunctions: Obscene Literature." Cornell Law Quarterly, 42:256-61, Winter 1957. B569
In the case of Kingsley Books, Inc. v. Brown (1957), the New York Supreme Court found the booklets obscene and upheld the New York statute. The reviewer supports the decision, believing that, in a conflict of morality and free press where no social or literary merit is present, the former should be protected. There is no clear rule, however, for drawing the line. The booklets in question were entitled Nights of Horror. The statute was later upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court.
Brown, Robert (Bob). Gems; A Censored Anthology. [By] Bob Brown. Cagnes-sur-Mer, France, Roving Eye Press, 1931. 109p. B570
A devastating and witty attack on censors and censorship, consisting of an essay on pornography-those who produce it, those who sell it (book-leggers), and those who buy it secretly (but object to others reading it). The major portion of the work is intended to support the author's contentions that obscenity is in the mind of the reader and that censorship only serves to emphasize the banned. To illustrate this he quotes widely from famous works of poetry by Shakespeare, Wordsworth, Browning, Tennyson, Longfellow and others, blocking out certain innocuous key words, leaving the meaning to the imagination of the reader. Gershon Legman calls this book by the expatriate American, "the greatest spoof ever published at the expense of censorship."
Brown, Robert U. "ASNE Reports Progress on Free Press Pledges; Report of ASNE Committee on World Freedom of Information." Editor and Publisher, 78(25):5, 64, 66, 68, 16 June 1945. B571
The members of the Committee on World Freedom of Information of the American Society of Newspaper Editors were Wilbur Forrest of the New York Herald-Tribune, chairman; Ralph McGill of the Atlanta Constitution, and Dean Carl W. Ackerman of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.
-------. "Editors Exhorted to Fight 'Arrogant Suppression.'" Editor and Publisher, 84(18):17, 112, 114+, 28 April 1951. B572
A report on the work of the Freedom of Information Committee of the American Society of Newspaper Editors in "uncovering numerous instances of news suppression and restriction of access to public records all over the country."
Brown, Robert W. "Is Press Freedom Infringed by License Tax? One Judge Decides It Is." Nieman Reports, 6(2):18-19, April 1952. B573
The editor of the Columbus (Ga.) Ledger discusses the business license tax being levied on newspapers in a number of cities and the ruling of Superior Court Judge R. Bruce Findley in Riverside, Calif., that the Corona, Calif., ordinance was unconstitutional.
Brown, Rome G. "Some Points on the Law of the Press." Central Law Journal, 95:59-71, 28 July 1922. B574
Résumé of laws restricting newspapers during wartime, the use of the injunction against newspapers, the regulation of mailing privileges, the law of libel, and contempt of court. The author recommends additional laws to give courts greater power to restrict "trial by newspaper."
Brown, S. J. M. "Note on Censorship of Literature." In his Libraries and Literature from a Catholic Standpoint, Dublin, Browne & Nolan, 1937, pp. 293-304. B575
Arguments in favor of government censorship, especially with reference to sex literature.
Brown, Spencer. "Dilemma of Liberal Censorship." Education Digest, 30:4-6, September 1964. B576
The author writes of liberals who may be tempted to accept censorship rather than offend some ethnic, cultural, or religious minority. He cites pressures from Negroes to exclude Little Black Sambo from libraries; pressures from Jewish groups to censor Oliver Twist and The Merchant of Venice. Even the Bible as a work of literature is suspect for fear of charges of sectarianism.
Brown, Steven R. United States Information Agency. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1962. 11p. (Publication no. 70) B577 §
A history of this agency, created in 1953 to carry news of America to the people of other countries. Includes a brief account of the agency's predecessors, the Office of War Information, the Interim International Information Service, the Office of International Information, and the U.S. Information Service. References are made to the attacks on the overseas information program during the McCarthy era.
Brown, Stuart G. "Politics and Mr.Crosskey's Constitution, II. The Constitution in the Debates on the Alien and Sedition Acts." Syracuse Law Review, 7:27-37, Fall 1955. B578
The author challenges the interpretation of the political issues in the debate over the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 contained in William W. Crosskey's Politics and the Constitution in the History of the United States. The Federalists, Brown contends, turned to the Sedition Act as the most effective means of stifling Republican opposition. They preferred federal to state action to get around Republican governors.
