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Angoff, Charles. Handbook of Libel; a Practical Guide for Editors and Authors. New York, Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1946. 410p. (Rev. ed. New York, Barnes, 1966. 454p.) A203
Beginning with an essay on the principles of libel, there follows a compilation of libel laws of all states and 17 significant decisions of the high courts, with an analysis of each.
Annual Register; of Review of Public Events at Home and Abroad. London, 1761-date. Annual. (Various publishers; since 1890, Longmans) A204
Includes in its Chronicle of Events section reports of trials, legislation, investigations, and incidents relating to freedom of the press in the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth. Texts of state papers and excerpts of speeches relating to press freedom are sometimes included in the Public Documents section.
"Another Furor Over Books." Ohio State University Monthly, 55(4):8-12, December 1963. A205 §
A report on two controversies being waged over books in Columbus, Ohio: (I) An attack on "objectionable, blasphemous, filthy, communistic and anti-white" books being used in a Columbus high school was made by antiCommunist study groups in the city. A delegation asked the school board to ban such works as Catcher in the Rye, 1984, To Kill a Mockingbird, and Brave New World and to appoint a citizens committee to censor books used in the schools. The Superintendent of Schools and the School Board expressed confidence in the ability of their teachers and librarians to choose reading material for the school system. (2) The Columbus police vice squad "ruled" as obscene James Baldwin's Another Country, Tropic of Cancer, and Tropic of Capricorn, and told book dealers they would be arrested for selling these books. The article reprints protests of these censorship actions which appeared in the Ohio State University student daily, the Lantern.
Another Letter to Mr. Almon in Matter of Libel. London, John Almon, 1770. 184p. (Reprinted in A Collection of Scarce and Interesting Tracts, 1787-88, vol. 4, pp.5-113) A206
An anonymous author, professing to be a retired lawyer, discusses in this pamphlet various points of law in the Woodfall libel case and in the decision of Lord Mansfield. While he was pleased with the prosecution of those who circulated the Junius letters he considered the libel law a "great canker-worm of the state." Attributed to the author of the "Candor" letter.
"Another Menace to the Press." Nation, 104:205-6, 22 February 1917. A207
Editorial criticizing the censorship bill which the General Staff has produced and which it hopes to rush through Congress when war is declared.
"Another Repeal; Joyce's Ulysses Is Legal at Last." Nation, 137:693, 20 December 1933. A208
A report on the Woolsey-Hand decisions clearing the often-banned Ulysses.
Ansari, Khalid. Freedom of the Press in India. Stanford, Calif., Stanford University, 1962. 116p. (Unpublished Master's thesis) A209
Anthony, Louise. "Censorship in the School Library." ILA Record, 7: 94-96, April 1954. A210 §
The honest desire of parents to protect their children from evil ideas, the honest desire of civic, patriotic, and religious groups to promote their own ideologies, as well as the questionable motives of those who seek to corrupt the schools, present problems for school librarians who are attempting to provide materials that will contribute to the preparation for intelligent citizenship. The author refers to her experience with a campaign against the Magruder textbook on American Government.
Anthony, Rose, Sister. The Jeremy Collier Stage-Controversy (1698-1726). Milwaukee, Wis., Marquette University Press, 1935. 343p. (Reprinted in 1966 by Benjamin Bloom, Bronx, N.Y.) A211
"Anthony Comstock-An Heroic Suppressor or an Unconscious Protector of Vice?" Current Opinion, 56:288-89, April 1914. A212
A review of Turnbull's sympathetic biography of Comstock, together with quotations less favorable to the vice crusader.
"Anthony Comstock Overruled." Publishers Weekly, 45:942-43, 30 June 1894. A213
News of the decision of Judge O'Brien of the New York Supreme Court clearing Arabian Nights, Tom Jones, The Decameron, and other classics in the receivership case of Worthington & Co. Anthony Comstock and the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice had charged that the books were morally unfit for sale.
Antieau, Chester J. "The Federalism of Freedom." Kentucky Law Journal, 42: 404-22, 1953-54. A214
Should there be any power in the states to abridge freedom of communications that concerns matters either of national legislation or national significance? Have courts recognized the impropriety of state negation of expression on matters of national concern ? Is there a need for local interference with such communications ?
