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McClellan, Grant S., ed. Censorship in the United States. New York, Wilson, 1967. 222p. (The Reference Shelf, vol. 39, no. 3) M1
A compilation of current articles on such topics as the nature and effect of pornography, the United States Supreme Court and obscenity, fair trial and a free press, news management, and motion picture and television censorship.
MacCracken, Henry N. Prologue to Independence: The Trials of James Alexander, 1715-1756. New York, James H. Heineman, 1964. 187p. M2
Chapters 7 and 8 deal with Lawyer Alexander's part in the defense of John Peter Zenger, charged with seditious libel.
McCullough, Dan H. "Trial by Newspaper - Free Press and Fair Trial." South Dakota Law Review, 12:1-61, Winter 1967. M3
"Newspapers, radio stations and the operators of television stations are part of the power complex of a community, and as such they would like to take control of the economy, the political machinery, and the courts. It is this attempt of the press, radio and television to intervene in the judicial process with which we are concerned." The appendix contains the text of Guidelines on Publicity in Criminal Proceedings adopted by the Toledo Blade and Toledo Times.
McCullough, Robert G. "Torts - Right of Privacy as Subject to Qualified Privilege of Television News Broadcaster." Washington and Lee Law Review, 13:255-64, 1956. M4
Discussion of Jacova v. Southern Radio and Television Co., 83 S. (2d) 34 (Fla. 1955), the first decision on the precise point of invasion of privacy by means of a television news program.
Macdonagh, Michael. The Reporters' Gallery. London, Hodder and Stoughton, [1913]. 452p. M5
An account of "the long and dramatic struggle between Parliament and those who, as printers, publishers, editors and reporters, sought to satisfy the curiosity of the people as to the conduct of their representatives in Parliament, and, at the same time, of course, make a commercial profit for themselves, by reporting the Debates in the magazines and newspapers."
McDonald, Ben F. "TV and News Coverage of the Courtroom." Texas Bar Journal, 30:169-70, 220-27, March 1967. M6
The author advocates balance between the right of fair trial and a free press in the dilemma over press coverage guidelines.
[McDougall, Alexander]. "The McDougall Case as a Libertarian Cause." In Levy, Freedom of the Press from Zenger to Jefferson, pp. 105-27. M7
Text and commentary of documents relating to the case of Captain McDougall, charged with seditious libel in 1770. The documents, appearing originally in James Parker's New York Gazette, consist of a defense of Zengerian principles by Judge William Smith (published anonymously), an attack on "Star Chamber doctrines" by an unknown author, and McDougall's own statement written in jail.
McDougall, Gordon. "To Deprave and Corrupt? An Examination of the Method and Aim of Film Censorship in Britain." Motion, 2:5-8, Winter 1961-62. M8
McFadden, Monte. "Changing Standards for Obscenity." Santa Clara Lawyer, 6:206-15, Spring 1966. M9
MacGall, Rex. "How Your Films Are Censored." Bell, 10:493-501, September 1945. M10
A detailed account of the procedures of the Irish censorship of films, which have already been passed by the British Board of Censorship and, in the case of American imports, by the Hays Office. (Will Hays as distinguished from Dr. Richard Hayes, the Irish censor.) The author advocates a film classification system for Ireland, which would make it unnecessary to reject any film except on grounds of its being utter pornography.
MacGillivray, Royce. "Note on a Case of Seventeenth- Century Censorship." Notes and Queries, 211:262-63, July 1966. M11
Concerns part 2 of John Rushworth's Historical Collections, London, 1680.
McGinn, Donald J. John Penry and the Marprelate Controversy. New Brunswick, N.J., Rutgers University Press, 1966. 274p. M12
"In this first complete account of the controversy and Penry's relationship to it, Mr. McGinn has examined both literary style and content of all writers attacking and defending the Church in this period. Also appraised are the depositions to the Crown made by other suspects in the Martinist conspiracy." Text of seven Marprelate Tracts, 1588-89, are reproduced in facsimile in a volume published by Scolar Press, Leeds, Eng., 1967.
McKaig, Dianne L. "Public Interest as a Limitation of the Right to Privacy." Kentucky Law Journal, 41:126-33, November 1952. M13
Relates to the case of Leverton v. Curtis Publishing Co., 192 F 2d 974. Factors to be considered in determining whether the subject matter is of legitimate public interest and therefore privileged: the nature of the publication, the informative value of the article, the degree of public prominence of the plaintiff, and the effect of publication on plaintiff's relation to third person.