[Brown, William Montgomery]. In the Matter of the Presentment of Bishop William Montgomery Brown. Appeal from the Court for the Trial of a Bishop. Transcript of the Records. Charles L. Dibble, Church Advocate, John H. Smart, of Counsel. Joseph W. Sharts, Counsel for Accused, Edward Bushnell, of Counsel. [Cleveland, Gates Publishing Co., 1924] 251p. B579
Bishop Brown was tried in the church court for the trial of a bishop, 27-31 May 1924, on charges of holding and teaching in his book, Communism and Christianism, doctrine contrary to that held by the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. In October 1925, a vote of 95 to 11 by the General Convocation of the Church, held in New Orleans, deposed him from the office of bishop. Another report of the trial, published in Galion, Ohio, by the bishop's friends, The Man of Galion before the Sanhedrin, contains A Critical Review of the Heresy Trial, by Theodore A. Schroeder. Edward Bushnell, one of the bishop's legal counsels prepared an account, The Narrow Bed; a Bird's Eye View of the Trial, published by Bradford-Brown Educational Co., Galion.
[-------]. My Heresy; The Autobiography of an Idea. New York, John Day, 1926. 273p. B580
Bishop Brown's own account of his conversion to the naturalism of Darwin and Marx and of his trial and removal from the position of bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church for publication of his views. Following the trial he continued to publish his doctrines in "Bad Bishop Brown's" Quarterly Lectures, issued by Bradford-Brown, Galion, Ohio.
Browne, Edward E. "Free Speech and Free Press." Congressional Record, 55 (Appendix):257-58, 31 May 1917. B581
The Congressman from Wisconsin spoke in the House against proposed wartime restrictions upon freedom of speech and the press. Existing laws, he maintained, were adequate to permit the President to use his powers to protect information on troops and military movements. "It is well settled that war does not suspend the provisions of the Constitution. In times of war freedom of the press is of more importance than in times of peace."
-------. "Free Speech Kin to Freedom of Worship." La Follette's Magazine, 12:27, February 1920. B582
Congressman Browne lauds free speech while justifying existing abridgments of it.
Browne, George L. Narratives of State Trials in the Nineteenth Century . . . 1801-1830. London, Sampson, Low, 1882. 2 vols. B583
Includes English trials of Jean G. Peltier, James Perry, William Cobbett, and Leigh Hunt.
Brownell, Herbert, Jr. "Fair Trial with a Free Press; the Public's Right to News and the Individual's Right to Justice." Vital Speeches, 21:793-96, 15 October 1954. B584
A speech by the Attorney General of the United States.
-------. "Freedom and Responsibility of the Press in a Free Country." Fordham Law Review, 24:178-86, Summer 1955. B585
A speech delivered before the Federal Bar Association.
-------. "Press Photographers and the Courtroom-Canon Thirty-Five and Freedom of the Press." Nebraska Law Review, 35:1-12, November 1955. B586
A speech delivered before the annual convention of the National Press Photographers Association.
Brownrigg, Sir Douglas E. R. Indiscretions of the Naval Censor. New York, Doran, 1920. 315p. B587
The autobiographical narrative of a retired admiral of the Royal Navy who was chief censor of radio-telegraphy during World War I.
Brubacher, John S. "Loyalty to Freedom: Scrutinizing School Textbooks." School and Society, 70:792-93, 10 December 1949. B588
In a University of Illinois commencement address a Yale professor criticizes censorship of textbooks, exaction of loyalty oaths, and infringement of academic freedom as contrary to the American tradition of freedom to which all citizens should be dedicated.
[Bruce, Archibald]. Reflections on Freedom of Writing; and the Impropriety of Attempting to Suppress It by Penal Laws. Occasioned by Late Proclamation against Seditious Publications, and the measures consequent upon it; Viewed Chiefly in the aspect they bear to Religious Liberty, and Ecclesiastical Reform. By a North British Protestant. Edinburgh, W. Berry, 1794. 168p. B589
A scholarly theologian of great piety and a lively imagination, Bruce urged tolerance in religion and politics. He considers the proclamation an error effected by faulty counsel of ministers. While not a member of the Friends to the Liberty of the Press, he praises the society and publishes an "Ode" to its members, written by Mr. Armstrong.
Brucker, Herbert. "A Crack in Canon 35." Saturday Review, 47(28):48-49, 10 July 1965. B590
Although the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that television had prejudiced the Texas trial of Billie Sol Estes, the decision was 5 to 4, with an opening for further consideration.
-------. "The Free Trial v. the Free Press." Texas Bar Journal, 20:438-44, August 1957. B591
The premise on which total prohibition of the taking of photographs in the courtroom rests (American Bar Association's Canon 35) is false. It is no longer necessarily true that taking photographs in a courtroom detracts from the dignity of the court. To say that the taking of photographs is an invasion of privacy is a rationalization inasmuch as witnesses, lawyers, and judge are already in the public glare. Brucker pleads for adequate newspaper coverage of trials. Publication of trial and pretrial information, he argues, does not necessarily prejudice justice.