-------. "Judicial Delimitation of the First Amendment Freedoms." Marquette Law Review, 34:57-89, Fall 1950. A215
The author considers the tests and principles utilized by the American judiciary in defining the conditions under which the First Amendment freedoms may be abridged. He cites two objective tests-Blackstone's limitation of freedom to that guaranteeing absence of prior restraint, and the "commercial criterion," employed in the case of movie films, crime, and sex magazines, works primarily for commercial rather than educational benefit. Among the subjective tests are: exclusion of abusive and licentious use, denial of rights of expression to those who would deny freedom to others, the "bad tendency" test, and the insistence on social significance. Another criterion is the distinction between acts and speech or opinion, exemplified by the "clear and present danger" dictum of Justice Holmes. Finally, there is the recognition that other societal interests must be safeguarded and that freedom of expression of one must not interfere with freedom of another.
"Antiseptic of the Press." Spectator, 102: 451-52,20 March 1909. A216 §
An answer to Hilaire Belloc's criticism of the law of libel, appearing in the English Review for March 1909. "The law of libel is the antiseptic of journalism . . . [it] is an admirable censor, whose work is automatic and unremitting. It operates not only as the protector of the public, but as the guardian of the press itself."
Antrim, Stanley E. "Obscene Publications and the Constitution-Censorship v. Freedom of the Press." Washburn Law Journal, 4:114-27, Winter 1964. A217
Commentary on the case, a Quantity of Copies of Books v. Kansas, 84 S.Ct. 1723 (1964), and related cases. The Court quotes Irvin S. Cobb as saying: "If the depth of the dirt exceeds the breadth of the wit, then in my opinion the book is obscene."
Appleton's Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events . . . New York, Appleton, 1861--1902. Annual. A218
The "Freedom of the Press" section in the various annual volumes is a source of information on contemporary events. Of special interest are volumes 1 through 4, carrying information on suppression of newspapers during the Civil War.
"Application of Censorship and Military Regulations to Advertising Copy." Industrial Marketing, 27(3):13-16+, March 1942. A219
Policies of War and Navy Departments and Army Air Corps regarding reference in advertising to military activities, and procedure for securing permission to take photos.
Arber, Edward, ed. English Reprints. John Milton. Areopagitica . . . Preceded by Illustrative Documents. London, A. Murray, 1868. 80p. A220 §
Includes the Star-Chamber Decree concerning Printers (1637); Licensing Order of the House of Commons, 29 January 1642; Order of the House of Commons, 9 March 1643; Order of the Lords and Commons, 14 June 1643; and Milton's Areopagitica, reprinted verbatim from the first edition, 1644.
-------. An Introductory Sketch to the Martin Marprelate Controversy. 1588-1590 . . . London, The Editor, 1879. 200p. (English Scholar's Library no. 8) A221
The Marprelate tracts were anonymously published in 1588 and 1589 by a group of Puritans in defiance of Elizabethan printing regulations. The press was moved from place to place, but eventually was discovered and destroyed by government agents.
"Arbitrary Ruling; Ban against The Nation." Nation, 168: 627-28, 4 June 1949. A222
A report on the ban of The Nation from the New York City public schools.
Archer, Leonard B., Jr. "Intellectual Freedom Is the Issue." Wisconsin Library Bulletin, 60: 161-86, May-June 1964. A223 §
An editorial in the special issue on intellectual freedom, which includes the Library Bill of Rights, the School Library Bill of Rights, and the Wisconsin Library Association statement on Intellectual Freedom in Libraries. A selected list of books, pamphlets, and periodicals, compiled by the editor and intended to provide librarians with background information in defense (or offense) against censorship, appears on pp. 181-86.
-------. "It Is Later Than You Think: An Action Program Against Censorship." Library Journal, 88:3552-54, 1 October 1963. A224 §
The author calls for the creation of action committees of librarians to combat censorship, replacing the "weak and apathetic Intellectual Freedom Committees" that are largely discussion groups. He outlines the organizational structure and procedure for "an action program and a clobbering technique," to take rigorous action when a librarian or library is threatened.
Archer, Wil]iam. "Censorship of the Stage." In his about the Theatre; Essays and Studies. London, Unwin, 1886, pp.101-71 A225
-------. "English Censorship." New Review, 6:566-76, May 1892. A226
A case for the abolition or radical reform of the institution of stage censorship in Britain. In principle the present censorship conflicts with the spirit of British institutions by placing unlimited power over the property and reputations of fellow citizens in the hands of one man. In practice, it fails to protect the stage from ribald buffoonery, while at the same time is repressive to the development of dramatic art. Archer recommends the substitution of stage control by reasonable public opinion and, in the case of nonliterary presentations, through the power of the police to proceed against violation of public decency.