[McKean, Thomas] "Chief Justice McKean Interprets the Constitutional Guarantee of a Free Press." In Levy, Freedom of the Press from Zenger to Jefferson, pp. 131- 42. M14
In the libel case against Eleazer Oswald, editor of the Independent Gazetteer, Chief Justice McKean ruled that the constitutional guarantee of freedom of the press meant only what it had meant in England for a century. Other opinions upholding these views are included: a speech by James Wilson, a letter from Richard Henry Lee, an extract from Alexander Hamilton's essay in The Federalist, No. 84, an exchange of letters between William Cushing and John Adams, Franklin's article on abuses of the press (The Pennsylvania Gazette, 12 September 1789), and "Camillus Junius" articles relating to the New York libel case of William Keteltas (The Argus, 15 March and 6 April 1796).
MacLeod, Daniel G. "Fair Trial and Free Press - the Sheppard Case." Massachusetts Law Quarterly, 51:130-33, June 1966. M15
Sheppard v. Maxwell, 384 U.S. 333.
Macmillan, Dougald. "The Censorship in the Case of Macklin's The Man of the World." Huntington Library Bulletin, 10:79-101, October 1936. M16
An account of the refusal of the Lord Chamberlain to license Charles Macklin's comedy, in 1770 and again in 1779. In 1781 the play in revised form was approved and performed at Covent Garden. While the suppression is widely cited as an example of obstruction in the path of English drama, Macmillan notes that the enforced revisions resulted in a play "greater in conception, more economical in presentation, and more effective in every scene than that which had originally been refused a license."
McNeill, Don. "Coast Police Crackdown on City Lights Bookshop." Village Voice, 12(8):16, 31-32, 8 December 1966. M17
Arrest by San Francisco police of a clerk in Lawrence Ferlinghetti's City Lights Bookstore for sale of Lenore Kendel's five- page poem bound as The Love Book.
Magrath, C. Peter. "Obscenity Cases: Grapes of Roth." In Supreme Court Review, 1966. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1966, pp. 7-77. M18
In this essay on the confused legal status of obscenity, the author reviews the 1957 case of United States v. Roth, which marked the Supreme Court's first confrontation with the constitutionality of obscenity laws and its first effort to define obscenity. He follows with a critical review of the 1966 cases, Ginzburg v. United States, Mishkin v. New York, and Memoirs v. Massachusetts, in which the Court released 14 separate opinions. The root problem he finds is the Court's inability to provide an intelligible definition of obscenity, yet discussing what it has failed to define, and making decisions based upon the discussion. As a possible solution to the impasse the author recommends that the Court reject the "basic appeal formula" of the 1867 Regina v. Hicklin case in favor of the adoption of a clear and reasonably objective definition of "hardcore pornography," which he believes is possible. Such a definition should incorporate the elements of "patent offensiveness" in relation to a "national standard of decency" and would recognize the hallucinatory object of pornography.
-------. "Tropic of Cancer: the Biography of a Book." In Rocco J. Tresolini, and Richard T. Frost, Cases in American National Government and Politics. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice- Hall, 1966, pp. 174-82. M19
The Tropic of Cancer case is presented as an example of how the Supreme Court in settling a legal dispute helps to fashion public policy. What is obscenity and can our government regulate it without infringing on freedom of speech and press?
Maheu, Rene. "The Right to Information and the Right to the Expression of Opinion." In UNESCO, Human Rights, Comments and Interpretation; A Symposium edited by UNESCO with an Introduction by Jacques Maritain. New York, Columbia University Press, 1949, pp. 218-22. M20
Mallik, Jyotsna N. Law of Obscenity in India. Calcutta, Eastern Law House, [1966]. 119p. M21
Manchester, William. "William Manchester's Own Story." Look, 31(7):62-77, 4 April 1967. M22
The author's account of the writing of The Death of a President at the request of the Kennedy family and the bitter conflict that developed when the family attempted, ultimately through the New York state court, to block publication of the work.
