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"Race Defamation and the First Amendment." Fordham Law Review, 34:653-75, May 1966. R1
Minority groups will not be protected if the race- baiter is driven underground. The airing of obnoxious attacks aids rather than harms the group by rallying the majority on the side of those attacked. Legislators should recognize this and refrain from class libel legislation.
Radin, Max. "Freedom of Speech and Contempt of Court." Illinois Law Review, 36:599-620, 1942. R2
"It is respectfully suggested to Superior Courts everywhere, that contumely, no matter how offensive, which falls short of an organized conspiracy to impede justice, may be treated not as contempt of court but with contempt by the court."
Rajan, K. R. S. "India's Free Press in Peril." New Statesman, 72:818-20, 2 December 1966. R3
Raney, William. "San Francisco." Censorship, 2(3):15-18, Summer 1966. R4
Despite recent censorship activities against books, films, and nightclubs, San Francisco remains the most liberal major city in America.
Raywid, Mary Anne. "Operation Textbook." In The Ax- Grinders: Critics of Our Public Schools. New York, Macmillan, 1962, pp. 123-54. R5
An account of pressures brought to bear by patriotic or idealogical groups to suppress or influence selection of public school textbooks.
Reed, David. Canon 35: Flemington Revisited. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1967. 5 p. (Report no. 177) R6
"Much of the impetus for the 1937 passage of the American Bar Association's Canon 35, which bars photographers and electronic media from the courtroom, was provided by accusations against the press in its coverage of the 1935 kidnapping trial of Bruno Richard Hauptmann." The author revisits the scene in an attempt to determine whether conduct of photographers at the trial deserved such a rebuke.
-------. Pre- Trial Publicity in England. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1966. 4p. (Publication no. 167) R7
This report considers the limits placed upon the English press in reporting pretrial information and compares the English system with the American system.
-------. Toils of the College Press. Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1967. 6p. (Report no. 180) R8
A survey of the difficulties with censorship faced by the college press across the nation. The author concludes that, although "student newspapers and magazines make little progress toward any sort of permanent guarantees of absolute freedom from control, [their status fluctuates with administrations, the changing political scene, and periodic restaffing] the college press seems to be holding its ground."
Reeves, R. Ambrose. "Dangers of Censorship." Forum, 4(18):18-21, November 1955. R9
The Bishop of Johannesburg, South Africa, believes that censorship of literature, the press, and broadcasting by the state cuts at the roots of the moral life because it destroys one of the essential foundations of all morality, namely, the respect for truth." Under censorship truth becomes something laid down by the authority. When freedom of expression goes, a loss of the meaning of truth follows, and book burning is not far away. References are to South Africa.
Regan, John J. "Supreme Court and Obscenity; Censorship a Defensive Weapon." Vital Speeches, 31:592-95, 19 July 1965. R10
Reichardt, Jasia. "Censorship, Obscenity and Context." Studio, 172:222-23, November 1966. R11
The author considers censorship of works of art in England under the Vagrancy Acts of 1824 and 1838 (public exhibition of indecent prints) and the Obscene Publications Act of 1959, as amended in 1964. The occasion is police action against works of Jim Dine in a London exhibition. References are also made to contemporary exhibitions of Aubry Beardsley, Stass Paraskos, Hermann Nitsch, and, historically, to Ruskin's burning of the Turner nudes and the 1929 confiscation of D. H. Lawrence paintings.
Reiss, Bernard F. "The Supreme Court and Obscenity: Mishkin and Ginzburg - Expansion of Freedom of Expression and Improved Regulation Through Flexible Standards of Obscenity." Rutgers Law Review, 21:43-55, Fall 1966. R12
Rhode Island. Legislative Council. Obscenity and Cernorship. Providence, R.I., The Council, 1966. 41p. (Research Report no. 15) R13
Rice, Elmer. "How We Muzzle the Movies." This Week, 6 March 1949, pp. 5, 35. R14
Rice charges the Production Code Administration with being "probably the most effective private censorship agency ever devised" and with being "a sounding board for all organized pressure groups in the country."
Richman, Richard. "Coexistence: The Press and Courts." Grassroots Editor, 7(3):21-23, July 1966. R15
"Right of Privacy - Relative's Interest in a Deceased's Name or Likeness." Ohio State Law Journal, 22:438-41, Spring 1961. R16
Bradley v. Cowles Magazines, Inc., 168 N.E. 2d 64 (1960).
"Right of Privacy vs. Free Press: Suggested Resolution of Conflicting Values." Indiana Law Journal, 28:179-94, Winter 1953. R17
The over- zealous protection of the individual's privacy and the exaggerated concern for this new tort grew out of "a journalistic era characterized by extreme callousness for the feeling of the individual."
"The Right to Know." Economist, 206:1085-86, 23 March 1963. R18
"Freedom of the press means access for its readers to views as well as news. The important thing is that views ought not, any more than trivia, to drive out information." Freedom to report news and views should be given equally to the press and the broadcasting agencies.
Roberts, Charles. "LBJ's Credibility Gap." Newsweek, 68(25):24-26, 19 December 1966. R19
"The list of outright pervarications, half- truths, concealments and misleading denials by the [Johnson] Administration is almost as long as its impressive list of achievements."