Archibald, Samuel J. Memo on Information Problems. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1961. 6p. (Publication no. 56) A227 §
The staff director of the Special Subcommittee on Government Information, House of Representatives Committee on Government Operations, outlines some of the public information problems in the federal government left over from the Eisenhower administration and new ones which have developed during the Kennedy administration.
-------. Secrecy from Peanuts to Pentagon. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1959. 3 p. (Publication no. 20) A228 §
Excerpts from a talk, giving examples of the withholding and suppression of public information by agencies of the federal government.
Arden, Caroline. An Analysis of the Reports by Leading News Media of tbe New York Society for the Suppression of Vice, 1916-1947, Regarding the Suppression of Ten Specific Books. Tallahassee, Florida State University, 1961. 117p. (Unpublished Master's thesis) A229
The ten suppressed novels: The Genius by Theodore Dreiser, Mademoiselle de Maupin by Theophile Gautier, Jurgen by James B. Cabell, Casanova's Homecoming by Arthur Schnitzler, Aphrodite by Pierre Louys, God's Little Acre by Erskine Caldwell, November by Gustave Flaubert, A World I Never Made by James T. Farrell, Memoirs of Hecate County by Edmund Wilson, and End as a Man by Calder Willingham. The appendix includes the text of the Act of Incorporation of the Society 1873), and the New York State Penal Code.
Ardrey, Robert. "Hollywood's Fall into Virtue." Reporter, 16:13-17, 21 February 1957. A230
Includes a discussion of the Motion Picture Production Code and its part in the trend toward conformity. The author recounts his personal experiences while making the movie Madame Borary.
"Are We to Have a Reptile Press?" North American Review, 209:9-12, January 1919. A231
Criticism of President Wilson for not meeting the press, but giving it instead the "creelings" from the Committee on Public Information. The article criticizes the Administration for taking control of the transoceanic cables when the war was practically over and for sending George Creel to Paris to "cover" or "censor" the news of the peace conference. The press policy of President Wilson, the article charges, is paternalistic and socialistic.
"Areopagitica; an Analysis and Criticism." Retrospective Review, 9 (pt. 1, art. 1): 3-19, 1 February 1824. A232 §
This anonymous review of Milton's great work on freedom of the press presents the essay in its historical setting.
Areopagitica: an Essay on the Liberty of the Press. Dedicated to the Rt. Hon. Charles James Fox, the Friend of Truth and Liberty. London, Printed for J. Deighton, 1791. 68p. A233
A criticism of the existing law of libel as laid down by Blackstone and reflected in English court decisions. "To say that the press is free when punishment of publication is certain is to place a trap for virtue, honor, and good conduct. The author is indeed in a much worse condition than he was in the times before mentioned, [i.e. under the licensing system] for he might then be secure by procuring a license.... The case of trial for a breach of the peace by the publication of truth, is surely a mockery of common sense and common justice." The work of this anonymous author, using the title of Milton's earlier tract, is dedicated to the author of the libel reform act that was made law by Parliament the following year.
Armitage, Gilbert. Banned in England; an Examination of the Law Relating to Obscene Publications. London, Wishart, 1932. 45p. (Here and Now Pamphlets, no. 7) A234
A well-documented criticism of the British law of obscene libel.
Armour, Richard. "How to Burn a Book." California Librarian, 15:97-98, December 1953. A235 §
The author of It Al1 Started with Columbus writes this witty article on book burning--"a charming old custom hallowed by antiquity. It has been practiced for centuries by fascists communists, atheists, school children, rivai authors, and tired librarians. Some scholars believe that the first instance of book burning occured in the Middle Ages, when a monk was trying to illuminate a manuscript."
Armstrong, O. K. "The Fight against the Smut Peddlers." Reader's Digest, 87:177-84, September 1965. A236 §
"The balance of power is shifting toward the decent-minded public, but the drive will fail unless a carefully mapped program is followed in every community." The author offers a three-point program: (1) Police and prosecutors must study obscenity laws and know the proper procedures to enforce them. (2) Try all obscenity cases in a criminal court, before a jury. (3) The public must strengthen and use every legal means to fight obscenity.
-------. "Must Our Movies Be Obscene?" Reader's Digest, 87:154-56, November 1965. A237 §
"Immorality, infidelity, prostitution, rape-such are the subjects currently highlighted on movie marquees across the nation. Here's what you can do to help fight an alarming trend."
-------. "Treason in the Textbooks." American Legion Magazine, 29: 8-9+, September 1940. A238
"The 'Frontier Thinkers' are trying to tell our youth that the American way of life has failed." A detailed attack on a number of textbooks, especially those by Harold O. Rugg, with objectionable books listed under the heading: Are These Books in Your Schools?