Marcus, Steven. The Other Victorians: A Study of Sexuality and Pornography in Mid- Nineteenth Century England. New York, Basic Books, 1966. 292p. M23
The book consists of "a series of related studies in the sexual culture - more precisely, perhaps, the sexual subculture - of Victorian England." The author deals first with the official attitude toward sex as expressed by Dr. William Acton, then with an analysis of the work of Henry Spencer Ashbee (Pisanus Fraxi), scholar- bibliographer of sexual and pornographic literature. A major portion of the book deals with the 11- volume autobiography, My Secret Life, a work important because of its authenticity, its social and cultural significance, and because "it helps to demonstrate the connection between an authentic account of sexual experience in the Victorian period and the fantasies and language of pornography." The author also analyses four pornographic novels of the period and some of the immense literature describing flagellation appearing in Victorian England. In a final chapter, Pornotopia, he reaches certain theoretical conclusions concerning the nature and function of pornography.
-------. "Pornotopia." Encounter, 27(2):9-18, August 1966. M24
"The literary genre that pornographic fantasies - particularly when they appear in the shape of pornographic fiction - tend most to resemble is the utopian fantasy. For our present purposes I call this fantasy pornotopia." Pornography is not literature because of its endless repetition; it exists less in its language than any other kind of creative writing; unlike literature it is not interested in persons but in organs, in sex without human emotions. The author discusses three breakthroughs in the nineteenth- century subculture of pornography: the discovery of modern psychology, the novelists' assault on the hypocritical sexual life of the bourgeois, and the liberalization of sexual life and social attitude toward sexuality now taking place. The open publication of pornography today is both inevitable, necessary, and benign. It marks "the end of an era in which pornography had a historical meaning and even a historical function."
Margolin, Malcolm. "Censorship of Advertising by the Mass Media." Fact, 4(4):49-55, July-August 1967. M25
"The communications industry wields a heavy blue pencil not only to screen harmful products, but, perhaps more significantly, to suppress ideas, control thought and muzzle dissent."
Markel, Lester. "The Management of News." Saturday Review, 46(6):50-51, 61, 9 February 1963. M26
"Newspapers should recognize that it is not enough, in these critical days, to ask: Is it news? They must also ask: Is it in the national interest? It is not enough that the press be free; it must be responsible also. Government should recognize that there are grave dangers in overclassification and in censorship under any guise and that such procedures are to be used with the utmost caution and under constant scrutiny."
Markmann, Charles L. The Noblest Cry; A History of the American Civil Liberties Union. New York, St. Martin's Press, 1965. 464p. M27
A history of America's foremost agency in defense of the freedom of the press, with reports on numerous cases where the ACLU came to the defense of the right to speak and publish. The author discusses the role of Roger N. Baldwin in founding and directing the Union, actions in espionage cases in World War I, the Palmer raids of the 1920's, the Scopes evolution trial, the several Jehovah's Witnesses cases, opposition to the House Un- American Activities Committee and the various suppressions that took place during the hysteria of the McCarthy era. Markmann also discusses the role of the Union in combating post office and customs censorship, blacklisting practices in the communications industry, and the controversy within the Union over the issue of fair trial versus a free press. In the latter, the author supports the right of the accused as taking precedence over the right of the general public to know details. He is also concerned with the increasing invasions of privacy. A chapter entitled "Unclean! Unclean!" deals with the relatively late efforts by the Union to combat censorship of obscenity by vigilante groups and administrative agencies. He recounts the work of Morris Ernst on behalf of the Union in the cases of Dreiser's American Tragedy, Joyce's Ulysses, Esquire magazine, and many others, and criticizes the application of the "clear and present danger" dictum as being "as pernicious in the field of obscenity as in that of political censorship." The author reviews the Roth obscenity case, various cases before the Supreme Court relating to city and state motion picture censorship boards, including Jacobellis v. Ohio, and the then pending Ginzburg case before the Supreme Court. There is an account of ACLU's work in behalf of academic freedom in schools and colleges, censorship of textbooks and library books, and particularly the attacks on publications of UNESCO. The book constitutes a review of most of the issues on freedom of the press that arose in the United States during almost a half century.
Marks, Stan. "The Comstock Ghost." Sundial, 5(2):5+, September 1966. M28
The story of the court fight waged by Dr. Ilsley Boone to permit publication of nudist pictures. This "Free Press" issue also carries an article on Pornography and Freedom by R. W. Wescott, and the Nudist Picture by Robert L. Schwarz, all freely interspersed with pictures of nudes.
Marowitz, Charles. "An End to Censorship, But Not to Its Spirit." Village Voice, 12(38):18, 6 July 1967. M29
News of a joint Parliamentary Committee recommendation for the abolition of the two- hundred- and- thirty- year- old play censorship by the Lord Chamberlain prompts these observations on the work of the office. The Lord Chamberlain in recent years has been mainly concerned with niceties of language. "As for the really radical, destructively subversive plays, the plays that might topple the empire or excoriate the sensibility of the Mothers' Union . . . those plays aren't being written."