-------. Freedom of Information. New York, Macmillan, 1949. 307p. B592
In order to survive and flourish, democracy requires an environment of free public information. Citizens must have reliable information about the world in which they live in order to make wise decisions. The author develops the thesis that newspapers, radio, and other mass media must serve as the fourth branch of government and must be protected and encouraged so that they can withstand pressures from within and without. The press should be free both from government and from business monopoly.
-------. "The Government Copyright Racket." Saturday Review, 45(32):36-37, 11 August 1962. B593
Criticism of the growing practice of government officials to copyright their reports for private revenue.
-------. "Let's Abolish Canon 35." Saturday Review, 45:63-64+, 8 December 1962. B594
An appeal to permit coverage of trials by news photographers and television, now prohibited by Canon 35 of the American Bar Association and widely supported by the judiciary. Brucker believes photography need not imperil a fair trial if the physical layout is properly controlled.
-------. Men in the Dark. Tucson, University of Arizona Press, 1960. 12p. (The John Peter Zenger Award for Freedom of the Press, no. 6) B595 §
The 1959 award went to Herbert Brucker, editor of the Hartford Courant, for his "tireless efforts as an advocate of freedom of information." In addition to his record as a newspaper man, Mr. Brucker is recognized for his work as chairman of the Freedom of Information Committee of the American Society of Newspaper Editors and for his classic work on the concept of Freedom of Information. The theme of Mr. Brucker's talk is that "men in the dark cannot be free."
-------. "Official Controls versus Self-Regulation of Communications Media." In Lectures in Communication Media, Legal and Policy Problems, Delivered at University of Michigan Law School, June 16-June 18, 1954. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Law School, 1954, pp. 99-108. B596
Editor Brucker discusses the history and alternatives of government control, advocating that "free, private ownership must do the job through self-regulation."
-------. "Storing up Trouble." Saturday Review, 34:22-23, 26 May 1951. B597
An editorial commenting on the conflicting Soviet and Anglo-Saxon concepts of freedom of the press and the difficulty in convincing the people of the world to accept the Anglo-Saxon doctrine.
Brunini, John G. "The Endangered Press." Commonweal, 24:609-11, 23 October 1936. B598
The greatest threat to a free press is in the action of publishers and editorial writers who deliberately embody their viewpoints and philosophy in news reports, who suppress news more vital than much that is included, and who play up certain news out of proportion to its value.
Brustein, Robert. "Artists and Bureaucrats." New Republic, 149:36-38, 2 November 1963. B599
A general complaint against government interference with the communications arts--vice squad action against the stage performance of Lenny Bruce, FCC "stall" in renewing the broadcast license of Pacifica Foundation, the closing of New York's Living Theater by the Internal Revenue Service, and the interruption of the author's favorite TV program for a documentary favorable to the Kennedy administration.
Bryan, Carter R. "Economic Intervention: Prelude to Press Control." Journalism Quarterly, 38:67-75, Winter 1961. B600 §
"Freedom of the press can be affected by economic limitations, both private and governmental, including interventions made to aid the press. In this survey of world press systems, the uses of economic interventions and controls by non-democratic regimes are particularly examined."
-------. "Security and the News in Liberal Countries." Journalism Quarterly, 38:485-96, Autumn 1961. B601
National security restrictions on news in Great Britain and Commonwealth countries, Europe, and the United States.
[Bryan, Frederick Van Pelt]. "Grove Press v. Postmaster of City of New York." Evergreen Review, 3(9):37-68, Summer 1959. (Also in McCormick, Version of Censorship, pp. 232-50) B602 §
Text of the decision of Justice Bryan rescinding the Post-Office ban on Lady Chatterley's Lover in the case of Grove Press v. R. K. Christenberry U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, 1959.
Bryant, Ashbrook P. "Responsibility for Broadcast Matter." Journal of Broadcasting, 5:3-16, Winter 1960-61. B603
The author was chief counsel for the FCC study of radio and television network broadcasting.
Bryant, E. T. "Book Selection and Censorship." Librarian, 44:65-76, April 1955. B604
The author recommends that if a complaint against a book is justified on moral grounds, yet the book has literary merit and sincerity, it should be withdrawn from open shelves but retained in reserve stock. The article reports on the response to questionnaires circulated to 80 British libraries on the handling of 12 controversial books.
Bryant, Louise. "A New Adventure in Arcadia." Mother Earth, 10:235-41, September 1915. B605 §
An account of the arrest, conviction, appeal, and discharge of Emma Goldman and Ben Reitman, at Portland, Oregon, for distributing birth control information.
Brychta, Ivan. "The Ohio Film Censorship Law." Ohio State Law Journal, 13:350-411, Summer 1952. B606
Notes on film censorship in Ohio and its interpretation by the state courts, 1913-52.
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