-------. "You Can Help Fight Obscenity." Christian Herald, 83:14, 50, July 1960. A239
An account of the organization of the Churchmen's Commission for Decent Publications, a Protestant counterpart of the Catholic National Office for Decent Literature.
Armstrong, Walter P. "Nothing But Good of the Dead?" American Bar Association Journal, 18: 229-32, April 1932. A240
The publication of critical biographies of Gladstone, George Sand, and Sam Huston, raise questions as to the rights and liabilities of biographers. The author refers to statutes of the various states involving the right of action for libel or slander of dead persons.
"Army Censorship." Time, 43:46+, 10 April 1944. A241
Military censorship during World War II.
"Army's Index." Literary Digest, 58:31, 21 September 1918. A242 §
Books forbidden to soldiers by the U.S. Army include works by J. W. Burgess, Frank Harris, F. C. Howe, and George S. Viereck.
[Arnall, William]. The Case of Opposition Stated, between the Craftsman and the People . . . London,J. Roberts, 1731. 64p. A243
To the supporters of Walpole it seemed that the Craftsman in its bitter attacks upon the government claimed "an unbounded license to abuse all persons, and all things; to blast the fair reputation of any man; and to asperse the best councils of any ministry, without being made accountable for any means, right or wrong, which they think fit to make use of, and without being obliged to answer for the truth or justice, or equity of their proceedings." The Craftsman had been established in 1726 in the hope of driving Walpole from office.
Arndt, Murray. "Censorship and Perspective." Catholic World, 186:93-99, November 1957. A244
Although the author defends the censorship policy of the Catholic Church, he believes that the negative actions have been overstressed and that more attention should be given to the education of Catholic youth and development of the Catholic press.
Arnebergh, Roger. "Pornography and 'Community Standards.'" Dicta, 37: 231-36, July-August 1960. A245
The salacious expression, unlike the noxious ideology which could enrich the soil from which new ideas germinate, has no social value. It should be treated like any goods, wares, and merchandise deemed repugnant to the public welfare.
Arnold, A. J. "Film Censor Should Be Pitied, Not Blamed." Saturday Night, 61: 12-13, 13 April 1946. A246
A description of the dual control system of movie censorship in Canada--self-censorship by the industry and pre-exhibition government censorship by provincial boards. Manitoba and Alberta boards use the film grading system. Reference is made to a Quebec court decision upholding provincial film censorship. A further court test is needed to determine the constitutionality of censorship.
[Arnold, Thurman]. "Decision in the Post-Office v. Esquire Case." Saturday Review of Literature, 28 (24): 16-18, 16 June 1945. A247
The decision against the Postmaster General in his attempt to bar the magazine Esquire from the second-class mails is termed by the writer "the most important American legal opinion involving freedom from censorship and suppression since the famous 'Ulysses' decision."
Arnoult, L. A. "Problems of Prohibited Books: an Exploratory Discussion." Catholic Theological Studies of America, Proceedings, 15 : 137-43, 1960. A248
Deals with the Index of Forbidden Books of the Catholic Church.
Aronowitz, Alfred G. "The Play that Rocked Europe." Saturday Evening Post, 237 (8): 38-39, 42-43, 29 February 1964. A249 §
The Deputy, a Broadway play by Rolf Hochhuth, touched off a storm of criticism and demands for censorship because it accused the late Pope Pius XII of guilt by silence in the Nazi murder of 6,000,000 Jews.
[Aronson, A. Matthew]. "Constitutional Law-Obscenity-Scienter." Brooklyn Law Review, 26:289-92, April 1960. A250
This article relates to the case of Smitk v. California, 361 U.S. 147 (1959) in which the U.S. Supreme Court reversed the ruling of a lower court against a bookseller for unlawful possession of obscene books. The Court held that a statute that imposes absolute criminal liability upon a bookseller for mere possession of obscene literature violates the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
"Art for Dirt's Sake." John Bull, 46:8, 20 July 1929. A251
An attack on D. H. Lawrence whose paintings had recently been seized by London police. The article is in the form of a burlesque trial in which Judge John Bull rules that "any further filth from Florence shall be immediately consigned to the nearest public incinerator."
Arthur, William R., and Ralph L. Crosman. The Law of Newspapers. 2d ed. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1940. 615p. A252
A standard American text. The appendix contains text of state and federal laws relating to freedom of the press.