Martin, John B. "Murder of a Journalist." Harper's, 193:271-82, September 1946. M30
An account of the murder of Don Mellett, young crusading editor of the Canton, Ohio, Daily News on the night of 15 July 1926, the victim of his crusade against crime and corruption in Canton, and the investigation and trials that followed.
Martin, L. John. International Propaganda: Its Legal and Diplomatic Control. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1958. 284p. M31
An account of legal and diplomatic maneuvers in the attempt to control international propaganda. The author concludes that "international propaganda has little chance of being controlled or adjudicated at the international level." At present international propaganda is controlled by domestic courts, under the laws of individual states of the world.
Mathews, Joseph J. Reporting the Wars. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1957. 322p. M32
Chapter 12 deals with Censorship and Control. References to censorship also appear in chapters 10 and 11, on World War I and II.
Mayer, Michael F. Foreign Films on American Screens. New York, Arco, 1965. 119p. M33
Three chapters relate to freedom of the films: Chapter 8, The Censorship Problem, Chapter 9, The Decline of Prior Restraint, and Chapter 10, Classification or Clarification. There are a number of illustrations of films that met with censorship troubles. Examples of rating and classification services including the NODL list are given in the appendix.
Mead, Margaret. "Right to Privacy; The Public Need To Be Informed." Redbook, 128:30-34, April 1967. M34
Implications of the prepublication controversy over William Manchester's The Death of a President on the reporting about public figures - living and dead.
Meier, Ernst. "The Licensed Press in the U.S. Occupation Zone of Germany." Journalism Quarterly, 31:223-31, Spring 1954. M35
The development of an entirely new press in Germany between 1945 and 1949 was a great victory for the licensing system, but in reorienting the people toward democracy it was less successful.
Meiklejohn, Donald. Freedom and the Public: Public and Private Morality in America. Syracuse, N.Y., Syracuse University Press, 1965. 163p. M36
Chapter 4 deals with Responsible Government - The Freedom of Public Discussion.
Meister, Stanley. "Hidden Censors." Nation, 189:207-10, 10 October 1959. M37
A review of the long history of post- office censorship, culminating with the recent action of Postmaster General Summerfield against Lady Chatterley's Lover. "At present the Post Office's administrative procedures have no solid authorization from Congress. This is true of its campaigns against both obscenity and foreign political propaganda." Until the courts or the Congress act, "poor judgment, like that of Postmaster General Summerfield, is all that keeps the problems and procedures of postal censorship in public view.
"Men from CLEAN: California Smut Trade." Newsweek, 68:23-24, 5 September 1966. M38
California League Enlisting Action Now (CLEAN).
Merrill, John C. Is There a Right to Know? Columbia, Mo., Freedom of Information Center, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, 1967. 3p. (Publication no. 002) M39
An essay which examines the basis and implications of the people's right to know. If this right exists, is there not a concurrent duty on the part of the government and press to inform the people?
Merryman, John H. "Defamation of a Group." Notre Dame Lawyer, 21:21-25, September 1945. M40
Meyer, Richard J. "`The Blue Book'" and "Reaction to the `Blue Book.'" Journal of Broadcasting, 6:197-207, Summer 1962; 6:295-312, Fall 1962. M41
An overview of the content and effect of the controversial FCC report, Public Service Responsibility of Broadcast Licensees.
[Mill, James]. ["Review of] Memoires de Candide, sur la Liberte de la Presse . . . Par le Docteur Emmanuel Ralph . . . Edinburgh Review, 18:98-123, May 1811. M42
Mill briefly reviews this satire on press freedom (or lack of it) in France under the Directory, devoting much of the article to a comparison between restrictions of the press under French law and the restricted law of libel in England, which he considers odious and without statutory authority.
Miller, Helen H. "Freedom of the Press" In her The Case for Liberty. Chapel Hill, N.C., University of North Carolina Press, 1965, pp. 29-66. M43
The story of the William Bradford case (Philadelphia, 1692) and the John Peter Zenger case (New York, 1735). A portrait of Zenger's lawyer, Andrew Hamilton, is on p. 59.