Roberts, Edwin A., Jr. The Smut Rakers: A Report in Depth on Obscenity and the Censors. Silver Springs, Md., The National Observer, 1966. 143p. (Newsbook no. 9) R20
Contents: Free expression v. obscenity - the dilemma of a reasonable society. The long bookshelf of sex and the various aims of erotica. Movies keep their sex quotient high but public is partial to corn, not porn. Postal inspectors vigorously pursue major violators of Mr. Comstock's Law. Customs Bureau's criteria change to reflect contemporary ideas. When smut moves between states J. Edgar Hoover's men move in. The magistrate's reluctance frustrates the prosecutor, baffles the pat,rolman. The "Citizens for Decent Literature." Geri Turner Davis and her Cat Called Jesus. Father Hill and Operation Yorkville. The Ginzburg Opinions of the U.S. Supreme Court (text). The work includes an account of the publishing trials of Grove Press, attacks on the Dictionary of American Slang, exposes of the nudist press and nudist movie industry, and a view of the operations against obscenity by the cities of New York, Boston, and Washington, D.C.
Robischon, Thomas. "A Day in Court with the Literary Critic." Massachusetts Review, 6:101-10, Autumn 1964. R21
The author finds disappointing the testimony of literary critics in behalf of books accused of being obscene, citing as an example the Massachusetts trial of Tropic of Cancer. "Purely literary or esthetic defenses of books do a disservice to literature. They divorce the moral potential of literature from our sexual lives, and thereby foster a moral irrelevant approach to literature."
Rogers, Charles H. "Police Control of Obscene Literature." Journal of Criminal Law, 57:430-82, December 1966. R22
"In this article Mr. Rogers traces the development of the American law of obscenity from its common law antecedents to the most recent decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States. Particular emphasis is placed upon the role of the police in the suppression of obscenity, and the special problems created for law enforcement personnel by court decisions. An examination of the work of the Chicago police department in this area is included, as is a detailed analysis of the obscenity market, a subject usually, but inexplicably, ignored by past law review commentaries." There is considerable information about the work of the NODL, CDL, and other citizens groups opposing obscenity, and a review of the major obscenity cases before the courts. The author concludes: "It is time that the courts, the legislatures and the public, including the booksellers and publishers, accept the responsibility for pornography as their own. The first step is to recognize that the sole responsibility is not that of the police and the solution is not the placing of additional restrictions and responsibility on the police."
Rothenberg, Ignaz. "Invasion of Privacy, in the Codes of Journalists." Nieman Reports, 13:5-7, October 1959. R23
A comparison of canons of journalism and active newspaper practices in the United States with those of other countries in the matter of invasion of privacy. Great Britain, Sweden, France, and South Africa are included. The author suggests how intrusions of privacy are avoided in the foreign press.
-------. "Newspaper Sins Against Privacy." Nieman Reports, 11:41-44, January 1957. R24
Among the sins against privacy practiced by American newspapers are: recalling expiated violations of the law, refusing anonymity to juvenile and to first offenders in minor cases, prejudicial pretrial publicity, and unnecessary involvement of families of accused or convicted.
Rowat, D. C. "How Much Administrative Secrecy?" Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, 31:479-98, November 1965. (Reply by K. W. Knight and rejoinder, February 1966) R25
A recommendation for relaxation of present restrictions on access to public documents. The logic of democracy "demands that the long- term trend be in the direction of the principle of publicity."
Royster, Vermont. "Free Press and a Fair Trial." North Carolina Law Review, 43:364-71, February 1965. R26
Rucker, Bryce W. The First Freedom. Carbondale, Ill., Southern Illinois University Press, 1968. 322p. Introduction by Morris Ernst. R27
The author traces monopoly, chain, and cross- media ownership trends in mass communications and surveys developments related to a reduction in the diversity of voices in the marketplace of ideas. Although a grim picture of the use of legal and illegal means to achieve monopoly control emerges, the author offers hope in the form of the weekly newspaper press, which, he argues, has the greatest potential to remain the public's watchdog over government and its agencies.
"What Solutions Do People Endorse in Free Press - Fair Trial Dilemma?" Journalism Quarterly, 44:240-44, Summer 1967. R28
"This expetimental study using the Q technique shows five distinct groups of people holding divergent opinions on the free press- fair trial issue, rather than two opposing camps."
Russell, Sir Charles. The Parnell Commission. The Opening Speech for the Defense. London, Macmillan, 1889. 615p. R29
Russell was defense attorney for the Irish nationalist, Charles Parnell, in his libel case against The Times. The full account of the affair appears in 35 volumes published by the Special Commission appointed to inquire into Parnellism and Crime.
Rust, William. Lift the Ban on the Daily Worker. [London, Daily Worker League, 1942?]. 24p. R30
The editor of London's Daily Worker, suspended 21 January 1941 by the British Home Secretary under wartime Regulation 2D for "systematically impeding the successful prosecution of the war," criticizes the act as an offense against a free press. A Declaration of Authors and an Actors' Declaration favoring removal of the ban are included, as well as the result of a Gallup Poll showing that less than one- third of the British public supports the ban.
Ruszkowski, Andrew, Oto Denes, and Barbara Scott. "Screen Censorship: Three Views." Television Quarterly, 5:31-41, Winter 1967. R31
Ruszkowski is president of the International Catholic Cinema Office with headquarters in Brussels; Denes is general secretary of the Yugoslavian Film Workers Union; Barbara Scott is associate counsel of the Motion Picture Association of America.
Ryan, Leo A. "Canada." Censorship, 2(3):30-33, Summer 1966. R32
The author notes that censorship in Canada divides itself nationally along geographic lines - in the East (Ontario and Quebec) there has been a sweeping liberalized trend, whereas in the West and the Maritimes, puritanical values still reign supreme.
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