Asbury, Herbert. "The Day Mencken Broke the Law." American Mercury, 73: 62-69, October 1951. A253 §
On 5 April 1926, H. L. Mencken sold a copy of his American Mercury to the Rev. J. Frank Chase of the New England Watch and Ward Society and was promptly arrested by the Boston police. This account of the 25-year-old event is told by the author of the offending "Hatrack" article
Asgill, John. Argument to Prove that Death is Not Obligatory on Christian; by the Celebrated John Asgill esq., M.P., with Introductory Essay, Memoirs, Notes and Ministerial Testimony by the Kev. Tresham D. Gregg. New York, Ennis Brothers, 1875-135p. A254
This is a reprint of the work for which the author was expelled from the English and Irish Parliaments. Also reprinted are resolutions of the English and Irish Parliaments ordering the burning of the book, and other documents relating to the trial.
[-------]. An Essay for the Press. London, Printed for A. Baldwin, 1712.8p. A255
A libertarian politician and mystic, Asgill argues for freedom of the press as a "natural right of mankind." He objects to licensing and taxation as means of restraining the press and proposes that anonymity be outlawed, although his own essay was published anonymously.
-------. Mr. Asgill's Defence upon His Expulsion from the House of Commom of Great Britain in 1707. With an Introduction, and a Postlcript . . . London, A. Baldwin, 1712. 87p. (A summary of the trial appears in Schroeder, Constitutional Free Speech . . ., pp. 318-22) A256
In 1703 Asgill was expelled from the Irish Parliament and in 1707 from the Parliament of Great Britain for publishing a heretical book arguing that man may be translated into eternal life without passing through death. The book was ordered burned by the common hangman and Asgill was given the nickname of "Translated."
[Ashbee, Henry S.]. Bibliography of Prohibited Books . . . By Pisanus Fraxi. New Hyde Park, Jack Brussel, University Books, 1952.3 vols. A257
A reprint of the three volumes on erotica first issued in 1877, 1879, and 1885, under the pseudonym of Pisanus Fraxi: Index Librorum Prohibitorum, Centuria Librorum Absconditorum, and Catena Librorum Tacendorum (A258-60). Introduction by G. Legman.
[-------]. Catena Librorum Tacendorum: Being Notes Bio-Biblio-Icono-graphical and Critical on Curious and Uncommon Books. By Pisanus Fraxi, pseudonym for Henry Spencer Ashbee. London, Privately printed, 1885. 593p. (Vol. 3 of series) A258
This volume and the following two represent a single scholarly bibliography of erotica. They are included here because of the introductory essays on obscenity in each volume and for the detailed accounts of certain works that have had a history of suppression or have become causes celebre, e.g., John Wilkes's Essay on Woman, The Confessional Unmasked (Hicklin case), John Cleland's Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure, and The Awful Disclosures of Maria Monk. While not approving of the works he describes, the author, writing in the 1880's sees obscenity as less harmful than crime stories. "I am of opinion that more youths have become criminals through reading of deeds real or fictitious, of murders, pirates, highwaymen, forgers, burglars, etc., than have ever developed into libertines from the perusal of obscene novels."
[-------]. Centuria Librorum Absconditorum: Being l\lotes Bio-Biblio-Icono-graphical and Critical on Curious and Uncommon Books. By Pisanus Fraxi, pseudonym for Henry Spencer Ashbee. London, Privately printed, 1879. 593 p. (Vol. 2. of series) A260
Asheim, Lester E. "Layman vs. Librarian." Library Journal, 80: 253-58, 1 February 1955. A261
"A case history in mutual education develops as a layman and a librarian view controversial material in a library." The Dean of the Graduate Library School, University of Chicago, and a lawyer who read Dean Asheim's article Not Censorship But Selection, engage in an exchange of ideas relating specifically to the library's handling of books about communism. The layman, while recognizing the importance of allowing freedom for diverse opinion, believed that "librarians owe a duty . . . not to allow their libraries to become an outlet for the spread of false propaganda designed to weaken and destroy our 'way of life' nor to become an outlet for the spread of the false, the malicious, the sub-standard on any subject."
-------. "Library Book Selection in a Democracy." Michigan Librarian, 19: 7-12, December 1953. A262
Beginning with references to censorship in overseas information libraries, the author defines the proper function of a library, and discusses the difference between censorship and selection.
-------. "Not Censorship But Selection." In Freedom of Book Selection; Proceedings of the Second Conference on Intellectual Freedom. Chicago, American Library Association, 1954, pp. 90-99. (Reprinted in Wilson Library Bulletin, 28: 63-68, September 1953; Daniels, The Censorship of Books, pp. 186-90; and Marshall, Books, Libraries, Librarians, pp. 347-56) A263
"The major characteristic which makes for the all-important difference seems to me to be this: that the selector's approach is positive while that of the censor is negative . . . Selection, then, begins with a presumption in favor of liberty of thought; censorship, with a presumption in favor of thought control."