Minneapolis Public Library. "Adult Book Selection Policy: A Model." Illinois Libraries, 48:402-4, May 1966. M44
A positive expression of one library's interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights, developed by the staff of the Minneapolis Public Library and approved by their Board of Trustees on 20 May 1965.
Mollenhoff, Clark R. "The Federal FOI Law: Meaningful If . . . " Quill, 54(8):22-23, August 1966. M45
A leader in the crusade for newspaper access to public information believes S1160, signed by the President, "will be meaningful if it is understood by the press and the public and is used as a device to force government agencies to produce documents. The text of the law follows.
-------, and Lester Markel. "Managing the News." IPI Report (International Press Institute), 12(1):4-6, May 1963. M46
Two newspaper men debate the alleged management of news by the Kennedy Administration.
Molz, Kathleen. "Implications of the Ginzburg Affair." Wilson Library Bulletin, 40:941-47, June 1966. M47
The editor of the Bulletin analyzes the decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court in three obscenity cases: Ginzburg v. U. S.; Mishkin v. New York; and Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure v. The Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, considering the implications to libraries of these and other federal censorship cases. The problem of the controversial novel still remains and "I would hope that librarians could strive for a review of fiction which would ask questions pertaining not so much to the book, but to the reader."
-------. "The Public Custody of the High Pornography." American Scholar, 36:93-103, Winter 1966-67. M48
The role of the public librarian in the selection of "high pornography." The author traces the attitude of the librarian from that of discouraging the novel as a questionable genre, to the present libertarian status, evidenced by the American Library Association entering an amicus curiae brief in defense of the Tropic of Cancer. In handling controversial books the librarian is caught in a dilemma between public demands and professional standards, made more confusing because of the "topsy- turvy scheme of things, in which the jurist adjudicates our national aesthetic and the [literary] critic serves as watchdog of our national ethic."
Monaghan, Henry P. "Obscenity, 1966: The Marriage of Obscenity Per Se and Obscenity Per Quod." Yale Law Journal, 76:127-57, November 1966. M49
"Like Roth, the 1966 cases do not succeed in fitting obscenity prosecution within any comprehensive theory of the First Amendment. But, in principle, they do permit the states wide leeway to move against the commercial exploiters of erotica . . . It is . . . safe to assume that the censors will take the 1966 decisions as further encouragement to go about their good works. But, as yet, obscenity prosecutions are still of marginal concern; it still remains unlikely that any `significant' book will be suppressed. That may not be enough, but it is a good deal."
Monsen, Per. "Attacks on Press Freedom Take New Pattern." IPI Report (International Press Institute), 13(9)1-3, January 1965. M50
The new pattern is the statutory press council and repressive laws to "discipline" newspapers, adopted by governments as far apart politically and geographically as Ceylon, South Africa, Nigeria, and Korea.
Montgomery, Reid H. Libel Laws and South Carolina Newspapers. New York, New York University, 1955. 256p. (Ph.D. dissertation, University Microfilms, no. 13, 628) M51
"The purpose of this study is to trace the historical development of libel laws as applied to newspapers of South Carolina, and to examine critically the areas from which proposals for changes in the statutes have been or may be made."
Moore, Everett T. "Clean Down the Drain." Library Journal, 92:83-84, 1 January 1967. M52
Account of the astonishing defeat by California voters of an antiobscenity proposal sponsored by an ad hoc organization called CLEAN, Inc. (California League Enlisting Action Now).
-------. "Libraries." Censorship, 2(3):10-14, Summer 1966. M53
A summary of censorship pressures against public and school libraries and the role librarians are taking in resisting censorship.
Moore, John R. "Defoe in the Pillory: A New Interpretation." In his Defoe in the Pillory. Indiana University Publications, Humanities Series no. 1, 1939, pp. 3- 32. M54
"The final cause of Defoe's humiliation was the personal resentment of his judges at the Old Bailey on July 7, 1703. These judges were men whom he had satirized in print, in the most scathing terms, for public and private vices."
"More Ado About Dirty Books." Yale Law Journal, 75:1364-1409+, July 1966. M55
"A new legal test for obscenity was born during the Supreme Court's 1965 term. Joining the already crowded household of indicia and criteria, the `pandering' test added a distinctive trait: for the first time, the offensive character of the defendant became relevant along with the noxious quality of his speech. In the process, First Amendment values - supposedly sheltered by the 1957 decision in Roth v. United States - were again left without protection." A critique of the Fanny Hill, Ginzburg, and Mishkin cases. The author concludes: "First Amendment theory will thus require a clear understanding of the evil feared from erotic literature. Once the evil is identified, the judges can ask whether the state's censorship is suited to achieve the legitimate goal and no more." Appendixes: A Review of U.S. Obscenity Statutes (Criminal) and Representative Depiction of U.S. Obscenity Statutes. These tables are arranged by state.