-------. "Problems of Censorship in Book Selection." Bay State Librarian, 52:5-9, 13 January 1962. (Reprinted in Wilson Library Bulletin, 59 (I A): 80-82, January 1963) A264 §
A paper presented at the Institute on Adult Book Selection in Public Libraries, Simmons College, 14 September 1961, by the dean of the Graduate Library School, University of Chicago.
Ashhurst, Henry F. "Freedom of the Press." Congressional Record, 55:2004-11, 9 May 1917. (Reprinted in Congressional Record, 79: 7789-92, 20 May 1935) A265
Speech opposing censorship, delivered in the U.S. Senate during World War I.
Ashley, Paul P. Essentials of Libel. A Handbook for Journalists. Seattle, University of Washington Press, 1948. 71p. A266
"This handbook offers the long-needed compressed, yet complete and practical presentation of the law of libel."
-------. Say It safely; Legal Limits in Publishing, Radio, and Telelvision. Seattle, University of Washington Press, 1966. 169p. A267
Relates to libel, slander, contempt of court, and the right of privacy.
Aspinall, Arthur. "The Circulation of Newspapers in the Early Nineteenth Century." Review of English Studies, 22: 29-43, January 1946. A268
An account of the wide readership of the radical newspapers of the period by the working class, despite the stamp tax, because of their availability in the coffee-houses and public-houses. At one time the temperance party urged repeal of the stamp tax to keep the workingmen out of the pubs.
-------. Politics and the Press, c. 1780-1850. London, Home and Van Thal, 1949.511p. A269
Based on archival and manuscript sources this work shows how the British newspaper press managed to emancipate itself from the control of the politicians during the first half of the nineteenth century. Chapter 2, Freedom of the Press, deals with publishers and booksellers who risked arrest and punishment by challenging the strict interpretation of the libel laws.
Aspland, Lindsey M. Law of Blasphemy: Being a Candid Examination of the Views of Mr. Justice Stephen . . . with an Appendix Containing an Essay on Religious Offenses Indicated at Common Law, by the Late Edgar Taylor and the Speech of Lord Mans-field in the House of Lords in 1767 in the Case of the Sheriffs of London. London, Stevens and Haynes, 1884.48p. A270
Associated Press. The Dangers of Libel: A Summary for Newsmen by the Associated Press. New York, The AP, 1964.24p. A271
"This booklet on libel is 'must' reading for every Associated Press staff member. It is based upon practical and legal experience and has been approved by Associated Press counsel." Includes advice on libel and the right of privacy, and procedures for handling "kills" and "correctives."
-------. Member Editorials on the Monopoly Complaint Filed by Government Against the Associated Press on August 28, 1942. New York, The AP, 1942.2 vols. A272
A collection of editorials supporting the Associated Press in its refusal to sell its services to the Chicago Sun. The federal government brought an antitrust suit against the AP in the U.S. District Court to force the news service to accommodate any paper willing to pay the cost. The government's case was upheld.
"The Associated Press." Outlook, 107: 631--32,18 June 1914. A273
The editor believes that while the Associated Press performs a public service of great moment it also possesses powers for evil as well as good. The need is becoming more acute for "regulating these powers in the interest of public welfare."
Association of National Advertisers. Self Regulation in Advertising. New York, The Association, 1960.68p. A274
Report of a special meeting of the Association held 2 February 1960 to review procedures and plans for self-regulation of advertising. Includes talks by Paul B. West, Donald S. Frost, and Gilbert H. Weil from the advertising industry, and Earl W. Kintner, chairman of the FTC. In discussions of what the various media are doing to regulate advertising, Robert Kintner (NBC), James T. Aubrey, Jr. (CBS), and Donald H. McGannon (National Association of Broadcasters) represent the broadcasting industry; Gibson McCabe (Magazine Advertising Bureau) represents the magazine industry; John D. Thees (Newspaper Advertising Executives) represents newspaper advertising; and Robert M. Ganger(American Association of Advertising Agencies) represents the agencies.
Association of the Bar of the City of New York. "Report on Book Burning." Record of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, 10:143-47, March 1955. A275
This report of the Committee on the Bill of Rights deals with the attempt of private groups to censor community reading. It recommends that the Association condemn "the attempts of any individuals or group, private or public, to interfere in any manner with the publication, circulation, or reading of any published matter, other than by means of regular applicable statutory procedures and standards."
-------. "Selected Materials on Political Broadcasting." Record of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, 18:47-51, January 1963. A276
Bibliography includes references on Section 315 (equal time for political broadcasting) and liability of broadcasters for defamatory statements made by candidates.
"The Assumers." Times Literary Supplement, 3224:1031, 12 December 1963. A277
Editorial on certain "predetermined attitudes, based on unquestioned assumptions" which Englishmen fall into when talking about obscenity. In the debate in the House of Commons the previous week on the importation of obscene publications from abroad and the seizure of 1,360,000 copies, assumptions were that reading matter of this sort is harmful and that there is a level of literature where the authorities can reasonably be allowed a free hand. These and similar assumptions need to be questioned.
Atkin, Kenward L. "Federal Regulation of Broadcast Advertising." Journal of Broadcasting, 3:326-40, Fall 1959. A278
Atkinson, Sir Edward H. T. Obscene Literature in Law and Practice. London, Christophers, 1937.32p. A279
A lecture on the English law of obscene libel delivered at King's College, London, by the director of public prosecutions.
Atkinson, Wilmer. A Bogy Unveiled; Argument against the Adoption by Congress of H. R. Bill 6071, Knwon as the Loud Bill. [Philadelphia, The Author], n.d. 48p. A280
Atkinson, the founder and long-time publisher of the Farm Journal, was active in many crusades of his day including woman suffrage, quack medicines, and rural free delivery. His concern with freedom of the press was limited to freedom from post-office control over his business methods as publisher.
-------. Earnest Appeal to Members of the 61st Congress (Codifying, Revising and Amending the Postal Laws) to Safeguard the Liberty of the Press, and to Let the Papers Circulate without Gorernment Supervision, Espionage or Interference. Philadelphia, The Author, 1910.8p. A281
Editor Atkinson opposes a bill to increase the discretionary power of the Postmaster General over the periodical press.
-------. An Inquiry into the True Meaning and Intent of the Postal Laws Relating to the Public Press. Philadelphia, The Author, 1908.16p. A282
"A denial of the second-class rate throws the publication into the third class, which signifies that it must cease to be published. The Post Office Department claims the right to determine to which class the publication belongs; it claims the right, therefore, to kill any publication."
-------. The old Battle Renewed for Freedom of the Press. Philadelphia, The Author, 1907-55p. A283
Atkinson protests against the Post Office for its arbitrary exclusion of periodicals from second-class mailing privileges. His concern seems to be chiefly from the viewpoint of freedom for the use of the printing press as a tool of trade and, in fact, he endorses restrictions on the press as a vehicle of thought.
"Attack on Books in Libraries." Wilson Library Bulletin, 27:807-12, June 1953. A284
Notes and excerpts from a preliminary session of the Library Public Relations Council dealing with intellectual freedom. Moderator Edward L. Bernays opened the meeting by suggesting a three-point program of action for librarians: community survey, community action, and community publicity. John Mackenzie Cory of the New York Public Library stressed the futility and dangers of censorship, and presented an outline of types of censorship, special problems, and deterrents to censorship (produced in the summary). Helen A. Ridgway, former ALA public libraries specialist, described her experience with the censor. Roger H. McDonough, director of the New Jersey State Library was the final member of the panel.
Auerbach, Joseph S. "Authorship and Liberty." North American Review, 207: 902-17, July 1918. (Also in Auerbach, Essays and Miscellanies, New York, Harper, 1922, vol. 2, pp.130-65) A285
Argument for the defense before the Appellate Division of the New York Supreme Court in the case of The Geni1ls by Theodore Dreiser. The book was suppressed at the instigation of the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice. In 1923 The Genius was published in New York in defiance of the ban.
Aurthur, Robert A. "TV: The 21" Bore." Nation, 201:227-31, September 1965. A286
Television programming will not improve until the monopolistic control of the networks is broken.
Australia. Broadcasting Control Board. Television Programme Standards. Determined by the Board in Pursuance of the Broadcasting and Television Act, 1942-1956. Canberra, A. J. Arthur, Govt. Print. Off., 1956.29p. A287
Australia. Department of Customs and Excise. Decisions Relating to Publications Submitted to Central Office for Review in Terms of the Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulations. Canberra, Govt. Print. Off., 1962. (Various lists, issued irregularly) A288
[Australia. Ministry for Trade and Culture]. "Movie Censorship in Australia." Light, 172:38-44, September-October 1926. A289
A summary of the report of the Australian censor for 1925.