Morgan, Richard. "The Court and Obscenity." New Leader, 49:15-17, 11 April 1966. M56
A discussion of the Ginzburg, Mishkin, and Fanny Hill cases before the U.S. Supreme Court.
Morgenthau, Hans J. "Freedom, Freedom House and Vietnam." New Leader, 50:17-19, 2 January 1967. M57
A political scientist attacks the statement of Freedom House (New York
Times
advertisement of 30 November 1966) which "urges the responsible critics of the Vietnam war to disassociate themselves from wild charges being made against the nation and its leaders." He examines the five charges and concludes that the Freedom House document is trying to establish a political orthodoxy with regard to Vietnam policy and is attempting to limit freedom of legitimate speech and criticism. Leo Cherne of Freedom House defends the statement in the 16 January issue and criticizes Morgenthau's position. Morgenthau responds in the 30 January issue, characterizing Cherne's reply as "a thoroughly disreputable document," which justifies his own forebodings about the Freedom House statement.
Morning Chronicle (London). Report of the Trial of the Printer of the Morning Chronicle, and Others, for a Supposed Libel. [Derby, England, 1793]. 48p. M58
The defendant was judged "not guilty" for supposed libel contained in an advertisement from the Association at Derby.
Morris, Earl F. "Justice and the News Media." Illinois Bar Journal, 55:554-57, March 1967. M59
A rebuttal by the president- elect of the American Bar Association to the report of the American Newspaper Publishers Association on the "fair trial- free press" dialogue.
Morrison, Joseph L. "Editor for Sale: A World War II Case History." Journalism Quarterly, 43:34-42, Spring 1966. M60
"The story of how the Living Age, with a proud history dating back to 1844, fell into the hands of an editor financed by the Japanese from July 1938 to August 1941. The magazine died; the editor went to jail."
Morse, Howard N. "A Critical Analysis and Appraisal of Burstyn v. Wilson." North Dakota Law Review, 29:38-41, January 1953. M61
The case involved the motion picture, The Miracle.
Moser, J. G., and Richard A. Lavine. Radio and the Law. Los Angeles, Parker, 1947. 386p. M62
Includes chapters on program control, advertising, obscene and indecent language, defamation, right of privacy, presentation of public issues, unfair competition, copyright, and a brief section on censorship.
Mosk, Stanley. "Free Press and Fair Trial - Placing Responsibility." Santa Clara Lawyer, 5:107-20, Spring 1965. M63
A general review of the issue with special reference to the New Jersey case, State v. Van Duyne, 204 A 2d 841 (N.J. 1964), which "helpfully warned police officers and the bar. It is hoped that other jurisdictions will be similarly resolute. Perhaps then the current trend of irresponsibility can be reversed."
Mowrer, Richard Scott. "Where Americans Lead Way in Censorship." IPI Report (International Press Institute), 13(9):5, January 1965. M64
"An aspect of the U.S. military presence in Spain is the suppression of news. It has existed in varying degrees since the defense agreements were signed with General Franco's government 11 years ago. Lately it has become more noticeable.
Muddiman, Joseph G. The King's Journalist, 1659-1689; Studies in the Reign of Charles II. London, Lane, 1923. 294p. M65
An account of the regulation of the newspaper press during the Restoration, achieved through Royal monopoly held by Henry Muddiman, Roger L'Estrange, and Oliver Williams, who competed among themselves for monopoly power. L'Estrange became the first Surveyor of the Press, when that office was established in 1663, serving as both publisher and censor. The work includes a brief account of Benjamin Harris, first American newspaper publisher, whose efforts in both England and America were suppressed.
Murphy, Terrence J. et al. "Fighting the Obscenity Racket: Special Issue." Mary Today, 55:4-10+, September-October 1964. M66
Contents: Who Shall Censor? by Terrence J. Murphy, Give Them a Chance by Ralph Guyatte, Repercussions by Charles Lees, The Playboy Philosophy by Francis Lawlor, No Matter How Good the Seed by Margaret Rowland, Our Brother's Keeper by C. Doherty, and The Law We Live by Julius G. Neumann.
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