Australia. Royal Commission on Moving Picture Industry. Report of the Royal Commission on the Moving Picture Industry in Australia. Canberra, H. J. Green, Govt. Printer, [1928].31p. A290
The Board, under the chairmanship of Walter M. Marks, recommends the establishment of a permanent Board of Film Censors. The report was summarized in The Light, January-February 1929.
Australia. Royal Commission on Television." Control of Political Broadcasting in English Speaking Countries." Journal of Broadcasting, 2: 123-36, Spring 1958. A291
Excerpted from the Report of the Royal Commission. Relates to broadcasting of political and controversial issues in Great Britain, Canada, Australia, and briefly, the United States.
-------. Report . . . Canberra, A. J. Arthur, Govt. Print. Off., 1954. 131p. A292
"Australia and the Labour Monthly." Labour Monthly (London), 10:215-16, April 1928. A293
Relates to the barring of the Labour Monthly from Australia and India by actions of the Commonwealth Minister of Customs under the Customs Act. Thirty-six books and eight periodicals are reported to have been banned under this Act.
"[Australia] Civil Censorship." In Australian Encyclopaedia. East Lansing, Mich., Michigan State University Press, 1958, vol. 2, pp. 316-19. A294
"Australia: The Censorship of Books." Round Tab1e, 25:614-17, June 1935. A295
Authors League of America. Freedom to Write. A Declaration by the Authors League of America presented at the National Assembly of Authors and Dramatists at New rork on May 8, 1957. New York, The League, 1957. 4p. (Also in Downs, The First Freedom, pp.252-53) A296 §
While recognizing that public welfare requires certain safeguards against unrestrained obscenity, direct incitement to crime, and defamation of character, there has been a dangerous drift in the United States toward censorship, a drift coming mainly from a few religious and patriotic organizations. Self-appointed censors take it upon themselves to deny the public access to certain writings. The League holds that any indlvidual or group has the right to disapprove of a writing or a writer and to state publicly that disapproval, but it denies the right of any individual or group to set limits on the freedom to write, publish, and distribute writings. This must be left to legislatures and courts, subject to the basic guarantees of the Constitution. The League calls on the press, the universities, the clergy and "all thinking patriots" to join in the battle against authoritarian censorship.
Axford, H. William. "The Crucial Battle for the Minds of Men." Library Journal, 90:2499--2503, 1 June 1965. A297 §
The article reviews the basic book selection policy of U.S.Information Agency libraries abroad and its change during the McCarthy era from "one reflecting fundamental American belief in intellectual freedom to one of rigid censorship, reflecting the widespread paranoia affecting American society in the early 1950s. While the McCarthy episode has passed there is still a lingering danger. Axford questions the present book selection policy of USIA, including reliance on the book review service of a commercial agency.
Axon, William E. A. "Milton and the Liberty of the Press." In Milton Memorial Lectures, 1908. London, Royal Society of Literature of the United Kingdom, 1909, pp.39-58. A298
-------. Plea for Free Speech: an Address at the Inaugural Meeting of the Manchester Eclectic Society, June 11th, 1872. London, Trübner, [1872]. 16p. A299
Ayres, Donald L. "Censorship of Literature as a Curriculum Problem." Journal of Secondary Education, 37:61-63, January 1962. A300
"The most effective steps to protect the school's objectives are to satisfy the parent, in this case its supporters. This does not mean to censor and withdraw every work of fiction by a questioned author from the library shelves as all too often has been the case. Rather, it means convincing the parents the school merits their confidence in educating their children along socially accepted lines." Confidence can be gained by: (1) an effective system of school-parent communications and (2) establishment of textbook committees of professionally qualified teachers.
-------. "What Can the Teacher Do?" NEA Journal, 52:24, May 1963. A301
"If books are selected which are suitable to the curriculum and to the students concerned the possibility of encountering censorship is minimized." (Part of an 11-page feature on textbook censorship.)
Azikiwe, Nnamdi. Suppression of the Press in British West Africa. Onitska, Nigeria, African Book Co, [1946?]. 15p. A302
Azkoul, Karim and Carroll Binder. "How Free Shall the Press Be?" UN World, 5(8):22-24, August 1951. A303
The case of restriction of press freedom by government to prevent abuse is presented by Dr. Azkoul, Lebanon representative on the UN Subcommittee on Freedom of Information. This view is defended on the ground that such control is necessary in those nations where the media are insufficiently developed. The representative of the United States, Mr. Binder espouses the principle of absolute freedom of the press on the ground that any attempt to give government the authority to suppress possible abuses would automatically subiect the media to unlimited control.
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